Performance Comparison of Microfluidic and Immunomagnetic Platforms for Pancreatic CTC Enrichment
November 15, 2025
Free CME credits
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
Brand Name :
Naramin
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
Class :
Anti-Parkinson Agent, Anticholinergic and antiemetics
Brand Name :
Naramin
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
Class :
Anti-Parkinson Agent, Anticholinergic and antiemetics
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Oral liquid
12.5mg/5mL
50mg/30mL
Elixir
12.5 mg/5mL
Syrup
12.5 mg/5mL
Tablet
25mg
50mg
capsule
25mg
50mg
Tablet-chewable
12.5mg
Tablet-dispersible
25mg
Strip
12.5mg
Injectable solution
50mg/mL
Off-label:
25 - 50
mg
Orally
3-4 times a day
Do not exceed 300 mg per day
50
mg
Orally
30 minutes before going to bed
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Oral liquid
12.5mg/5mL
50mg/30mL
Elixir
12.5 mg/5mL
Syrup
12.5 mg/5mL
Tablet
25mg
50mg
capsule
25mg
50mg
Tablet-chewable
12.5mg
Tablet-dispersible
25mg
Strip
12.5mg
Injectable solution
50mg/mL
Age >12 years:
25 - 50
mg
Orally
every 4-6 hours as required
diphenhydramine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
diphenhydramine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
diphenhydramine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
diphenhydramine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
diphenhydramine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
there is a danger of serotonin syndrome; thus, avoid using this product in patients receiving MAOIs or within two weeks or after stopping MAOI treatment
there is a danger of serotonin syndrome; thus, avoid using this product in patients receiving MAOIs or within two weeks or after stopping MAOI treatment
there is a danger of serotonin syndrome; thus, avoid using this product in patients receiving MAOIs or within two weeks or after stopping MAOI treatment
there is a danger of serotonin syndrome; thus, avoid using this product in patients receiving MAOIs or within two weeks or after stopping MAOI treatment
there is a danger of serotonin syndrome; thus, avoid using this product in patients receiving MAOIs or within two weeks or after stopping MAOI treatment
may enhance the CNS depressant effect
may increase the depressant effect of opioid agonists
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the risk or severity of methemoglobinemia when miltefosine is combined
benzylpenicilloyl polylysine: they may decrease the diagnostic effect of antihistamines
may have an increased risk of adverse effects when combined with tropicamide
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect
Combining diphenhydramine with pranlukast may cause a reduction in the diphenhydramine’s metabolism
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Antihistamines
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Antihistamines
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Antihistamines
When cyclacillin is used together with diphenhydramine, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
When encainide is used together with diphenhydramine, this leads to a reduction in the encainide’s metabolism
When diphenhydramine is used together with melitracen, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When ponesimod is used together with diphenhydramine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of bradycardia
When diphenhydramine is used together with adenosine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of QTc prolongation
When acepromazine is used together with diphenhydramine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When diphenhydramine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
diphenhydramine: it may increase the central nervous system depressant activities of tolperisone
this preparation contains diphenhydramine and may enhance the impact of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, including opioid analgesics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antidepressants, antiemetics, anxiolytic sedatives, antipsychotics, and hypnotics
this preparation contains diphenhydramine and may enhance the impact of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, including opioid analgesics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antidepressants, antiemetics, anxiolytic sedatives, antipsychotics, and hypnotics
this preparation contains diphenhydramine and may enhance the impact of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, including opioid analgesics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antidepressants, antiemetics, anxiolytic sedatives, antipsychotics, and hypnotics
this preparation contains diphenhydramine and may enhance the impact of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, including opioid analgesics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antidepressants, antiemetics, anxiolytic sedatives, antipsychotics, and hypnotics
this preparation contains diphenhydramine and may enhance the impact of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, including opioid analgesics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antidepressants, antiemetics, anxiolytic sedatives, antipsychotics, and hypnotics
due to the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine, the effects of anticholinergics (e.g., some psychotropic drugs and atropine) may be intensified, leading to symptoms such as dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., colic), urinary retention, increased heart rate, and headache
due to the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine, the effects of anticholinergics (e.g., some psychotropic drugs and atropine) may be intensified, leading to symptoms such as dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., colic), urinary retention, increased heart rate, and headache
due to the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine, the effects of anticholinergics (e.g., some psychotropic drugs and atropine) may be intensified, leading to symptoms such as dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., colic), urinary retention, increased heart rate, and headache
due to the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine, the effects of anticholinergics (e.g., some psychotropic drugs and atropine) may be intensified, leading to symptoms such as dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., colic), urinary retention, increased heart rate, and headache
due to the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine, the effects of anticholinergics (e.g., some psychotropic drugs and atropine) may be intensified, leading to symptoms such as dry mouth, gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., colic), urinary retention, increased heart rate, and headache
when used with dronabinol increases the CNS suppression
CNS depressants may enhance the sedative effect of rotigotine
may enhance the CNS depressant effect of cannabinoid-containing products
may enhance the CNS depressant effect of cannabinoid-containing products
brexanolone: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antihistamines
the efficacy of benzylpenicillolyl polylysine as a diagnostic agent may be decreased with diphenhydramine
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia can be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the activity of hyoscine may be increased
cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate
this combination will make you feel sleepy or tired when Antihistamines used in combination
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
Diphenhydramine primarily acts by blocking histamine H1 receptors, which are found in various body tissues including the respiratory tract, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, heart, immune cells, uterus, and the central nervous system (CNS). Activation of these receptors normally leads to effects such as increased blood vessel permeability, vasodilation, decreased AV node conduction, airway nerve stimulation (leading to coughing), smooth muscle contractions, and activation of allergic responses. By acting as an inverse agonist at these receptors, diphenhydramine counteracts these effects, helping to relieve allergic symptoms.
As a first-generation antihistamine, diphenhydramine crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts on H1 receptors in the CNS, which can cause drowsiness and suppress coughing by affecting the medullary cough center.
Additionally, due to structural similarity between H1 and muscarinic receptors, diphenhydramine also has anticholinergic properties. It competitively inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which contributes to its utility in treating Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
Finally, diphenhydramine can block intracellular sodium channels, which may provide it with mild local anesthetic effects.
Adverse drug reactions:
Frequency Not Defined
Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Sedation
Xerostomia
Dry nasal mucosa
Confusion
Anticholinergic effects
Pharyngeal dryness
Agranulocytosis
Convulsions
Nervousness
Restlessness
Blurred vision
Thick bronchial sputum
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Serious and potentially fatal Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) can occur with BREYANZI. Do not administer to patients with active infections or inflammatory conditions. Treat severe CRS with tocilizumab, with or without corticosteroids.
Neurologic toxicities, which may be life-threatening or fatal, have been reported. These can occur alongside CRS, after CRS resolution, or independently. Monitor closely and manage with supportive care and/or corticosteroids.
Secondary T-cell malignancies have been observed following treatment with genetically modified T cell therapies, including BREYANZI.
BREYANZI is available only through a restricted Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program due to these serious risks.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Monitor for signs of hypersensitivity during infusion; immediate intervention may be required.
Serious Infections: Patients should be closely monitored for symptoms of infection and treated promptly if signs develop.
Prolonged Cytopenias: Grade 3 or higher cytopenias may persist for weeks post-infusion. Regularly monitor complete blood counts.
Hypogammaglobulinemia: Monitor immunoglobulin levels and consider immunoglobulin replacement therapy if necessary.
Secondary Malignancies: T cell malignancies have been reported post-treatment. If a secondary malignancy is diagnosed, contact Bristol-Myers Squibb at 1-888-805-4555.
Impaired Ability to Operate Machinery: Advise patients to avoid driving or engaging in hazardous tasks (e.g., operating heavy machinery) for at least 8 weeks after receiving BREYANZI.
Pregnancy warnings:
US FDA pregnancy category: B
Breastfeeding warnings:
The release of the drug into the human breastmilk is known
Pregnancy Categories:
BREYANZI is a CD19-targeted, genetically modified autologous T cell immunotherapy formulated to ensure consistent dosing of both CD8-positive and CD4-positive T cells. The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) includes a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from the FMC63 monoclonal antibody, linked to an IgG4 hinge, a CD28 transmembrane region, and intracellular signaling domains from 4-1BB (CD137) and CD3 zeta.
The CD3 zeta domain initiates T cell activation and mediates antitumor effects, while the 4-1BB domain supports CAR T cell proliferation and long-term persistence. Upon binding to CD19 on the surface of malignant and normal B cells, BREYANZI CAR T cells become activated, proliferate, release inflammatory cytokines, and exert cytotoxic activity against the targeted cells.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed orally; peak effect at ~1 hour, peak plasma levels in 2–3 hours. Oral bioavailability is 40–60%.
Distribution
Widely distributed, including CNS; volume of distribution is 3.3–6.8 L/kg; 78–85% plasma protein bound.
Metabolism
Undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism via CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19; forms multiple inactive metabolites.
Elimination/Excretion
Mainly excreted via urine as conjugated inactive metabolites; ~1% excreted unchanged.
Half-life: 2.4–9.3 hours; prolonged in liver dysfunction.
Clearance: 600–1300 mL/min after a 50 mg oral dose.
Pharmacodynamics
Diphenhydramine possesses antihistaminic (H1-receptor blocking), antiemetic, antivertigo, sedative, and hypnotic effects. Its antihistamine action works by competing with histamine for H1 receptor binding sites on target cells, thereby inhibiting—though not reversing—the effects of histamine. These receptors are located in various tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscles. The antiemetic effect is achieved by suppressing activity in the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. Its antivertigo action is primarily due to central antimuscarinic effects on the vestibular system, the vomiting center, and the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the midbrain.
Diphenhydramine can be administered orally, intravenously (IV), or intramuscularly (IM). Oral forms include tablets, capsules, and liquids. IV and IM routes are typically used in acute care settings for rapid effect. Dosage and route depend on the indication, age, and clinical condition.
Generic Name: diphenhydramine
Pronounced: DYE-fen-HIGH-druh-meen
Why do we use diphenhydramine?
Diphenhydramine is commonly used to treat allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, and hives. It also helps relieve motion sickness, nausea, and insomnia due to its sedative effects. Additionally, it is used to manage Parkinsonism and drug-induced movement disorders, as well as to reduce coughing and alleviate symptoms of vertigo. Topical forms can soothe insect bites and minor skin irritations.
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
On course completion, you will receive a full-sized presentation quality digital certificate.
A dynamic medical simulation platform designed to train healthcare professionals and students to effectively run code situations through an immersive hands-on experience in a live, interactive 3D environment.
When you have your licenses, certificates and CMEs in one place, it's easier to track your career growth. You can easily share these with hospitals as well, using your medtigo app.
