Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Zestoretic
Synonyms :
lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
Class :
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/Diuretic
Brand Name :
Zestoretic
Synonyms :
lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
Class :
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/Diuretic
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Tablet
10mg/12.5mg
20mg/12.5mg
20mg/25mg
10mg/12.5mg (lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide) orally daily; depending on the current monotherapy dose
Initial dose-10 to 80mg/6.25 to 50mg orally once a day. May increase the dose after 2 to 3 weeks. Do not exceed 80mg/50mg per day
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may diminish the absorption of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure lowering agents
may increase the toxic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may decrease the anti-hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the anti-hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the anti-hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the anti-hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the anti-hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may enhance the serum concentration of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may enhance the serum concentration of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may enhance the serum concentration of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may enhance the serum concentration of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may enhance the serum concentration of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypokalemic effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypokalemic effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypokalemic effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypokalemic effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypokalemic effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the toxic effect of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may increase the toxic effect of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may increase the toxic effect of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
choline magnesium trisalicylate
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hypercalcaemic effect of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
Mechanism of action
lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that blocks the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, lisinopril causes vasodilation, which results in a decrease in blood pressure. lisinopril also reduces the workload on the heart, making it helpful in treating heart failure
hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that increases the excretion of sodium and chloride ions in the urine. This causes a decrease in the volume of fluid in the blood vessels, which reduces blood pressure. hydrochlorothiazide also has mild vasodilatory effects, further contributing to its anti-hypertensive activity
Spectrum
The spectrum of activity of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide includes the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and other cardiovascular conditions. They are also sometimes used in treating kidney disease and diabetes, as they can help protect the kidneys and reduce the risk of complications associated with these conditions
Frequency defined:
10%
lisinopril
Dizziness (5-12%)
1-10%
lisinopril
Headache (4-6%)
Diarrhea (3-4%)
Chest pain (3%)
Nausea (2%)
Psoriasis (unknown frequency)
Cough (4-9%)
Hyperkalemia (2-5%)
Hypotension (1-4%)
Fatigue (3%)
Rash (1-2%)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Anorexia
Hypokalemia
Hypotension
Epigastric distress
Phototoxicity
Post-marketing reports
Hydrochlorothiazide
Non-melanoma cancer
Black box warning
Drugs that immediately affect the renin-angiotensin system can harm or even kill a growing baby. If pregnancy is found, stop taking the medication as soon as possible
Contraindications
Caution
Pregnancy consideration:
lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide should not be used during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters, as they can cause fetal harm or death.
Lactation: Not recommended to nurse
Pregnancy category:
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology
The combination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide leads to an additive anti-hypertensive effect with the potential to improve blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. In addition, the use of these medications can help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction, in patients with hypertension
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide involve the reduction of peripheral resistance, a decrease in cardiac output, and vasodilation, leading to a reduction in blood pressure.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
lisinopril is rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentration ns reached within 7 hours. hydrochlorothiazide is also well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 2 hours
Distribution
lisinopril is extensively distributed in the body, with a distribution of approximately 0.5 L/kg. It does not bind to plasma proteins to a significant extent. hydrochlorothiazide is extensively distributed in the body, with a volume of distribution of approximately 0.8 to 1.0 L/kg. It does not bind to plasma proteins to a significant extent
Metabolism
lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide are not metabolized and are excreted unchanged in the urine.
Elimination/Excretion
lisinopril is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, with a half-life of approximately 12 hours. hydrochlorothiazide is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, with a half-life of approximately 6 to 15 hours. Approximately 60% of a given dose is excreted in the urine, with the remainder excreted in the faeces
Administration
lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide are usually administered together in the form of a single tablet, available in different strengths, depending on the dose of each medication.
The tablet can be taken orally, with or without food, and should be swallowed with a full glass of water. The usual dosage may vary depending on the patient’s condition, age, weight, and response to treatment
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
Why do we use lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide?
lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide are significant drugs for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure and can help improve outcomes and minimize the risk of complications in people
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