Study Finds Birth Hypoxia May Increase ADHD Likelihood
January 27, 2026
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Brand Name :
Gleolan
Synonyms :
ALA, aminolevulinic acid oral
Class :
Contrast media
Brand Name :
Gleolan
Synonyms :
ALA, aminolevulinic acid oral
Class :
Contrast media
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Lyophilized powder for oral solution
30mg/ml
Take 20 mg/kg orally approximately 3 hours prior to induction of anesthesia
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment: dose modification not known
Hepatic impairment: study not conducted
Dosage Considerations
Only neurosurgeons who have completed a course on the use of fluorescence in surgery should use it
Safety and efficacy not determined
Refer to adult dosing
aminolevulinic acid oral, ciprofloxacin, increases toxicity of either drug because of pharmacodynamic synergism. Avoid or use alternate drug. Avoid administering other phototoxic drugs with aminolevulinic acid oral for 24 hr during the perioperative period.
When both drugs are combined, there may be an increased risk of adverse effect
may enhance the toxic effects of demeclocycline
may enhance the toxic effects of doxycycline
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Glucocorticoids
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Glucocorticoids
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Glucocorticoids
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Glucocorticoids
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Glucocorticoids
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased due to pharmacokinetic synergism
photosensitizing agents increase the effect of verteporfin
photosensitizing agents increase the effect of porfimer
photosensitizing agents increase the effect of methoxsalen
Actions and spectrum:
Endogenous aminolevulinic acid is produced by the mitochondria from succinyl-CoA and glycine; exogenous administration causes tumor cells to accumulate the aminolevulinic acid metabolite PpIX.
Frequency defined
Headache (2.7%)
Seizure (1.9%)
Monoparesis (1.3%)
Aphasia (8%)
Hypoesthesia (1.1%)
Cerebral edema
Frequency not defined
Induced eye injury
Increased photosensitivity
Adverse reaction of ophthalmic
Irritation of mucous membrane
Hypotension
Inflammation at the site of application
Fatigue
Episodes of transient amnesia
Black Box Warning
Do not administer phototoxic drugs before or after taking aminolevulinic acid
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindication:
Hypersensitivity
Porphyria
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Pregnancy consideration:
USFDA pregnancy category: Data not available
Lactation:
The excretion of aminolevulinic acid into human milk is not known
Pregnancy category:
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus `in either the first or second trimester.
Category B: There was a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence, these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
Pharmacodynamics:
In glioma surgery, tumor tissue is visible as red fluorescence when an operating microscope equipped with a blue light source and filters for 375–440 nm excitation light and 620–710 nm observation light is used. Tumor tissue without adequate PpIX concentrations appears blue.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
The absolute bioavailability of aminolevulinic acid is 100%, with a peak concentration of 0.8hour
Distribution
12% of the drug is bound to protein
Metabolism
It is metabolized to PpIX
Elimination and excretion
34% of the drug is eliminated through urine
Half-life:
0.9hour for aminolevulinic acid
3.6hour for PpIX
Administration:
For oral use only
Before administration, reconstitute the powder
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: aminolevulinic acid
Why do we use aminolevulinic acid?
Aminolevulinic acid is used to diagnose glioma in patients for identifying malignant tissue, especially in patients suspected of WHO grade III or IV on preoperative imaging.
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