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captopril - medtigo

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captopril

Brand Name :

Captoril, Capoten

Synonyms :

captopril

Class :

ACE Inhibitors





No data available for drug.

Actions and Spectrum 

The primary action of captopril is to lower blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the workload of the heart. It does this by inhibiting the activity of ACE, an enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure.

By blocking the production of angiotensin II, captopril can help to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. captopril is also sometimes used to treat kidney problems caused by diabetes and to improve survival after a heart attack. It may be used in combination with other medications to achieve these effects. 

In terms of its spectrum of activity, captopril is effective at lowering blood pressure in a wide range of patients, including those with hypertension, congestive heart failure, and kidney problems. It is generally well-tolerated, although some people may experience side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, and a dry cough. 

 

DRUG INTERACTION

captopril

&

  • interferon beta 1b
  • tetracaine/oxymetazoline intranasal
  • benzocaine oropharyngeal
  • benzalkonium chloride/menthol/petrolatum topical
  • inamrinone
  • alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
  • potassium bicarbonate/potassium citrate
  • potassium phosphate/sodium acid phosphate
  • asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi recombinant
  • motixafortide
  • pegloticase
  • etesevimab
  • Rho(D) immune globulin
  • tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
  • reltecimod (pending FDA approval)
  • avasopasem
  • trimethoprim/polymyxin B ophthalmic
  • naphazoline ophthalmic
  • sulfacetamide topical
  • sirolimus intravitreal (pending FDA approval)
  • sirolimus protein bound
  • sirolimus topical
  • glycopyrronium tosylate topical
  • sofpironium
  • olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide
  • dovitinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • epinephrine inhaled
  • quizartinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ranibizumab intravitreal injection
  • sodium hyaluronate
  • bacitracin and lidocaine topical
  • brimonidine topical
  • benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin topical
  • talquetamab
  • betrixaban
  • acetaminophen/caffeine/pyrilamine
  • fentanyl transmucosal
  • bacitracin topical
  • buprenorphine,long-acting injection
  • buprenorphine buccal
  • nalmefene intranasal
  • sulbactam/durlobactam
  • metronidazole topical 
  • daratumumab/hyaluronidase
  • glofitamab
  • rituximab-hyaluronidase
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate
  • loncastuximab tesirine
  • ingenol mebutate topical
  • momelotinib
  • trastuzumab/deruxtecan
  • trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • trastuzumab duocarmazine
  • lifileucel
  • umbralisib
  • eflornithine/sulindac
  • cytarabine/daunorubicin liposomal
  • doxorubicin liposomal
  • epcoritamab
  • lanadelumab  
  • esomeprazole/naproxen 
  • terbinafine topical
  • ravulizumab
  • clotrimazole topical
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • tacrolimus ointment
  • mechlorethamine topical
  • donislecel
  • pozelimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • rabies immune globulin, human (RIG)
  • melphalan flufenamide
  • sintilimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • oportuzumab monatox (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sotorasib
  • irinotecan liposomal
  • sulfur topical
  • silver sulfadiazine
  • capsaicin transdermal
  • sutimlimab
  • tretinoin topical
  • acetaminophen rectal
  • menthol topical
  • naftifine
  • oatmeal, colloidal topical
  • oxiconazole
  • methylsalicylate/menthol topical
  • C1 inhibitor human
  • lifitegrast ophthalmic
  • prednisolone/sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • mannitol inhalation
  • ofloxacin otic
  • petrolatum & mineral oil topical
  • clascoterone topical
  • gefapixant (Pending FDA Approval)
  • colesevelam
  • technetium Tc 99m succimer
  • nebivolol/valsartan
  • ciprofloxacin/fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • finafloxacin otic
  • magnesium hydroxide/mineral oil
  • phenylephrine/mineral oil/petrolatum rectal
  • carbamide peroxide oral
  • atropine ophthalmic
  • sodium sulfacetamide/sulfur
  • sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • lucinactant
  • benzonatate
  • besifloxacin ophthalmic
  • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • beractant
  • trimagnesium citrate anhydrous
  • vitamin b2
  • carbamide peroxide otic
  • mineral oil topical
  • ethyl alcohol intranasal
  • boric acid/alcohol otic
  • absorbable gelatin compressed sponge, USP
  • absorbable gelatin sponge, USP
  • vincristine liposomal
  • technetium Tc 99m albumin aggregated injection
  • metaproterenol
  • budesonide inhaled/formoterol/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • epinephrine racemic
  • umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled
  • indacaterol, inhaled/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • betaine  
  • laronidase 
  • estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            
  • cerliponase alfa
  • ertugliflozin/sitagliptin
  • hawthorn
  • shepherd’s purse
  • thiamine
  • naphazoline/glycerin ophthalmic
  • oxymetazoline ophthalmic
  • dorzolamide
  • dexamethasone intraocular
  • dexamethasone/ciprofloxacin
  • dexamethasone ophthalmic
  • metipranolol ophthalmic
  • timolol ophthalmic
  • boron
  • fezolinetant
  • pegunigalsidase alfa-iwxj
  • biotin
  • pantothenic acid
  • silicon
  • sodium acid phosphate
  • hypochlorous acid topical
  • methenamine/sodium acid phosphate
  • aviptadil 
  • bremelanotide
  • glucagon intranasal
  • metformin and repaglinide
  • bai ji
  • pau d’arco
  • juzentaihoto
  • mistletoe
  • quercetin
  • rosemary
  • sheng di huang
  • chasteberry
  • maitake
  • grapefruit
  • lentinan
  • juniper
  • nettle
  • parsley
  • rose hips
  • tongkat ali
  • horny goat weed
  • damiana
  • yohimbe
  • insulin NPH
  • aprocitentan
  • noni Juice
  • sodium iodide I-131
  • green tea
  • sea cucumber
  • wheat germ extract
  • fenofibrate micronized 
  • rogisen
  • danshen
  • lutein
  • witch hazel
  • dextroamphetamine transdermal
  • amphetamine/dextroamphetamine
  • hoodia
  • kolanut
  • boswellia
  • opuntia ficus indica
  • lavender
  • nadh
  • tea tree oil
  • metformin/sitagliptin 
  • dapagliflozin/ metformin/saxagliptin  
  • antihemophilic factor recombinant
  • inclisiran
  • bempedoic acid/ezetimibe
  • volanesorsen  
  • omega 3 carboxylic acids
  • pericyazine
  • levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)
  • betaxolol ophthalmic
  • respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, adjuvanted
  • phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
  • alirocumab
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/gramicidin ophthalmic
  • factor IX
  • gentamicin topical
  • ansofaxine (Pending FDA Approval)
  • zuranolone (Pending FDA Approval)
  • factor IX, recombinant
  • factor IX complex
  • factor XIII A-subunit, recombinant
  • factor X, human
  • mesalamine rectal
  • etrasimod
  • anti-inhibitor coagulant complex
  • factor IX, recombinant/albumin fusion protein
  • fibrinogen, human
  • aminocaproic acid
  • metyrosine
  • nonoxynol-9 vaginal
  • progesterone intravaginal gel
  • ipecac syrup
  • botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent
  • pentetate calcium trisodium
  • crotalidae polyvalent immune FAB (ovine)
  • dehydrated alcohol injection 
  • gold sodium thiomalate (Discontinued)
  • lactic acid/citric acid/potassium bitartrate vaginal
  • von Willebrand factor, recombinant
  • luspatercept
  • digoxin immune FAB (Antidote)
  • crotalidae immune FAB (equine)
  • magnesium (Antidote)
  • pyridoxine (Antidote)
  • edetate calcium disodium
  • albumin IV
  • nitroglycerin sublingual
  • obiltoxaximab
  • anthrax immune globulin
  • nitroglycerin topical
  • dextrose
  • nesiritide
  • estradiol vaginal
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • botulism immune globulin iv
  • amoxicillin/omeprazole/rifabutin
  • synthetic human angiotensin II
  • nitroglycerin IV
  • nitroglycerin translingual
  • nitroprusside sodium
  • tetrahydrozoline/zinc sulfate/hypromellose ophthalmic
  • sodium citrate/citric acid
  • pemetrexate
  • methicillin
  • plasminogen 
  • acai
  • american ginseng
  • cordyceps
  • tramadol/acetaminophen
  • belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbital
  • erythromycin topical/benzoyl peroxide
  • glucosamine sulfate
  • panax ginseng (suppl/herb)
  • tolnaftate
  • sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sulfur hexafluoride
  • sotrovimab
  • arbaclofen
  • rifampin/isoniazid
  • clindamycin /tretinoin topical
  • benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical
  • apremilast
  • antivenins, centuroides (scorpion)
  • bamlanivimab and etesevimab
  • vilobelimab
  • gadobenate
  • pentosan polysulfate sodium
  • methylsalicylate/menthol/camphor topical
  • antivenin, black widow spider
  • benzoyl peroxide and hydrocortisone
  • clindamycin topical
  • isometheptene, dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen
  • acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine
  • erythromycin topical
  • erythromycin ophthalmic
  • alpha hydroxy acids, topical
  • buprenorphine transdermal
  • butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine
  • buprenorphine/samidorphan
  • buprenorphine subdermal implant
  • celecoxib/tramadol
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol
  • resorcinol/sulfur
  • eflornithine
  • rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
  • tofersen
  • devil’s claw
  • ticarcillin/clavulanate
  • atropine/pralidoxime
  • aprepitant
  • suramin
  • phenelzine 
  • artichoke
  • american dogwood
  • attapulgite
  • atlantic cedar
  • axalimogene filolisbac
  • sodium thiosulfate & sodium nitrite
  • ataluren
  • omidubicel-onlv
  • capsicum
  • ginger
  • cryoprecipitate
  • bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • fo-ti
  • siberian ginseng
  • granulocytes
  • zinc substituted heme C
  • zinc trihydroxide
  • ashwagandha 
  • cat’s claw
  • glandular products
  • SAMe
  • shark cartilage
  • altovis
  • feverfew
  • horse chestnut
  • magnesium aspartate
  • octacosanol
  • pleurisy root
  • star anise
  • butterbur
  • elderberry
  • licorice (Suppl/herb)
  • aconite
  • pentetate zinc trisodium
  • menthol topical/zinc oxide topical
  • corn-starch/kaolin/zinc oxide topical
  • 5-htp
  • butcher’s broom
  • articulin
  • bearberry
  • goldenrod
  • progesterone, natural
  • black cohosh
  • wild yam
  • cranberry
  • dong quai
  • phytoestrogens
  • norethindrone
  • false Unicorn Root
  • raspberry Leaf
  • asafoetida
  • turmeric
  • dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
  • hyaluronan
  • aliskiren/amlodipine
  • octreotide (Antidote)
  • tranexamic acid injection
  • duocal
  • neocate infant formula
  • pediatric Eo28
  • aloe
  • red clover
  • propolis
  • androstenedione
  • heartsease
  • comfrey
  • bilberry
  • chamomile
  • eyebright
  • calendula
  • sage
  • yucca
  • polypody
  • odevixibat
  • vinpocetine
  • olanzapine/samidorphan
  • creatine
  • yerba mate
  • spesolimab
  • azficel-T
  • tiludronate
  • estetrol and drospirenone
  • pseudoephedrine/fexofenadine
  • lincomycin
  • neomycin oral
  • fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • tretinoin/ hydroquinone/ fluocinolone
  • halobetasol topical
  • hydrocortisone/​iodoquinol
  • penicillin G procaine /penicillin G benzathine
  • hydrocortisone probutate topical
  • colistin/neomycin/hydrocortisone/thonzonium otic
  • ebola zaire vaccine
  • hepatitis a/​b vaccine
  • vibegron
  • lindane
  • nystatin topical
  • respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine
  • chikungunya vaccine
  • tenecteplase
  • reteplase
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted
  • meningococcal ABCWY pentavalent vaccine
  • eculizumab
  • cholestyramine
  • tinzaparin
  • taurolidine/​citrate/​heparin
  • protein C concentrate
  • antithrombin alfa
  • antithrombin III
  • multivitamins, vision
  • ibuprofen/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/ibuprofen
  • ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine
  • paclitaxel protein-bound
  • acetic acid vaginal
  • acetic acid otic
  • hydrocodone/ ibuprofen
  • methyl salicylate / isopropanol/ citronellyl acetate/ citric acid
  • ibuprofen and phenylephrine
  • acetylcysteine (Antidote)
  • iron/​folic acid/​vitamin/​mineral
  • iobenguane I-131
  • dolutegravir/rilpivirine
  • chlorhexidine topical
  • chlorhexidine oral
  • thyroid desiccated
  • proparacaine ophthalmic
  • podophyllum resin
  • phendimetrazine
  • phenoxybenzamine
  • polidocanol
  • phentermine and topiramate
  • piflufolastat F18
  • piperacillin/tazobactam
  • prednisolone and gentamicin ophthalmic
  • promethazine and codeine
  • poractant alfa
  • protamine sulfate
  • aflibercept intravitreal
  • prednicarbate
  • promethazine/dextromethorphan
  • codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazine
  • potassium phosphate
  • glatiramer acetate
  • gentamicin (Ophthalmic)
  • leniolisib
  • rezafungin
  • fluorometholone
  • dalfampridine
  • hydrocortisone topical 
  • empagliflozin and linagliptin
  • triamcinolone topical
  • minocycline topical
  • minocycline dental
  • ketotifen ophthalmic
  • darunavir and cobicistat
  • lidocaine topical
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin/lidocaine (OTC)
  • lidocaine/ hydrocortisone
  • lidocaine anesthetic
  • lidocaine ophthalmic
  • lidocaine/tetracaine
  • desonide
  • dabigatran
  • fexofenadine
  • fluoride
  • decitabine and cedazuridine
  • dasiglucagon
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic
  • epoetin alfa
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan
  • trimethobenzamide
  • dexamethasone/ tobramycin
  • tafasitamab
  • valacyclovir
  • mebendazole
  • levoleucovorin
  • flaxseed
  • germanium
  • glutathione
  • lycopene
  • pygeum
  • horseradish
  • ziv-aflibercept
  • micafungin
  • trofinetide
  • taliglucerase alfa
  • tildrakizumab
  • sulopenem (Pending FDA Approval)
  • thyrotropin alfa
  • birch
  • thrombin, topical
  • tivozanib
  • tafluprost
  • methohexital
  • urea and hydrocortisone
  • unoprostone ophthalmic
  • trihexyphenidyl
  • ezetimibe
  • evolocumab
  • trifluridine and tipiracil
  • methenamine
  • misoprostol
  • miltefosine
  • rimantadine
  • maralixibat
  • coenzyme Q10
  • chlorella
  • garlic
  • forskolin
  • zavegepant
  • menotropins
  • margetuximab
  • meprobamate
  • melarsoprol
  • evening primrose oil
  • lemongrass
  • molindone
  • fenugreek
  • phytosterols
  • red yeast rice
  • uridine triacetate
  • tropicamide
  • incobotulinumtoxinA
  • Grape Seed Extract
  • carbachol ophthalmic
  • cosyntropin
  • cyclopentolate and phenylephrine
  • carteolol ophthalmic
  • pentazocine/naloxone
  • pentazocine/acetaminophen
  • casimersen
  • carisoprodol, aspirin, and codeine
  • carisoprodol
  • carboprost tromethamine
  • flurandrenolide
  • brinzolamide/brimonidine
  • betamethasone topical
  • omaveloxolone
  • bardoxolone
  • allogeneic processed thymus tissue
  • fluocinolone topical
  • tacrolimus topical
  • ruxolitnib topical
  • pimecrolimus topical
  • sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
  • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  • mitotane
  • elbasvir/​grazoprevir
  • wheat dextrin
  • vanadium
  • iron/folic acid/vitamin/mineral
  • molybdenum
  • sparsentan
  • velmanase alfa-tycv
  • pegcetacoplan
  • ferrous sulfate
  • cyclosporine ophthalmic
  • ferric pyrophosphate
  • ammonium lactate
  • etelcalcetide
  • iodoquinol
  • sucroferric oxyhydroxide
  • doxercalciferol
  • terconazole vaginal
  • cortisone
  • pyronaridine
  • tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic
  • tenapanor
  • tesamorelin
  • benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • nadolol and bendroflumethiazide
  • spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
  • COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA
  • atosiban
  • bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide
  • ephedrine/guaifenesin
  • clonidine/chlorthalidone
  • captopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan
  • candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • ciclesonide intranasal
  • cromolyn sodium ophthalmic
  • methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
  • valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene
  • moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • mometasone/intranasal
  • ofloxacin ophthalmic
  • cysteamine
  • metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/olmesartan
  • eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/telmisartan
  • hydrochlorothiazide/aliskiren
  • betamethasone/clotrimazole
  • telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • benazepril/amlodipine
  • bezlotoxumab
  • propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • bupropion/naltrexone
  • burosumab
  • acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution
  • bupivacaine and meloxicam
  • budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)
  • valerian
  • entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa
  • carbidopa/levodopa
  • calaspargase pegol
  • cabotegravir
  • cefixime
  • calfactant
  • brinzolamide
  • daprodustat
  • brimonidine and timolol
  • brodalumab
  • buprenorphine and naloxone
  • hydrocortisone acetic acid otic
  • butorphanol
  • butoconazole
  • adapalene and benzoyl peroxide
  • acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • midodrine
  • baloxavir marboxil
  • bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone topical
  • avatrombopag
  • glucagon
  • atenolol/chlorthalidone
  • adefovir
  • activated charcoal
  • avalglucosidase alfa
  • aclidinium and formoterol
  • iclaprim (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ampicillin/sulbactam
  • quinupristin/dalfopristin
  • lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir
  • acetaminophen and caffeine
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom
  • abacavir and lamivudine
  • anifrolumab
  • elacestrant
  • anidulafungin
  • acetohydroxamic acid
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • anthralin
  • pirtobrutinib
  • gabapentin
  • galsulfase
  • gadoterate meglumine
  • ferric gluconate
  • ferric derisomaltose
  • ethanolamine oleate
  • eteplirsen
  • vasopressin
  • desmopressin
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
  • ecallantide
  • econazole topical
  • dornase alfa
  • aspirin/dipyridamole
  • dipyridamole
  • difenoxin and atropine
  • diflorasone
  • difluprednate ophthalmic
  • eptinezumab
  • diethylpropion
  • dexchlorpheniramine
  • dexmethylphenidate
  • serdexmethylphenidate/​dexmethylphenidate
  • bexagliflozin
  • galcanezumab
  • fremanezumab
  • tapinarof topical
  • darifenacin
  • dalbavancin
  • darbepoetin alfa
  • azilsartan
  • colestipol
  • corticorelin
  • crotamiton
  • crofelemer
  • allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/fibroblasts in bovine collagen
  • tapentadol
  • cyclopentolate
  • polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • ketoconazole topical
  • tavaborole
  • tagraxofusp
  • crisaborole
  • crizanlizumab
  • satralizumab
  • spinosad
  • sacubitril/valsartan
  • sargramostim
  • sebelipase alfa
  • regadenoson
  • ribociclib/letrozole
  • ragweed allergen extract
  • radium-223 dichloride
  • secnidazole
  • setmelanotide
  • polycarbophil
  • plecanatide
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • pertuzumab
  • pertuzumab/trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • pamidronate
  • halcinonide
  • glecaprevir/​pibrentasvir
  • glucarpidase
  • golodirsen
  • dextrose (antidote)
  • hexaminolevulinate
  • iohexol
  • ferric citrate
  • elapegademase
  • emicizumab
  • erenumab
  • danaparoid
  • dantrolene
  • eflapegrastim
  • edaravone
  • amcinonide
  • carglumic acid
  • alcaftadine ophthalmic
  • agalsidase beta
  • afamelanotide
  • fosdenopterin
  • lidocaine and chlorhexidine
  • levorphanol
  • calcifediol
  • factor VIIa, recombinant
  • triheptanoin
  • peanut oral allergen powder
  • teprotumumab
  • poly-L-lactic acid/carboxymethylcellulose/mannitol
  • xenon Xe 129 hyperpolarized
  • ublituximab
  • anacaulase
  • glatiramer
  • peginterferon beta-1a
  • interferon beta-1a
  • onabotulinumtoxinA
  • cycloserine
  • ethionamide
  • cabotegravir and rilpivirine
  • vericiguat
  • omidenepag isopropyl
  • azelastine/fluticasone intranasal
  • benzyl peroxide
  • vutrisiran
  • brimonidine
  • testosterone topical
  • lenacapavir
  • tebentafusp
  • mosunetuzumab
  • faricimab
  • ganirelix
  • nadofaragene firadenovec
  • ozenoxacin
  • guaifenesin
  • adagrasib
  • guselkumab
  • adalimumab-aacf
  • nonoxynol-9
  • nifurtimox
  • nusinersen
  • nitazoxanide
  • mavacamten
  • calcipotriene
  • bimatoprost
  • obinutuzumab
  • amifostine
  • oxycodone/​aspirin
  • oxycodone/ibuprofen
  • oteseconazole
  • oxychlorosene
  • porfimer
  • pramoxine /hydrocortisone topical
  • podofilox
  • quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom/pyrilamine
  • levobunolol
  • paregoric
  • idursulfase
  • lesinurad and allopurinol
  • latanoprost/​netarsudil ophthalmic
  • lactase enzyme
  • bioadherent oral
  • latanoprost and timolol
  • latanoprostene bunod
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • hemin
  • deucravacitinib
  • house dust mite allergen extract
  • halobetasol topical/tazarotene
  • remimazolam
  • somatropin
  • remifentanil
  • ethotoin
  • etidronate
  • empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin
  • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir AF
  • empagliflozin/​linagliptin
  • evinacumab
  • finasteride and tadalafil
  • flortaucipir (18F)
  • proparacaine/ fluorescein ophthalmic
  • fluorescein/benoxinate ophthalmic
  • fluphenazine
  • alogliptin/​metformin
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • alitretinoin topical
  • dextrose/ sodium citrate/fructose
  • dasabuvir
  • ombitasvir​/paritaprevir/​ritonavir
  • hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • hydroxyamphetamine/​tropicamide
  • acamprosate
  • gadobutrol
  • teclistamab
  • tremelimumab
  • futibatinib
  • etranacogene dezaparvovec
  • olutasidenib
  • naproxen and diphenhydramine
  • naratriptan
  • gadopiclenol
  • gadoxetate
  • gadoversetamide
  • naphazoline/pheniramine
  • naphazoline
  • nalbuphine
  • vosoritide
  • vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
  • moxidectin
  • basiliximab
  • fecal microbiota, live-jslm
  • ibuprofen/famotidine
  • famotidine
  • raxibacumab
  • omalizumab
  • measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
  • senna/docusate
  • dinoprostone
  • measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
  • immune globulin IM (IGIM)
  • dyclonine
  • doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
  • ivacaftor/tezacaftor
  • treosulfan
  • tranexamic acid
  • norethindrone acetate/​estradiol/​elagolix
  • artesunate
  • trientine
  • trifarotene
  • ziconotide
  • vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
  • pyrithione zinc
  • zinc oxide topical
  • naphazoline/​zinc sulfate/​glycerin ophthalmic
  • voretigene neparvovec
  • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
  • bebetelovimab
  • sodium chloride
  • relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
  • defibrotide
  • prothionamide
  • liraglutide
  • etilfrine
  • alpha-lipoic acid
  • ramosetron
  • olodaterol/tritropium
  • cimetropium
  • umeclidinium
  • itopride
  • secretin
  • naftopidil
  • trimeprazine
  • benperidol
  • chlormethiazole
  • multivitamins
  • secukinumab
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterol
  • amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
  • tirzepatide
  • relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
  • mupirocin
  • alvimopan
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • insulin regular human
  • insulin aspart protamine/​insulin aspart
  • insulin isophane human/​insulin regular human
  • insulin degludec/insulin aspart
  • teplizumab
  • chlordiazepoxide/clidinium
  • aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid
  • aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • olodaterol/tiotropium
  • umeclidinium bromide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • travoprost ophthalmic
  • loxapine
  • eptifibatide
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • trandolapril/​verapamil
  • abciximab
  • artificial saliva
  • diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine
  • diphtheria, haemophilus B, pertussis, polio, tetanus vaccine
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine/hepatitis b vaccine
  • butalbital/aspirin/caffeine 
  • colchicine/probenecid
  • atovaquone and proguanil
  • ursodiol
  • chenodiol
  • casirivimab/imdevimab
  • tixagevimab/cilgavimab
  • molnupiravir
  • bebtelovimab
  • calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybate
  • sodium oxybate
  • diphtheria, polio, pertussis acellular, tetanus vaccine
  • pseudoephedrine loratadine
  • sodium chloride nasal
  • hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • atorvastatin and ezetimibe
  • teriparatide
  • alendronate and cholecalciferol
  • alprostadil (IV)
  • romosozumab
  • risedronate
  • alendronate
  • glyburide/metformin
  • clorazepate
  • rosuvastatin/​ezetimibe
  • paclitaxel/encequidar
  • valsartan/amlodipine
  • enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • enalapril and felodipine
  • amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
  • triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
  • lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • tegaserod
  • rhein
  • ritanserin
  • sulfaphenazole
  • sulconazole
  • taurursodiol
  • bromeperidol
  • carbapenems
  • fotemustine
  • difelikefalin
  • bromopride
  • alizapride
  • olopatadine
  • oxomemazine
  • paraldehyde
  • oxcarbazepine
  • kratom
  • elexacaftor
  • oritavancin
  • miocamycin
  • curcumin sulfate
  • seproxetine
  • clotrimazole
  • remacemide
  • piperine
  • ditiocarb
  • danoprevir
  • oxetacaine
  • topiroxostat
  • indisulam
  • tofisopam
  • noscapine
  • thiopental
  • tioconazole
  • nicotinamide
  • rutin
  • mequitazine
  • somatostatin
  • vapreotide
  • econazole
  • saracatinib
  • lestaurtinib
  • efonidipine
  • zimelidine
  • indalpine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • benidipine
  • dapoxetine
  • tesmilifene
  • pergolide
  • sitaxentan
  • resveratrol
  • bifonazole
  • tildipirosin
  • solithromycin
  • selamectin
  • imiquimod topical
  • fluorouracil topical
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • interferon alfa-2b
  • alteplase
  • tanshinone I
  • rosmarinic acid
  • caryophyllene
  • ursolic acid
  • cepharanthine
  • veliflapon
  • mirikizumab
  • cp-96345
  • famprofazone
  • peoniflorin
  • fepradinol
  • licofelone
  • polmacoxib
  • ebselen
  • taxifolin
  • betulinic acid
  • flurbiprofen axetil
  • talniflumate
  • morniflumate
  • nitroaspirin
  • firocoxib
  • ns-398
  • cimicoxib
  • robenacoxib
  • sc-236
  • imidazole salicylate
  • trolamine salicylate
  • pirprofen
  • benorilate
  • ethenzamide
  • mofebutazone
  • proquazone
  • carbaspirin calcium
  • guacetisal
  • proglumetacin
  • propyphenazone
  • pranoprofen
  • bendazac
  • tenidap
  • lonazolac
  • nifenazone
  • flunoxaprofen
  • difenpiramide
  • feprazone
  • bufexamac
  • alminoprofen
  • suxibuzone
  • fentiazac
  • tinoridine
  • tepoxalin
  • indobufen
  • flunixin
  • propacetamol
  • clonixin
  • droxicam
  • epirizole
  • etofenamate
  • ibuproxam
  • indoprofen
  • kebuzone
  • felbinac
  • zaltoprofen
  • azapropazone
  • zomepirac
  • niflumic acid
  • magnesium salicylate
  • suprofen
  • nepafenac
  • bromfenac
  • ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone (otic) (Rx)
  • hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin otic (Rx)
  • vigabatrine
  • valproate
  • tezepelumab (Rx)
  • triamcinolone acetonide/nystatin
  • triamcinolone suprachoroidal (Rx)
  • triamcinolone, intranasal
  • ciclesonide inhaled
  • diosmin
  • tirbanibulin
  • padeliporfin
  • roxadustat
  • aminosalicylic acid
  • rasburicase
  • tetracaine
  • articaine
  • ropivacaine
  • nitrous oxide
  • sulfapyridine
  • sulfanilamide
  • mafenide
  • isometheptene
  • amyl nitrite
  • antipyrine
  • isosorbide dinitrate
  • prilocaine
  • nitroglycerin
  • tobacco
  • batefenterol
  • hexoprenaline
  • pf-00610355
  • racepinephrine
  • protokylol
  • doxofylline
  • phenylpropanolamine
  • isoetharine
  • ephedra sinica root
  • dipivefrin
  • arbutamine
  • norepinephrine
  • fenoterol
  • clenbuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • epinephrine
  • ritodrine
  • procaterol
  • orciprenaline
  • bitolterol
  • abediterol
  • fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium and vilanterol
  • fluticasone furoate and vilanterol
  • mometasone and formoterol
  • pramoxine topical (OTC)
  • menthol/pramoxine (topical)
  • tetrastarch
  • plasma protein fraction
  • hetastarch
  • rokitamycin
  • ridaforolimus
  • oleandomycin
  • patupilone
  • mitemcinal
  • midecamycin
  • mirvetuximab soravtansine
  • lorvotuzumab mertansine
  • kitasamycin
  • flurithromycin
  • eprinomectin
  • epofolate
  • epothilone D
  • coltuximab ravtansine
  • dirithromycin
  • doramectin
  • cethromycin
  • carbomycin
  • paramethasone
  • dexamethasone isonicotinate
  • quinupristin
  • sarilumab
  • dalfopristin
  • curcumin
  • luliconazole
  • procaine
  • chloroprocaine
  • phencyclidine
  • tenocyclidine
  • profenamine
  • halothane
  • lfenprodil
  • calcium levulinate
  • agmatine
  • calcium pangamate
  • calcium glubionate
  • edodekin alfa
  • beloranib
  • aflibercept
  • endostar
  • volociximab
  • roquinimex
  • anecortave acetate
  • squalamine
  • brolucizumab
  • trebananib
  • semaxanib
  • endostatin
  • halofuginone
  • resveratol
  • ranibizumab
  • fumagilin
  • bevacizumab
  • hyperforin
  • aminohippuric acid
  • opicapone
  • pafolacianine
  • bempedoic acid
  • belantamab mafodotin
  • prasterone
  • glecaprevir
  • levomenol
  • parachlorophenol
  • gadoxetic acid
  • cholecystokinin
  • caspofungin
  • ouabain
  • rifampicin
  • taurocholic acid
  • methylphosphinic acid
  • revefenacin
  • isoprenaline
  • posiphen
  • acotiamide
  • triflupromazine
  • pegvisomant
  • pipecuronium
  • regramostim
  • phenserine
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • cinchocaine
  • pancuronium
  • bambuterol
  • hexafluronium
  • aprotinin
  • tyrothricin
  • decamethonium
  • ipidacrine
  • tubocurarine
  • paraoxon
  • ginkgo biloba
  • methanesulfonyl fluoride
  • dichlorvos
  • fenthion
  • metrifonate
  • coumaphos
  • huperzine A
  • distigmine
  • neostigmine
  • isoflurophate
  • tasosartan
  • fimasartan
  • methylthioninium
  • minaprine
  • gallamine triethiodide
  • ambenonium
  • abiraterone
  • mibefradil
  • hydrocortisone (systemic)
  • cetirizine (systemic)
  • Talimogene Laherparepvec
  • Diacerein
  • Magnesium glucoheptonate
  • acyclovir and hydrocortisone
  • acyclovir (ophthalmic)
  • acyclovir (topical)
  • docosanol cream
  • camphor and phenol
  • dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine
  • peramivir
  • lisdexamfetamine
  • ergoloid mesylates
  • memantine/donepezil
  • tranylcypromine
  • isocarboxazid
  • methenamine/sodium salicylate/benzoic acid
  • mometasone topical (Rx)
  • Esketamine intranasal
  • Oracit
  • Shohls Solution
  • sodium lactate
  • sodium citrate
  • lecanemab
  • donepezil (Rx)
  • donepezil transdermal
  • sodium thiosulfate
  • ciclopirox
  • undecylenic acid
  • butenafine
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • zoledronic acid
  • calcitonin salmon
  • pizotifen
  • indoramin
  • salicylic acid acne
  • minoxidil topical
  • adapalene
  • orlistat
  • COVID-19 subunit vaccine
  • amoxicillin /vonoprazan
  • levamlodipine (Rx)
  • Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • simvastatin/ezetimibe
  • amlodipine/atorvastatin
  • amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
  • lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • noradrenaline
  • carbaryl
  • botulinum toxin
  • atropine
  • artemether/lumefantrine
  • ergonovine
  • bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
  • ibalizumab
  • dolutegravir
  • hydrocodone/pseudoephedrine
  • cetirizine/pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
  • acetaminophen IV/ibuprofen IV (Pending FDA Approval)
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • acetaminophen/caffeine
  • Acetaminophen/magnesium salicylate/pamabrom
  • megestrol
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
  • folic acid-cyanocobalamin-pyridoxine
  • L-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
  • estropipate
  • betamethasone (systemic)
  • dolutegravir and lamivudine
  • zidovudine and lamivudine
  • mineral oil (oral/rectal)
  • regular insulin
  • dextromethorphan/bupropion
  • diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
  • enfuvirtide
  • doxapram
  • methamphetamine
  • dextroamphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
  • aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • acetaminophen, pheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
  • guaifenesin and phenylephrine
  • rivastigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • arecoline
  • physostigmine
  • abobotulinumtoxinA
  • echothiophate iodide
  • malathion
  • glibenclamide
  • rimabotulinumtoxinB
  • pioglitazone
  • daxibotulinumtoxinA
  • prabotulinumtoxinA
  • mepenzolate
  • trospium
  • modafinil
  • budesonide (oral inhalation)
  • budesonide (nasal)
  • budesonide (Topical)
  • vedolizumab
  • hydrocodone and homatropine
  • homatropine ophthalmic
  • methscopolamine
  • oxandrolone
  • nandrolone
  • fluoxymesterone
  • procyclidine
  • biperiden
  • benztropine
  • oxymetholone
  • ipratropium
  • belladonna/opium
  • pilocarpine
  • nicotine intranasal
  • succinylcholine
  • cromolyn sodium
  • mepolizumab
  • palivizumab
  • reslizumab
  • dupilumab
  • potassium iodide
  • beclomethasone (nasal)
  • tetrahydrozoline nasal
  • fluticasone (topical)
  • tecovirimat
  • entacapone
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
  • smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
  • terazosin
  • labetalol 
  • smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (live, nonreplicating) (US: Availability limited to health department/CDC expanded access protocol) (Rx)
  • oxymetazoline
  • xylometazoline
  • meclizine
  • prazosin
  • belinostat
  • nabilone
  • tripelennamine
  • bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
  • levalbuterol
  • rifaximin
  • cotrimoxazole
  • ethacrynic acid
  • senna
  • bisacodyl
  • sodium picosulfate, citric acid, and magnesium oxide
  • kaolin
  • anastrozole
  • docusate
  • cascara
  • dichlorphenamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • methylcellulose
  • magnesium sulfate 
  • talazoparib
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • bacillus clausii
  • psyllium
  • bifidobacterium
  • lactobacillus
  • saccharomyces boulardii
  • lanreotide
  • cyproterone
  • ramucirumab (Rx)
  • fidaxomicin
  • tobramycin (systemic)
  • dacomitinib
  • pembrolizumab
  • amikacin (systemic)
  • panitumumab
  • blinatumomab
  • durvalumab
  • olaratumab
  • necitumumab
  • moxetumomab pasudotox
  • mogamulizumab
  • inotuzumab
  • dinutuximab
  • pentamycin
  • dibekacin
  • cemiplimab
  • gemtuzumab
  • demeclocycline
  • omadacycline
  • tobramycin (ophthalmic)
  • sarecycline
  • cefiderocol
  • valrubicin
  • plicamycin
  • denileukin diftitox
  • decitabine
  • niraparib
  • methacholine
  • carbachol
  • bethanechol
  • acetylcholine
  • atezolizumab
  • raloxifene
  • avelumab
  • leucovorin
  • cladabrine
  • pralatrexate
  • meclofenamate
  • pemetrexed
  • ustekinumab
  • diroximel fumarate
  • daratumumab
  • coccidioidin skin test
  • candida albicans extract
  • brewer’s yeast
  • poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • elotuzumab
  • trimetrexate
  • l-methyl folate
  • methyclothiazide
  • Influenza virus vaccine
  • acitretin
  • tafamidis
  • sapropterin
  • Pidotimod
  • nitisinone
  • mipomersen
  • levetiracetam
  • Inebilizumab
  • Diethylamine salicylate
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Cephalothin
  • alitretinoin
  • Alitretinoin
  • methotrexate
  • verteporfin
  • omacetaxine
  • methyl aminolevulinate topical
  • efgartigimod alfa
  • aminolevulinic acid
  • cetuximab
  • streptozocin
  • zoster vaccine recombinant
  • lyme disease vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine
  • daclizumab
  • lomustiine
  • amitriptyline
  • triptorelin
  • Tedizolid
  • rituximab
  • darolutamide
  • altretamine
  • Varicella-zoster vaccine
  • topotecan
  • ajmaline
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • poliovirus vaccine
  • adenovirus vaccine type 7
  • adenovirus vaccine type 4
  • brincidofovir
  • lenograstim
  • ofatumumab
  • doxorubicin
  • thioguanine
  • tetanus toxoid
  • primidone
  • lipegfilgrastim
  • pegaspargase
  • monomethyl fumarate
  • ibritumomab
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant)
  • influenza virus vaccine, h5n1, live
  • carmustine
  • influenza virus vaccine (h5n1), adjuvanted
  • influenza a (h5n1) vaccine
  • eluxadoline
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
  • idecabtagene vicleucel
  • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
  • thiotepa
  • tocilizumab
  • levodopa inhaled
  • efalizumab
  • canakinumab
  • aminoglutethimide
  • ado-trastuzumab emtansine
  • adenovirus vaccine
  • zoster vaccine live
  • typhoid vaccine, live
  • influenza virus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine, h1n1, live
  • delavirdine
  • paclitaxel
  • siltuximab
  • miconazole
  • fludarabine
  • epirubicin
  • vinblastine
  • lomustine
  • risankizumab
  • rilonacept
  • pacritinib
  • linezolid
  • griseofulvin
  • vincristine
  • rufinamide
  • phenobarbital
  • nelarabine
  • mitoxantrone
  • mitomycin
  • mitapivat
  • letermovir
  • lasmiditan
  • idarubicin
  • filgrastim
  • elagolix
  • daunorubicin
  • daclatasvir
  • carfilzomib
  • anakinra
  • alefacept
  • thalidomide
  • teriflunomide
  • rubella virus vaccine
  • ozanimod
  • mumps virus vaccine
  • measles virus vaccine
  • golimumab
  • etanercept
  • certolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • etoposide
  • mechlorethamine
  • adenovirus type 7 vaccine
  • melphalan
  • palifermin
  • pimecrolimus
  • ropeginterferon alfa 2b
  • tacrolimus
  • tofacitinib
  • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
  • amphotericin B deoxycholate
  • amphotericin B liposomal
  • amphotericin B phospholipid complex
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed
  • denosumab
  • diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
  • echinacea
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
  • hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
  • hepatitis a/b vaccine
  • hepatitis b vaccine
  • HIV vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
  • hydroxyurea
  • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1)
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
  • meningococcal group B vaccine
  • ofatumumab SC
  • pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
  • pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
  • pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
  • poliovirus vaccine inactivated
  • rabies vaccine
  • sipuleucel-T
  • trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab deruxtecan
  • eslicarbazepine acetate
  • vitamin A
  • rifampin
  • belzutifan
  • belimumab
  • belatacept
  • armodafinil
  • amobarbital
  • alemtuzumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • nivolumab
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • desogestrel
  • butalbital
  • brexanolone
  • zoster vaccine
  • yellow fever vaccine
  • varicella virus vaccine
  • smallpox vaccine
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • rubella vaccine
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
  • atracurium
  • dengue vaccine
  • tisagenlecleucel
  • lisocabtagene maraleucel
  • ciltacabtagene autoleucel
  • brexucabtagene autoleucel
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel
  • chlorambucil
  • ethinyl estradiol
  • dicumarol
  • atenolol
  • anisindione
  • penicillin G benzathine
  • sequelerin
  • chloramphenicol
  • heparin
  • enoxaparin
  • dalteparin
  • bivalirudin
  • argatroban
  • willow bark
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • aspirin rectal
  • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
  • aspirin
  • ganaxolone
  • erythromycin stearate
  • erythromycin lactobionate
  • erythromycin ethylsuccinate
  • elbasvir/grazoprevir
  • daridorexant
  • cholera vaccine
  • lumacaftor/ivacaftor
  • dienogest/estradiol valerate
  • zafirlukast
  • urofollitropin
  • tralokinumab
  • torsemide
  • tazarotene
  • pseudoephedrine
  • propoxiphene napsylate
  • propoxiphene hydrochloride
  • oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
  • oxymetazoline hydrochloride
  • naxitamab
  • nandrolone decanoate
  • methylphenidate
  • methocarbamol
  • idoxuridine
  • hyaluronidase
  • hyaluronic acid
  • gonadoreline hydrochloride
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  • daunorubicin hydrochloride
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  • dapsone
  • dantrolene sodium
  • danazol
  • dalafampridine
  • dalbavancin Hydrochloride
  • daclatasvir dihydrochloride
  • dactinomycin
  • dacitabine
  • cefiderocol sulfate tosylate
  • butoconazole nitrate
  • benralizumab (Rx)
  • albuterol
  • acetylcysteine
  • acebutolol
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  • pirfenidone
  • tiopronin
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  • ferrous bisglycinate
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  • ferrous fumarate
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  • ferrous gluconate
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  • ferrous succinate
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  • ferrous sulfate anhydrous
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  • abiraterone
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  • tobramycin (oral inhalation)
  • acalabrutinib
  • choline c 11
  • ferumoxytol
  • lurasidone
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  • tocainide
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  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • fesoterodine
  • lurbinectedin
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  • tocofersolan
  • aceclofenac
  • choline salicylate
  • fexinidazole
  • lynestrenol
  • pomalidomide
  • tocopherol
  • acemetacin
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • finasteride
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  • ponatinib
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  • chromic chloride
  • finerenone (Rx)
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  • ponesimod
  • tolazamide
  • acetaminophen
  • chromic nitrate
  • fish oil
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  • posaconazole
  • tolbutamide
  • acetazolamide
  • chromium
  • flavoxate
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • tolcapone
  • acetohexamide
  • chromium gluconate
  • flecainide
  • magnesium carbonate
  • potassium acetate
  • tolfenamic acid
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  • chromium nicotinate
  • flibanserin
  • magnesium chloride
  • potassium bicarbonate
  • tolmetin
  • acipimox
  • chromous sulfate
  • floctafenine
  • magnesium citrate
  • potassium cation
  • tolterodine
  • aclidinium
  • ciclesonide
  • florbetaben (18f)
  • magnesium gluconate
  • potassium chloride
  • tolvaptan
  • acrivastine
  • cidofovir
  • florbetapir (18f)
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • potassium citrate
  • topiramate
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  • magnesium oxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • adefovir dipivoxil
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  • potassium perchlorate
  • torasemide
  • adenosine
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  • potassium sulfate
  • toremifene
  • agomelatine
  • cinacalcet
  • flucytosine
  • magnesium trisilicate
  • tositumomab
  • albendazole
  • cinnarizine
  • fludeoxyglucose (18f)
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  • pralidoxime
  • trabectedin
  • albiglutide
  • cinoxacin
  • fludrocortisone
  • manidipine
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  • tramadol
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  • fluindione
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  • pramipexole
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  • cisapride
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  • flunarizine
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  • trazodone
  • alendronic acid
  • cladribine
  • flunisolide
  • mebeverine
  • prazepamb
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  • alfentanil
  • clarithromycin
  • flunitrazepam
  • mecamylamine
  • praziquantel
  • tretinoin
  • alfuzosin
  • clemastine
  • fluocinolone acetonide
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  • prednisolone
  • triamcinolone
  • alimemazine
  • clevidipine
  • fluocinonide
  • meclofenamic acid
  • prednisolone acetate
  • triamterene
  • aliskiren
  • clindamycin
  • fluocortolone
  • medrogestone
  • prednisolone phosphate
  • triazolam
  • allopurinol
  • clobazam
  • fluorouracil
  • medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • prednisone (Rx)
  • trichlormethiazide
  • almasilate
  • clobetasol propionate
  • fluoxetine
  • mefenamic acid
  • prednisone acetate
  • triclabendazole
  • almotriptan
  • clofarabine
  • flupentixol
  • mefloquine
  • pregabalin
  • triethylenetetramine
  • alogliptin
  • clofazimine
  • fluprednisolone
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  • pregnenolone
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  • prenylamine
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  • alpelisib
  • clomipramine
  • flurbiprofen
  • meloxicam
  • pretomanid
  • trilaciclib
  • alprazolam
  • fluspirilene
  • memantine
  • primaquine
  • trilostane
  • clonidine
  • flutamide
  • menthyl salicylate
  • probenecid
  • trimebutine
  • aluminium phosphate
  • clopidogrel
  • fluticasone (nasal)
captopril + 

olmesartan

may increase the adverse effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers

telmisartan

may increase the adverse effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers

amlodipine/olmesartan 

may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers

lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide 

may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers

sparsentan 

may enhance the hypotensive effect when combined with sparsentan

lanthanum carbonate 

may diminish the serum concentration when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

lithium citrate 

may enhance the serum concentration when combined with lithium

telmisartan

May enhances the effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism

ketoprofen 

may diminish the effects of ketoprofen by pharmacodynamic antagonism

indomethacin 

may diminish the effects of indomethacin by pharmacodynamic antagonism

sacubitril 

may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with sacubitril

almasilate

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

aluminum hydroxide

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

calcium carbonate

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

magaldrate

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

magnesium trisilicate

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

tanshinone I

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

rosmarinic acid

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

caryophyllene

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

ursolic acid

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

cepharanthine

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

azilsartan medoxomil

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

candesartan cilexetil

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

eprosartan

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

irbesartan

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

losartan

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

levalbuterol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

acebutolol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

timolol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

betaxolol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

bisoprolol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

hydrochlorothiazide

may enhance the hypotensive effect of ACE Inhibitors

metolazone

may enhance the hypotensive effect of ACE Inhibitors

quinethazone

may enhance the hypotensive effect of ACE Inhibitors

trichlormethiazide

may enhance the hypotensive effect of ACE Inhibitors

cyclopentolate

may reduce the therapeutic effect

pancuronium

may reduce the therapeutic effect

botulinum toxin

may reduce the therapeutic effect

atropine

may reduce the therapeutic effect

abobotulinumtoxinA

may reduce the therapeutic effect

mipomersen 

It may enhance the toxicity when combined with mipomersen

azathioprine

may enhance the risk of neutropenia

finerenone (Rx)

angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of finerenone

allopurinol

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the potential for allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol

diphenhydramine/ibuprofen

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

meclofenamate

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

aspirin

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

bumadizone

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

nabumetone

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

amiloride

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

eplerenone

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

alteplase

angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may increase the risk of adverse effects of alteplase

insulin degludec/insulin aspart 

may diminish the effects of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism

icatibant 

icatibant may reduce the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors

amiloride

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

canrenoic acid

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

eplerenone

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

spironolactone

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

triamterene

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

dalteparin 

may increase the anti-coagulant action of anti-coagulants

aspirin/dipyridamole 

may increase the nephrotoxic effect of salicylates

tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic 

may diminish the antihypertensive activity when combined

allopurinol 

may have an increased allergic or hypersensitivity reactions when combined with allopurinol

aprotinin 

may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

dapoxetine 

may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

everolimus 

may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

magnesium salicylate 

may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of salicylates

heparin 

may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate 

may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Drospirenone-Containing Products

nabilone

when used in combination, nabilone and captopril both increase the effect of each other

Frequency Defined 

>10% 

Hyperkalemia (1-11%)  

1-10% 

Skin rash (4-7%)  

Hypotension (1-2.5%)  

Dysgeusia (2-4%)  

Pruritus (2%)  

Chest pain (1%)  

Hypersensitivity rxns (4-7%)  

Cough (0.5-2%)  

Palpitations (1%)  

Tachycardia (1%)  

Proteinuria (1%)  

Frequency Not Defined 

Orthostatic hypotension  

Cardiac arrest  

Ataxia  

Depression  

Confusion  

Somnolence  

Photosensitivity  

Angioedema  

 

 

Black Box Warning 

The black box warning for captopril, a medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, states that the drug can cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions, including angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat).

The warning also advises that captopril should not be used in patients with a history of angioedema or hypersensitivity to the drug. In addition, the black box warning for captopril notes that the drug can cause fetal harm when used during pregnancy and advises that it should be avoided in pregnant women or women who may become pregnant. 

 

Contraindications: 

  • Hypersensitivity to captopril or any other component of the medication 
  • Pregnancy (can cause fetal harm or death) 
  • Breastfeeding (may be excreted in breast milk and can harm a nursing infant) 

Cautions: 

  • Renal impairment (dose adjustment may be needed) 
  • Hepatic impairment (dose adjustment may be needed) 
  • History of angioedema (risk of recurrent angioedema) 
  • Dehydration (risk of hypotension) 
  • Elderly patients (risk of hypotension and electrolyte abnormalities) 
  • Use with other medications that lower blood pressure (increased risk of hypotension) 
  • Use with medications that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (increased risk of hypotension and electrolyte abnormalities) 

 

Pregnancy warnings:     

US FDA pregnancy category: C; D in 2nd & 3rd trimesters 

Lactation:   

Excreted into human milk is known  

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.   

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category 

 

 

Pharmacology: 

captopril is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors). It is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart failure, as well as to prevent kidney damage in individuals with diabetes or hypertension. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which means it works by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure and constricts blood vessels. By inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin, I to angiotensin II, captopril causes blood vessels to relax and blood pressure to decrease. 

captopril also increases the production of bradykinin, which is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate and reduces inflammation. captopril is primarily used to treat hypertension, but it can also be used to treat heart failure, kidney disease, and myocardial infarction.  

The pharmacodynamics of captopril may be affected by certain factors such as age, weight, kidney function, and other medications being taken. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption  

It is absorbed rapidly after oral administration   

Distribution  

Reaches peak plasma concentrations within 1-2 hours. The bioavailability of captopril is low, around 10-20%, due to a high degree of first-pass metabolism in the liver.  

Metabolism  

captopril is metabolized in the liver by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) to its active form, enalaprilat. Enalaprilat is highly protein bound, primarily to albumin.  

Elimination and excretion 

captopril is eliminated from the body primarily through the kidneys via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. The half-life of captopril is 1-2 hours, while the half-life of enalaprilat is 4-6 hours.  

 

 

Administration: 

Oral administration: 

captopril is an oral medication that is typically taken 1-3 times a day. It should be taken with food to help prevent stomach irritation. The dosage will depend on the patient’s blood pressure, kidney function, and other factors. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and schedule as directed by a healthcare provider.   

Missed dose: 

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular schedule should be resumed. It is important not to take extra doses of captopril or to change the dosage without consulting a healthcare provider.   

Storage: 

captopril should be stored at room temperature and kept out of reach of children.  

 

 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: captopril  

Why do we use captopril? 

captopril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. It belongs to a class of medications called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which work by blocking the production of a hormone called angiotensin II. Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure, so by blocking its production, captopril helps to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. captopril may also be used to prevent kidney damage in people with diabetes and to treat kidney disorders caused by a protein called lupus nephritis. 

 

 

ADVERTISEMENT 

captopril

Brand Name :

Captoril, Capoten

Synonyms :

captopril

Class :

ACE Inhibitors




No data available for drug.

Dosage Forms & Strengths 

Tablet  

12.5mg  

25mg  

50mg  

100mg  

 

 

Dosage Forms & Strengths 

Tablet  

12.5mg  

25mg  

50mg  

100mg  

 

 

Refer to adult dosing 

 

 

DRUG INTERACTION

captopril

&

  • interferon beta 1b
  • tetracaine/oxymetazoline intranasal
  • benzocaine oropharyngeal
  • benzalkonium chloride/menthol/petrolatum topical
  • inamrinone
  • alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
  • potassium bicarbonate/potassium citrate
  • potassium phosphate/sodium acid phosphate
  • asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi recombinant
  • motixafortide
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  • Rho(D) immune globulin
  • tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
  • reltecimod (pending FDA approval)
  • avasopasem
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  • naphazoline ophthalmic
  • sulfacetamide topical
  • sirolimus intravitreal (pending FDA approval)
  • sirolimus protein bound
  • sirolimus topical
  • glycopyrronium tosylate topical
  • sofpironium
  • olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide
  • dovitinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • epinephrine inhaled
  • quizartinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ranibizumab intravitreal injection
  • sodium hyaluronate
  • bacitracin and lidocaine topical
  • brimonidine topical
  • benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin topical
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  • acetaminophen/caffeine/pyrilamine
  • fentanyl transmucosal
  • bacitracin topical
  • buprenorphine,long-acting injection
  • buprenorphine buccal
  • nalmefene intranasal
  • sulbactam/durlobactam
  • metronidazole topical 
  • daratumumab/hyaluronidase
  • glofitamab
  • rituximab-hyaluronidase
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate
  • loncastuximab tesirine
  • ingenol mebutate topical
  • momelotinib
  • trastuzumab/deruxtecan
  • trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • trastuzumab duocarmazine
  • lifileucel
  • umbralisib
  • eflornithine/sulindac
  • cytarabine/daunorubicin liposomal
  • doxorubicin liposomal
  • epcoritamab
  • lanadelumab  
  • esomeprazole/naproxen 
  • terbinafine topical
  • ravulizumab
  • clotrimazole topical
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  • tacrolimus ointment
  • mechlorethamine topical
  • donislecel
  • pozelimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • rabies immune globulin, human (RIG)
  • melphalan flufenamide
  • sintilimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • oportuzumab monatox (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sotorasib
  • irinotecan liposomal
  • sulfur topical
  • silver sulfadiazine
  • capsaicin transdermal
  • sutimlimab
  • tretinoin topical
  • acetaminophen rectal
  • menthol topical
  • naftifine
  • oatmeal, colloidal topical
  • oxiconazole
  • methylsalicylate/menthol topical
  • C1 inhibitor human
  • lifitegrast ophthalmic
  • prednisolone/sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • mannitol inhalation
  • ofloxacin otic
  • petrolatum & mineral oil topical
  • clascoterone topical
  • gefapixant (Pending FDA Approval)
  • colesevelam
  • technetium Tc 99m succimer
  • nebivolol/valsartan
  • ciprofloxacin/fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • finafloxacin otic
  • magnesium hydroxide/mineral oil
  • phenylephrine/mineral oil/petrolatum rectal
  • carbamide peroxide oral
  • atropine ophthalmic
  • sodium sulfacetamide/sulfur
  • sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • lucinactant
  • benzonatate
  • besifloxacin ophthalmic
  • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • beractant
  • trimagnesium citrate anhydrous
  • vitamin b2
  • carbamide peroxide otic
  • mineral oil topical
  • ethyl alcohol intranasal
  • boric acid/alcohol otic
  • absorbable gelatin compressed sponge, USP
  • absorbable gelatin sponge, USP
  • vincristine liposomal
  • technetium Tc 99m albumin aggregated injection
  • metaproterenol
  • budesonide inhaled/formoterol/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • epinephrine racemic
  • umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled
  • indacaterol, inhaled/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • betaine  
  • laronidase 
  • estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            
  • cerliponase alfa
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  • hawthorn
  • shepherd’s purse
  • thiamine
  • naphazoline/glycerin ophthalmic
  • oxymetazoline ophthalmic
  • dorzolamide
  • dexamethasone intraocular
  • dexamethasone/ciprofloxacin
  • dexamethasone ophthalmic
  • metipranolol ophthalmic
  • timolol ophthalmic
  • boron
  • fezolinetant
  • pegunigalsidase alfa-iwxj
  • biotin
  • pantothenic acid
  • silicon
  • sodium acid phosphate
  • hypochlorous acid topical
  • methenamine/sodium acid phosphate
  • aviptadil 
  • bremelanotide
  • glucagon intranasal
  • metformin and repaglinide
  • bai ji
  • pau d’arco
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  • quercetin
  • rosemary
  • sheng di huang
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  • parsley
  • rose hips
  • tongkat ali
  • horny goat weed
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  • insulin NPH
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  • green tea
  • sea cucumber
  • wheat germ extract
  • fenofibrate micronized 
  • rogisen
  • danshen
  • lutein
  • witch hazel
  • dextroamphetamine transdermal
  • amphetamine/dextroamphetamine
  • hoodia
  • kolanut
  • boswellia
  • opuntia ficus indica
  • lavender
  • nadh
  • tea tree oil
  • metformin/sitagliptin 
  • dapagliflozin/ metformin/saxagliptin  
  • antihemophilic factor recombinant
  • inclisiran
  • bempedoic acid/ezetimibe
  • volanesorsen  
  • omega 3 carboxylic acids
  • pericyazine
  • levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)
  • betaxolol ophthalmic
  • respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, adjuvanted
  • phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
  • alirocumab
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/gramicidin ophthalmic
  • factor IX
  • gentamicin topical
  • ansofaxine (Pending FDA Approval)
  • zuranolone (Pending FDA Approval)
  • factor IX, recombinant
  • factor IX complex
  • factor XIII A-subunit, recombinant
  • factor X, human
  • mesalamine rectal
  • etrasimod
  • anti-inhibitor coagulant complex
  • factor IX, recombinant/albumin fusion protein
  • fibrinogen, human
  • aminocaproic acid
  • metyrosine
  • nonoxynol-9 vaginal
  • progesterone intravaginal gel
  • ipecac syrup
  • botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent
  • pentetate calcium trisodium
  • crotalidae polyvalent immune FAB (ovine)
  • dehydrated alcohol injection 
  • gold sodium thiomalate (Discontinued)
  • lactic acid/citric acid/potassium bitartrate vaginal
  • von Willebrand factor, recombinant
  • luspatercept
  • digoxin immune FAB (Antidote)
  • crotalidae immune FAB (equine)
  • magnesium (Antidote)
  • pyridoxine (Antidote)
  • edetate calcium disodium
  • albumin IV
  • nitroglycerin sublingual
  • obiltoxaximab
  • anthrax immune globulin
  • nitroglycerin topical
  • dextrose
  • nesiritide
  • estradiol vaginal
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • botulism immune globulin iv
  • amoxicillin/omeprazole/rifabutin
  • synthetic human angiotensin II
  • nitroglycerin IV
  • nitroglycerin translingual
  • nitroprusside sodium
  • tetrahydrozoline/zinc sulfate/hypromellose ophthalmic
  • sodium citrate/citric acid
  • pemetrexate
  • methicillin
  • plasminogen 
  • acai
  • american ginseng
  • cordyceps
  • tramadol/acetaminophen
  • belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbital
  • erythromycin topical/benzoyl peroxide
  • glucosamine sulfate
  • panax ginseng (suppl/herb)
  • tolnaftate
  • sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sulfur hexafluoride
  • sotrovimab
  • arbaclofen
  • rifampin/isoniazid
  • clindamycin /tretinoin topical
  • benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical
  • apremilast
  • antivenins, centuroides (scorpion)
  • bamlanivimab and etesevimab
  • vilobelimab
  • gadobenate
  • pentosan polysulfate sodium
  • methylsalicylate/menthol/camphor topical
  • antivenin, black widow spider
  • benzoyl peroxide and hydrocortisone
  • clindamycin topical
  • isometheptene, dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen
  • acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine
  • erythromycin topical
  • erythromycin ophthalmic
  • alpha hydroxy acids, topical
  • buprenorphine transdermal
  • butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine
  • buprenorphine/samidorphan
  • buprenorphine subdermal implant
  • celecoxib/tramadol
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol
  • resorcinol/sulfur
  • eflornithine
  • rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
  • tofersen
  • devil’s claw
  • ticarcillin/clavulanate
  • atropine/pralidoxime
  • aprepitant
  • suramin
  • phenelzine 
  • artichoke
  • american dogwood
  • attapulgite
  • atlantic cedar
  • axalimogene filolisbac
  • sodium thiosulfate & sodium nitrite
  • ataluren
  • omidubicel-onlv
  • capsicum
  • ginger
  • cryoprecipitate
  • bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • fo-ti
  • siberian ginseng
  • granulocytes
  • zinc substituted heme C
  • zinc trihydroxide
  • ashwagandha 
  • cat’s claw
  • glandular products
  • SAMe
  • shark cartilage
  • altovis
  • feverfew
  • horse chestnut
  • magnesium aspartate
  • octacosanol
  • pleurisy root
  • star anise
  • butterbur
  • elderberry
  • licorice (Suppl/herb)
  • aconite
  • pentetate zinc trisodium
  • menthol topical/zinc oxide topical
  • corn-starch/kaolin/zinc oxide topical
  • 5-htp
  • butcher’s broom
  • articulin
  • bearberry
  • goldenrod
  • progesterone, natural
  • black cohosh
  • wild yam
  • cranberry
  • dong quai
  • phytoestrogens
  • norethindrone
  • false Unicorn Root
  • raspberry Leaf
  • asafoetida
  • turmeric
  • dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
  • hyaluronan
  • aliskiren/amlodipine
  • octreotide (Antidote)
  • tranexamic acid injection
  • duocal
  • neocate infant formula
  • pediatric Eo28
  • aloe
  • red clover
  • propolis
  • androstenedione
  • heartsease
  • comfrey
  • bilberry
  • chamomile
  • eyebright
  • calendula
  • sage
  • yucca
  • polypody
  • odevixibat
  • vinpocetine
  • olanzapine/samidorphan
  • creatine
  • yerba mate
  • spesolimab
  • azficel-T
  • tiludronate
  • estetrol and drospirenone
  • pseudoephedrine/fexofenadine
  • lincomycin
  • neomycin oral
  • fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • tretinoin/ hydroquinone/ fluocinolone
  • halobetasol topical
  • hydrocortisone/​iodoquinol
  • penicillin G procaine /penicillin G benzathine
  • hydrocortisone probutate topical
  • colistin/neomycin/hydrocortisone/thonzonium otic
  • ebola zaire vaccine
  • hepatitis a/​b vaccine
  • vibegron
  • lindane
  • nystatin topical
  • respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine
  • chikungunya vaccine
  • tenecteplase
  • reteplase
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted
  • meningococcal ABCWY pentavalent vaccine
  • eculizumab
  • cholestyramine
  • tinzaparin
  • taurolidine/​citrate/​heparin
  • protein C concentrate
  • antithrombin alfa
  • antithrombin III
  • multivitamins, vision
  • ibuprofen/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/ibuprofen
  • ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine
  • paclitaxel protein-bound
  • acetic acid vaginal
  • acetic acid otic
  • hydrocodone/ ibuprofen
  • methyl salicylate / isopropanol/ citronellyl acetate/ citric acid
  • ibuprofen and phenylephrine
  • acetylcysteine (Antidote)
  • iron/​folic acid/​vitamin/​mineral
  • iobenguane I-131
  • dolutegravir/rilpivirine
  • chlorhexidine topical
  • chlorhexidine oral
  • thyroid desiccated
  • proparacaine ophthalmic
  • podophyllum resin
  • phendimetrazine
  • phenoxybenzamine
  • polidocanol
  • phentermine and topiramate
  • piflufolastat F18
  • piperacillin/tazobactam
  • prednisolone and gentamicin ophthalmic
  • promethazine and codeine
  • poractant alfa
  • protamine sulfate
  • aflibercept intravitreal
  • prednicarbate
  • promethazine/dextromethorphan
  • codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazine
  • potassium phosphate
  • glatiramer acetate
  • gentamicin (Ophthalmic)
  • leniolisib
  • rezafungin
  • fluorometholone
  • dalfampridine
  • hydrocortisone topical 
  • empagliflozin and linagliptin
  • triamcinolone topical
  • minocycline topical
  • minocycline dental
  • ketotifen ophthalmic
  • darunavir and cobicistat
  • lidocaine topical
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin/lidocaine (OTC)
  • lidocaine/ hydrocortisone
  • lidocaine anesthetic
  • lidocaine ophthalmic
  • lidocaine/tetracaine
  • desonide
  • dabigatran
  • fexofenadine
  • fluoride
  • decitabine and cedazuridine
  • dasiglucagon
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic
  • epoetin alfa
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan
  • trimethobenzamide
  • dexamethasone/ tobramycin
  • tafasitamab
  • valacyclovir
  • mebendazole
  • levoleucovorin
  • flaxseed
  • germanium
  • glutathione
  • lycopene
  • pygeum
  • horseradish
  • ziv-aflibercept
  • micafungin
  • trofinetide
  • taliglucerase alfa
  • tildrakizumab
  • sulopenem (Pending FDA Approval)
  • thyrotropin alfa
  • birch
  • thrombin, topical
  • tivozanib
  • tafluprost
  • methohexital
  • urea and hydrocortisone
  • unoprostone ophthalmic
  • trihexyphenidyl
  • ezetimibe
  • evolocumab
  • trifluridine and tipiracil
  • methenamine
  • misoprostol
  • miltefosine
  • rimantadine
  • maralixibat
  • coenzyme Q10
  • chlorella
  • garlic
  • forskolin
  • zavegepant
  • menotropins
  • margetuximab
  • meprobamate
  • melarsoprol
  • evening primrose oil
  • lemongrass
  • molindone
  • fenugreek
  • phytosterols
  • red yeast rice
  • uridine triacetate
  • tropicamide
  • incobotulinumtoxinA
  • Grape Seed Extract
  • carbachol ophthalmic
  • cosyntropin
  • cyclopentolate and phenylephrine
  • carteolol ophthalmic
  • pentazocine/naloxone
  • pentazocine/acetaminophen
  • casimersen
  • carisoprodol, aspirin, and codeine
  • carisoprodol
  • carboprost tromethamine
  • flurandrenolide
  • brinzolamide/brimonidine
  • betamethasone topical
  • omaveloxolone
  • bardoxolone
  • allogeneic processed thymus tissue
  • fluocinolone topical
  • tacrolimus topical
  • ruxolitnib topical
  • pimecrolimus topical
  • sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
  • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  • mitotane
  • elbasvir/​grazoprevir
  • wheat dextrin
  • vanadium
  • iron/folic acid/vitamin/mineral
  • molybdenum
  • sparsentan
  • velmanase alfa-tycv
  • pegcetacoplan
  • ferrous sulfate
  • cyclosporine ophthalmic
  • ferric pyrophosphate
  • ammonium lactate
  • etelcalcetide
  • iodoquinol
  • sucroferric oxyhydroxide
  • doxercalciferol
  • terconazole vaginal
  • cortisone
  • pyronaridine
  • tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic
  • tenapanor
  • tesamorelin
  • benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • nadolol and bendroflumethiazide
  • spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
  • COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA
  • atosiban
  • bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide
  • ephedrine/guaifenesin
  • clonidine/chlorthalidone
  • captopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan
  • candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • ciclesonide intranasal
  • cromolyn sodium ophthalmic
  • methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
  • valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene
  • moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • mometasone/intranasal
  • ofloxacin ophthalmic
  • cysteamine
  • metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/olmesartan
  • eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/telmisartan
  • hydrochlorothiazide/aliskiren
  • betamethasone/clotrimazole
  • telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • benazepril/amlodipine
  • bezlotoxumab
  • propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • bupropion/naltrexone
  • burosumab
  • acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution
  • bupivacaine and meloxicam
  • budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)
  • valerian
  • entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa
  • carbidopa/levodopa
  • calaspargase pegol
  • cabotegravir
  • cefixime
  • calfactant
  • brinzolamide
  • daprodustat
  • brimonidine and timolol
  • brodalumab
  • buprenorphine and naloxone
  • hydrocortisone acetic acid otic
  • butorphanol
  • butoconazole
  • adapalene and benzoyl peroxide
  • acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • midodrine
  • baloxavir marboxil
  • bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone topical
  • avatrombopag
  • glucagon
  • atenolol/chlorthalidone
  • adefovir
  • activated charcoal
  • avalglucosidase alfa
  • aclidinium and formoterol
  • iclaprim (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ampicillin/sulbactam
  • quinupristin/dalfopristin
  • lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir
  • acetaminophen and caffeine
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom
  • abacavir and lamivudine
  • anifrolumab
  • elacestrant
  • anidulafungin
  • acetohydroxamic acid
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • anthralin
  • pirtobrutinib
  • gabapentin
  • galsulfase
  • gadoterate meglumine
  • ferric gluconate
  • ferric derisomaltose
  • ethanolamine oleate
  • eteplirsen
  • vasopressin
  • desmopressin
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
  • ecallantide
  • econazole topical
  • dornase alfa
  • aspirin/dipyridamole
  • dipyridamole
  • difenoxin and atropine
  • diflorasone
  • difluprednate ophthalmic
  • eptinezumab
  • diethylpropion
  • dexchlorpheniramine
  • dexmethylphenidate
  • serdexmethylphenidate/​dexmethylphenidate
  • bexagliflozin
  • galcanezumab
  • fremanezumab
  • tapinarof topical
  • darifenacin
  • dalbavancin
  • darbepoetin alfa
  • azilsartan
  • colestipol
  • corticorelin
  • crotamiton
  • crofelemer
  • allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/fibroblasts in bovine collagen
  • tapentadol
  • cyclopentolate
  • polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • ketoconazole topical
  • tavaborole
  • tagraxofusp
  • crisaborole
  • crizanlizumab
  • satralizumab
  • spinosad
  • sacubitril/valsartan
  • sargramostim
  • sebelipase alfa
  • regadenoson
  • ribociclib/letrozole
  • ragweed allergen extract
  • radium-223 dichloride
  • secnidazole
  • setmelanotide
  • polycarbophil
  • plecanatide
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • pertuzumab
  • pertuzumab/trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • pamidronate
  • halcinonide
  • glecaprevir/​pibrentasvir
  • glucarpidase
  • golodirsen
  • dextrose (antidote)
  • hexaminolevulinate
  • iohexol
  • ferric citrate
  • elapegademase
  • emicizumab
  • erenumab
  • danaparoid
  • dantrolene
  • eflapegrastim
  • edaravone
  • amcinonide
  • carglumic acid
  • alcaftadine ophthalmic
  • agalsidase beta
  • afamelanotide
  • fosdenopterin
  • lidocaine and chlorhexidine
  • levorphanol
  • calcifediol
  • factor VIIa, recombinant
  • triheptanoin
  • peanut oral allergen powder
  • teprotumumab
  • poly-L-lactic acid/carboxymethylcellulose/mannitol
  • xenon Xe 129 hyperpolarized
  • ublituximab
  • anacaulase
  • glatiramer
  • peginterferon beta-1a
  • interferon beta-1a
  • onabotulinumtoxinA
  • cycloserine
  • ethionamide
  • cabotegravir and rilpivirine
  • vericiguat
  • omidenepag isopropyl
  • azelastine/fluticasone intranasal
  • benzyl peroxide
  • vutrisiran
  • brimonidine
  • testosterone topical
  • lenacapavir
  • tebentafusp
  • mosunetuzumab
  • faricimab
  • ganirelix
  • nadofaragene firadenovec
  • ozenoxacin
  • guaifenesin
  • adagrasib
  • guselkumab
  • adalimumab-aacf
  • nonoxynol-9
  • nifurtimox
  • nusinersen
  • nitazoxanide
  • mavacamten
  • calcipotriene
  • bimatoprost
  • obinutuzumab
  • amifostine
  • oxycodone/​aspirin
  • oxycodone/ibuprofen
  • oteseconazole
  • oxychlorosene
  • porfimer
  • pramoxine /hydrocortisone topical
  • podofilox
  • quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom/pyrilamine
  • levobunolol
  • paregoric
  • idursulfase
  • lesinurad and allopurinol
  • latanoprost/​netarsudil ophthalmic
  • lactase enzyme
  • bioadherent oral
  • latanoprost and timolol
  • latanoprostene bunod
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • hemin
  • deucravacitinib
  • house dust mite allergen extract
  • halobetasol topical/tazarotene
  • remimazolam
  • somatropin
  • remifentanil
  • ethotoin
  • etidronate
  • empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin
  • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir AF
  • empagliflozin/​linagliptin
  • evinacumab
  • finasteride and tadalafil
  • flortaucipir (18F)
  • proparacaine/ fluorescein ophthalmic
  • fluorescein/benoxinate ophthalmic
  • fluphenazine
  • alogliptin/​metformin
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • alitretinoin topical
  • dextrose/ sodium citrate/fructose
  • dasabuvir
  • ombitasvir​/paritaprevir/​ritonavir
  • hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • hydroxyamphetamine/​tropicamide
  • acamprosate
  • gadobutrol
  • teclistamab
  • tremelimumab
  • futibatinib
  • etranacogene dezaparvovec
  • olutasidenib
  • naproxen and diphenhydramine
  • naratriptan
  • gadopiclenol
  • gadoxetate
  • gadoversetamide
  • naphazoline/pheniramine
  • naphazoline
  • nalbuphine
  • vosoritide
  • vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
  • moxidectin
  • basiliximab
  • fecal microbiota, live-jslm
  • ibuprofen/famotidine
  • famotidine
  • raxibacumab
  • omalizumab
  • measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
  • senna/docusate
  • dinoprostone
  • measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
  • immune globulin IM (IGIM)
  • dyclonine
  • doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
  • ivacaftor/tezacaftor
  • treosulfan
  • tranexamic acid
  • norethindrone acetate/​estradiol/​elagolix
  • artesunate
  • trientine
  • trifarotene
  • ziconotide
  • vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
  • pyrithione zinc
  • zinc oxide topical
  • naphazoline/​zinc sulfate/​glycerin ophthalmic
  • voretigene neparvovec
  • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
  • bebetelovimab
  • sodium chloride
  • relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
  • defibrotide
  • prothionamide
  • liraglutide
  • etilfrine
  • alpha-lipoic acid
  • ramosetron
  • olodaterol/tritropium
  • cimetropium
  • umeclidinium
  • itopride
  • secretin
  • naftopidil
  • trimeprazine
  • benperidol
  • chlormethiazole
  • multivitamins
  • secukinumab
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterol
  • amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
  • tirzepatide
  • relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
  • mupirocin
  • alvimopan
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • insulin regular human
  • insulin aspart protamine/​insulin aspart
  • insulin isophane human/​insulin regular human
  • insulin degludec/insulin aspart
  • teplizumab
  • chlordiazepoxide/clidinium
  • aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid
  • aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • olodaterol/tiotropium
  • umeclidinium bromide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • travoprost ophthalmic
  • loxapine
  • eptifibatide
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • trandolapril/​verapamil
  • abciximab
  • artificial saliva
  • diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine
  • diphtheria, haemophilus B, pertussis, polio, tetanus vaccine
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine/hepatitis b vaccine
  • butalbital/aspirin/caffeine 
  • colchicine/probenecid
  • atovaquone and proguanil
  • ursodiol
  • chenodiol
  • casirivimab/imdevimab
  • tixagevimab/cilgavimab
  • molnupiravir
  • bebtelovimab
  • calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybate
  • sodium oxybate
  • diphtheria, polio, pertussis acellular, tetanus vaccine
  • pseudoephedrine loratadine
  • sodium chloride nasal
  • hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • atorvastatin and ezetimibe
  • teriparatide
  • alendronate and cholecalciferol
  • alprostadil (IV)
  • romosozumab
  • risedronate
  • alendronate
  • glyburide/metformin
  • clorazepate
  • rosuvastatin/​ezetimibe
  • paclitaxel/encequidar
  • valsartan/amlodipine
  • enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • enalapril and felodipine
  • amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
  • triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
  • lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • tegaserod
  • rhein
  • ritanserin
  • sulfaphenazole
  • sulconazole
  • taurursodiol
  • bromeperidol
  • carbapenems
  • fotemustine
  • difelikefalin
  • bromopride
  • alizapride
  • olopatadine
  • oxomemazine
  • paraldehyde
  • oxcarbazepine
  • kratom
  • elexacaftor
  • oritavancin
  • miocamycin
  • curcumin sulfate
  • seproxetine
  • clotrimazole
  • remacemide
  • piperine
  • ditiocarb
  • danoprevir
  • oxetacaine
  • topiroxostat
  • indisulam
  • tofisopam
  • noscapine
  • thiopental
  • tioconazole
  • nicotinamide
  • rutin
  • mequitazine
  • somatostatin
  • vapreotide
  • econazole
  • saracatinib
  • lestaurtinib
  • efonidipine
  • zimelidine
  • indalpine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • benidipine
  • dapoxetine
  • tesmilifene
  • pergolide
  • sitaxentan
  • resveratrol
  • bifonazole
  • tildipirosin
  • solithromycin
  • selamectin
  • imiquimod topical
  • fluorouracil topical
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • interferon alfa-2b
  • alteplase
  • tanshinone I
  • rosmarinic acid
  • caryophyllene
  • ursolic acid
  • cepharanthine
  • veliflapon
  • mirikizumab
  • cp-96345
  • famprofazone
  • peoniflorin
  • fepradinol
  • licofelone
  • polmacoxib
  • ebselen
  • taxifolin
  • betulinic acid
  • flurbiprofen axetil
  • talniflumate
  • morniflumate
  • nitroaspirin
  • firocoxib
  • ns-398
  • cimicoxib
  • robenacoxib
  • sc-236
  • imidazole salicylate
  • trolamine salicylate
  • pirprofen
  • benorilate
  • ethenzamide
  • mofebutazone
  • proquazone
  • carbaspirin calcium
  • guacetisal
  • proglumetacin
  • propyphenazone
  • pranoprofen
  • bendazac
  • tenidap
  • lonazolac
  • nifenazone
  • flunoxaprofen
  • difenpiramide
  • feprazone
  • bufexamac
  • alminoprofen
  • suxibuzone
  • fentiazac
  • tinoridine
  • tepoxalin
  • indobufen
  • flunixin
  • propacetamol
  • clonixin
  • droxicam
  • epirizole
  • etofenamate
  • ibuproxam
  • indoprofen
  • kebuzone
  • felbinac
  • zaltoprofen
  • azapropazone
  • zomepirac
  • niflumic acid
  • magnesium salicylate
  • suprofen
  • nepafenac
  • bromfenac
  • ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone (otic) (Rx)
  • hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin otic (Rx)
  • vigabatrine
  • valproate
  • tezepelumab (Rx)
  • triamcinolone acetonide/nystatin
  • triamcinolone suprachoroidal (Rx)
  • triamcinolone, intranasal
  • ciclesonide inhaled
  • diosmin
  • tirbanibulin
  • padeliporfin
  • roxadustat
  • aminosalicylic acid
  • rasburicase
  • tetracaine
  • articaine
  • ropivacaine
  • nitrous oxide
  • sulfapyridine
  • sulfanilamide
  • mafenide
  • isometheptene
  • amyl nitrite
  • antipyrine
  • isosorbide dinitrate
  • prilocaine
  • nitroglycerin
  • tobacco
  • batefenterol
  • hexoprenaline
  • pf-00610355
  • racepinephrine
  • protokylol
  • doxofylline
  • phenylpropanolamine
  • isoetharine
  • ephedra sinica root
  • dipivefrin
  • arbutamine
  • norepinephrine
  • fenoterol
  • clenbuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • epinephrine
  • ritodrine
  • procaterol
  • orciprenaline
  • bitolterol
  • abediterol
  • fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium and vilanterol
  • fluticasone furoate and vilanterol
  • mometasone and formoterol
  • pramoxine topical (OTC)
  • menthol/pramoxine (topical)
  • tetrastarch
  • plasma protein fraction
  • hetastarch
  • rokitamycin
  • ridaforolimus
  • oleandomycin
  • patupilone
  • mitemcinal
  • midecamycin
  • mirvetuximab soravtansine
  • lorvotuzumab mertansine
  • kitasamycin
  • flurithromycin
  • eprinomectin
  • epofolate
  • epothilone D
  • coltuximab ravtansine
  • dirithromycin
  • doramectin
  • cethromycin
  • carbomycin
  • paramethasone
  • dexamethasone isonicotinate
  • quinupristin
  • sarilumab
  • dalfopristin
  • curcumin
  • luliconazole
  • procaine
  • chloroprocaine
  • phencyclidine
  • tenocyclidine
  • profenamine
  • halothane
  • lfenprodil
  • calcium levulinate
  • agmatine
  • calcium pangamate
  • calcium glubionate
  • edodekin alfa
  • beloranib
  • aflibercept
  • endostar
  • volociximab
  • roquinimex
  • anecortave acetate
  • squalamine
  • brolucizumab
  • trebananib
  • semaxanib
  • endostatin
  • halofuginone
  • resveratol
  • ranibizumab
  • fumagilin
  • bevacizumab
  • hyperforin
  • aminohippuric acid
  • opicapone
  • pafolacianine
  • bempedoic acid
  • belantamab mafodotin
  • prasterone
  • glecaprevir
  • levomenol
  • parachlorophenol
  • gadoxetic acid
  • cholecystokinin
  • caspofungin
  • ouabain
  • rifampicin
  • taurocholic acid
  • methylphosphinic acid
  • revefenacin
  • isoprenaline
  • posiphen
  • acotiamide
  • triflupromazine
  • pegvisomant
  • pipecuronium
  • regramostim
  • phenserine
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • cinchocaine
  • pancuronium
  • bambuterol
  • hexafluronium
  • aprotinin
  • tyrothricin
  • decamethonium
  • ipidacrine
  • tubocurarine
  • paraoxon
  • ginkgo biloba
  • methanesulfonyl fluoride
  • dichlorvos
  • fenthion
  • metrifonate
  • coumaphos
  • huperzine A
  • distigmine
  • neostigmine
  • isoflurophate
  • tasosartan
  • fimasartan
  • methylthioninium
  • minaprine
  • gallamine triethiodide
  • ambenonium
  • abiraterone
  • mibefradil
  • hydrocortisone (systemic)
  • cetirizine (systemic)
  • Talimogene Laherparepvec
  • Diacerein
  • Magnesium glucoheptonate
  • acyclovir and hydrocortisone
  • acyclovir (ophthalmic)
  • acyclovir (topical)
  • docosanol cream
  • camphor and phenol
  • dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine
  • peramivir
  • lisdexamfetamine
  • ergoloid mesylates
  • memantine/donepezil
  • tranylcypromine
  • isocarboxazid
  • methenamine/sodium salicylate/benzoic acid
  • mometasone topical (Rx)
  • Esketamine intranasal
  • Oracit
  • Shohls Solution
  • sodium lactate
  • sodium citrate
  • lecanemab
  • donepezil (Rx)
  • donepezil transdermal
  • sodium thiosulfate
  • ciclopirox
  • undecylenic acid
  • butenafine
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • zoledronic acid
  • calcitonin salmon
  • pizotifen
  • indoramin
  • salicylic acid acne
  • minoxidil topical
  • adapalene
  • orlistat
  • COVID-19 subunit vaccine
  • amoxicillin /vonoprazan
  • levamlodipine (Rx)
  • Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • simvastatin/ezetimibe
  • amlodipine/atorvastatin
  • amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
  • lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • noradrenaline
  • carbaryl
  • botulinum toxin
  • atropine
  • artemether/lumefantrine
  • ergonovine
  • bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
  • ibalizumab
  • dolutegravir
  • hydrocodone/pseudoephedrine
  • cetirizine/pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
  • acetaminophen IV/ibuprofen IV (Pending FDA Approval)
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • acetaminophen/caffeine
  • Acetaminophen/magnesium salicylate/pamabrom
  • megestrol
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
  • folic acid-cyanocobalamin-pyridoxine
  • L-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
  • estropipate
  • betamethasone (systemic)
  • dolutegravir and lamivudine
  • zidovudine and lamivudine
  • mineral oil (oral/rectal)
  • regular insulin
  • dextromethorphan/bupropion
  • diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
  • enfuvirtide
  • doxapram
  • methamphetamine
  • dextroamphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
  • aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • acetaminophen, pheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
  • guaifenesin and phenylephrine
  • rivastigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • arecoline
  • physostigmine
  • abobotulinumtoxinA
  • echothiophate iodide
  • malathion
  • glibenclamide
  • rimabotulinumtoxinB
  • pioglitazone
  • daxibotulinumtoxinA
  • prabotulinumtoxinA
  • mepenzolate
  • trospium
  • modafinil
  • budesonide (oral inhalation)
  • budesonide (nasal)
  • budesonide (Topical)
  • vedolizumab
  • hydrocodone and homatropine
  • homatropine ophthalmic
  • methscopolamine
  • oxandrolone
  • nandrolone
  • fluoxymesterone
  • procyclidine
  • biperiden
  • benztropine
  • oxymetholone
  • ipratropium
  • belladonna/opium
  • pilocarpine
  • nicotine intranasal
  • succinylcholine
  • cromolyn sodium
  • mepolizumab
  • palivizumab
  • reslizumab
  • dupilumab
  • potassium iodide
  • beclomethasone (nasal)
  • tetrahydrozoline nasal
  • fluticasone (topical)
  • tecovirimat
  • entacapone
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
  • smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
  • terazosin
  • labetalol 
  • smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (live, nonreplicating) (US: Availability limited to health department/CDC expanded access protocol) (Rx)
  • oxymetazoline
  • xylometazoline
  • meclizine
  • prazosin
  • belinostat
  • nabilone
  • tripelennamine
  • bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
  • levalbuterol
  • rifaximin
  • cotrimoxazole
  • ethacrynic acid
  • senna
  • bisacodyl
  • sodium picosulfate, citric acid, and magnesium oxide
  • kaolin
  • anastrozole
  • docusate
  • cascara
  • dichlorphenamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • methylcellulose
  • magnesium sulfate 
  • talazoparib
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • bacillus clausii
  • psyllium
  • bifidobacterium
  • lactobacillus
  • saccharomyces boulardii
  • lanreotide
  • cyproterone
  • ramucirumab (Rx)
  • fidaxomicin
  • tobramycin (systemic)
  • dacomitinib
  • pembrolizumab
  • amikacin (systemic)
  • panitumumab
  • blinatumomab
  • durvalumab
  • olaratumab
  • necitumumab
  • moxetumomab pasudotox
  • mogamulizumab
  • inotuzumab
  • dinutuximab
  • pentamycin
  • dibekacin
  • cemiplimab
  • gemtuzumab
  • demeclocycline
  • omadacycline
  • tobramycin (ophthalmic)
  • sarecycline
  • cefiderocol
  • valrubicin
  • plicamycin
  • denileukin diftitox
  • decitabine
  • niraparib
  • methacholine
  • carbachol
  • bethanechol
  • acetylcholine
  • atezolizumab
  • raloxifene
  • avelumab
  • leucovorin
  • cladabrine
  • pralatrexate
  • meclofenamate
  • pemetrexed
  • ustekinumab
  • diroximel fumarate
  • daratumumab
  • coccidioidin skin test
  • candida albicans extract
  • brewer’s yeast
  • poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • elotuzumab
  • trimetrexate
  • l-methyl folate
  • methyclothiazide
  • Influenza virus vaccine
  • acitretin
  • tafamidis
  • sapropterin
  • Pidotimod
  • nitisinone
  • mipomersen
  • levetiracetam
  • Inebilizumab
  • Diethylamine salicylate
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Cephalothin
  • alitretinoin
  • Alitretinoin
  • methotrexate
  • verteporfin
  • omacetaxine
  • methyl aminolevulinate topical
  • efgartigimod alfa
  • aminolevulinic acid
  • cetuximab
  • streptozocin
  • zoster vaccine recombinant
  • lyme disease vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine
  • daclizumab
  • lomustiine
  • amitriptyline
  • triptorelin
  • Tedizolid
  • rituximab
  • darolutamide
  • altretamine
  • Varicella-zoster vaccine
  • topotecan
  • ajmaline
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • poliovirus vaccine
  • adenovirus vaccine type 7
  • adenovirus vaccine type 4
  • brincidofovir
  • lenograstim
  • ofatumumab
  • doxorubicin
  • thioguanine
  • tetanus toxoid
  • primidone
  • lipegfilgrastim
  • pegaspargase
  • monomethyl fumarate
  • ibritumomab
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant)
  • influenza virus vaccine, h5n1, live
  • carmustine
  • influenza virus vaccine (h5n1), adjuvanted
  • influenza a (h5n1) vaccine
  • eluxadoline
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
  • idecabtagene vicleucel
  • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
  • thiotepa
  • tocilizumab
  • levodopa inhaled
  • efalizumab
  • canakinumab
  • aminoglutethimide
  • ado-trastuzumab emtansine
  • adenovirus vaccine
  • zoster vaccine live
  • typhoid vaccine, live
  • influenza virus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine, h1n1, live
  • delavirdine
  • paclitaxel
  • siltuximab
  • miconazole
  • fludarabine
  • epirubicin
  • vinblastine
  • lomustine
  • risankizumab
  • rilonacept
  • pacritinib
  • linezolid
  • griseofulvin
  • vincristine
  • rufinamide
  • phenobarbital
  • nelarabine
  • mitoxantrone
  • mitomycin
  • mitapivat
  • letermovir
  • lasmiditan
  • idarubicin
  • filgrastim
  • elagolix
  • daunorubicin
  • daclatasvir
  • carfilzomib
  • anakinra
  • alefacept
  • thalidomide
  • teriflunomide
  • rubella virus vaccine
  • ozanimod
  • mumps virus vaccine
  • measles virus vaccine
  • golimumab
  • etanercept
  • certolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • etoposide
  • mechlorethamine
  • adenovirus type 7 vaccine
  • melphalan
  • palifermin
  • pimecrolimus
  • ropeginterferon alfa 2b
  • tacrolimus
  • tofacitinib
  • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
  • amphotericin B deoxycholate
  • amphotericin B liposomal
  • amphotericin B phospholipid complex
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed
  • denosumab
  • diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
  • echinacea
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
  • hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
  • hepatitis a/b vaccine
  • hepatitis b vaccine
  • HIV vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
  • hydroxyurea
  • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1)
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
  • meningococcal group B vaccine
  • ofatumumab SC
  • pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
  • pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
  • pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
  • poliovirus vaccine inactivated
  • rabies vaccine
  • sipuleucel-T
  • trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab deruxtecan
  • eslicarbazepine acetate
  • vitamin A
  • rifampin
  • belzutifan
  • belimumab
  • belatacept
  • armodafinil
  • amobarbital
  • alemtuzumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • nivolumab
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • desogestrel
  • butalbital
  • brexanolone
  • zoster vaccine
  • yellow fever vaccine
  • varicella virus vaccine
  • smallpox vaccine
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • rubella vaccine
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
  • atracurium
  • dengue vaccine
  • tisagenlecleucel
  • lisocabtagene maraleucel
  • ciltacabtagene autoleucel
  • brexucabtagene autoleucel
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel
  • chlorambucil
  • ethinyl estradiol
  • dicumarol
  • atenolol
  • anisindione
  • penicillin G benzathine
  • sequelerin
  • chloramphenicol
  • heparin
  • enoxaparin
  • dalteparin
  • bivalirudin
  • argatroban
  • willow bark
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • aspirin rectal
  • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
  • aspirin
  • ganaxolone
  • erythromycin stearate
  • erythromycin lactobionate
  • erythromycin ethylsuccinate
  • elbasvir/grazoprevir
  • daridorexant
  • cholera vaccine
  • lumacaftor/ivacaftor
  • dienogest/estradiol valerate
  • zafirlukast
  • urofollitropin
  • tralokinumab
  • torsemide
  • tazarotene
  • pseudoephedrine
  • propoxiphene napsylate
  • propoxiphene hydrochloride
  • oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
  • oxymetazoline hydrochloride
  • naxitamab
  • nandrolone decanoate
  • methylphenidate
  • methocarbamol
  • idoxuridine
  • hyaluronidase
  • hyaluronic acid
  • gonadoreline hydrochloride
  • glycopyrrolate
  • ganirelix acetate
  • gallium citrate
  • fulvestrant
  • fexofenadine hydrochloride
  • fenefluramine hydrochloride
  • febuxostat
  • famciclovir
  • ergocalciferol
  • divalproex sodium
  • diclorfenamide
  • dezocine
  • desmopressin acetate
  • demeclocycline hydrochloride
  • defibrotide sodium
  • deferiprone
  • deferasirox
  • daunorubicin hydrochloride
  • darunavir
  • darifenacin hydrobromide
  • daptomycin
  • dapsone
  • dantrolene sodium
  • danazol
  • dalafampridine
  • dalbavancin Hydrochloride
  • daclatasvir dihydrochloride
  • dactinomycin
  • dacitabine
  • cefiderocol sulfate tosylate
  • butoconazole nitrate
  • benralizumab (Rx)
  • albuterol
  • acetylcysteine
  • acebutolol
  • acam2000
  • abrocitinib
  • abatacept
  • abametapir
  • abaloparatide
  • chloroquine
  • ferric maltol
  • lorlatinib
  • piracetam
  • timolol
  • chlorothiazide
  • ferric pyrophosphate citrate
  • lornoxicam
  • piretanide
  • tinidazole
  • chloroxylenol
  • ferric sulfate
  • lorpiprazole
  • pirfenidone
  • tiopronin
  • chlorpheniramine
  • ferrous bisglycinate
  • losartan
  • piroxicam
  • tiotropium
  • chlorpromazine
  • ferrous fumarate
  • lovastatin
  • pitavastatin
  • tipranavir
  • chlorpropamide
  • ferrous gluconate
  • loxoprofen
  • pitolisant
  • tirofiban
  • chlorprothixene
  • ferrous succinate
  • lubiprostone
  • pivampicillin
  • tisotumab vedotin
  • chlorthalidone
  • ferrous sulfate anhydrous
  • lumateperone
  • pivmecillinam
  • tixocortol
  • chlorzoxazone
  • ferumoxides
  • lumefantrine
  • plazomicin
  • tizanidine
  • abiraterone
  • cholecalciferolc
  • ferumoxsil
  • lumiracoxib
  • plerixafor
  • tobramycin (oral inhalation)
  • acalabrutinib
  • choline c 11
  • ferumoxytol
  • lurasidone
  • polatuzumab vedotin
  • tocainide
  • acarbose
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • fesoterodine
  • lurbinectedin
  • polythiazide
  • tocofersolan
  • aceclofenac
  • choline salicylate
  • fexinidazole
  • lynestrenol
  • pomalidomide
  • tocopherol
  • acemetacin
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • finasteride
  • macimorelin
  • ponatinib
  • acenocoumarol
  • chromic chloride
  • finerenone (Rx)
  • macitentan
  • ponesimod
  • tolazamide
  • acetaminophen
  • chromic nitrate
  • fish oil
  • magaldrate
  • posaconazole
  • tolbutamide
  • acetazolamide
  • chromium
  • flavoxate
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • tolcapone
  • acetohexamide
  • chromium gluconate
  • flecainide
  • magnesium carbonate
  • potassium acetate
  • tolfenamic acid
  • acetylsalicylic acid
  • chromium nicotinate
  • flibanserin
  • magnesium chloride
  • potassium bicarbonate
  • tolmetin
  • acipimox
  • chromous sulfate
  • floctafenine
  • magnesium citrate
  • potassium cation
  • tolterodine
  • aclidinium
  • ciclesonide
  • florbetaben (18f)
  • magnesium gluconate
  • potassium chloride
  • tolvaptan
  • acrivastine
  • cidofovir
  • florbetapir (18f)
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • potassium citrate
  • topiramate
  • acyclovir
  • cilazapril
  • floxuridine
  • magnesium oxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • adefovir dipivoxil
  • cilostazol
  • flucloxacillin
  • magnesium silicate
  • potassium perchlorate
  • torasemide
  • adenosine
  • cimetidine
  • fluconazole
  • potassium sulfate
  • toremifene
  • agomelatine
  • cinacalcet
  • flucytosine
  • magnesium trisilicate
  • tositumomab
  • albendazole
  • cinnarizine
  • fludeoxyglucose (18f)
  • mangafodipir
  • pralidoxime
  • trabectedin
  • albiglutide
  • cinoxacin
  • fludrocortisone
  • manidipine
  • pralsetinib
  • tramadol
  • albutrepenonacog alfa
  • ciprofibrate
  • fluindione
  • mannitol
  • pramipexole
  • trametinib
  • alclofenac
  • cisapride
  • flumazenil
  • maprotiline
  • pramlintide
  • trandolapril
  • aldesleukin
  • cisplatin
  • flumethasone
  • maraviroc
  • prasugrel
  • trastuzumab emtansine
  • alectinib
  • citalopram
  • flunarizine
  • maribavir
  • pravastatin
  • trazodone
  • alendronic acid
  • cladribine
  • flunisolide
  • mebeverine
  • prazepamb
  • treprostinil
  • alfentanil
  • clarithromycin
  • flunitrazepam
  • mecamylamine
  • praziquantel
  • tretinoin
  • alfuzosin
  • clemastine
  • fluocinolone acetonide
  • mecasermin
  • prednisolone
  • triamcinolone
  • alimemazine
  • clevidipine
  • fluocinonide
  • meclofenamic acid
  • prednisolone acetate
  • triamterene
  • aliskiren
  • clindamycin
  • fluocortolone
  • medrogestone
  • prednisolone phosphate
  • triazolam
  • allopurinol
  • clobazam
  • fluorouracil
  • medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • prednisone (Rx)
  • trichlormethiazide
  • almasilate
  • clobetasol propionate
  • fluoxetine
  • mefenamic acid
  • prednisone acetate
  • triclabendazole
  • almotriptan
  • clofarabine
  • flupentixol
  • mefloquine
  • pregabalin
  • triethylenetetramine
  • alogliptin
  • clofazimine
  • fluprednisolone
  • megestrol acetate
  • pregnenolone
  • trifluoperazine
  • alosetron
  • clofibrate
  • flurazepam
  • melatonin
  • prenylamine
  • trifluridine
  • alpelisib
  • clomipramine
  • flurbiprofen
  • meloxicam
  • pretomanid
  • trilaciclib
  • alprazolam
  • fluspirilene
  • memantine
  • primaquine
  • trilostane
  • clonidine
  • flutamide
  • menthyl salicylate
  • probenecid
  • trimebutine
  • aluminium phosphate
  • clopidogrel
  • fluticasone (nasal)
captopril + 

olmesartan

may increase the adverse effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers

telmisartan

may increase the adverse effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers

amlodipine/olmesartan 

may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers

lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide 

may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers

sparsentan 

may enhance the hypotensive effect when combined with sparsentan

lanthanum carbonate 

may diminish the serum concentration when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

lithium citrate 

may enhance the serum concentration when combined with lithium

telmisartan

May enhances the effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism

ketoprofen 

may diminish the effects of ketoprofen by pharmacodynamic antagonism

indomethacin 

may diminish the effects of indomethacin by pharmacodynamic antagonism

sacubitril 

may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with sacubitril

almasilate

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

aluminum hydroxide

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

calcium carbonate

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

magaldrate

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

magnesium trisilicate

antacids reduce the concentration of captopril in serum

tanshinone I

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

rosmarinic acid

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

caryophyllene

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

ursolic acid

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

cepharanthine

May increase the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

azilsartan medoxomil

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

candesartan cilexetil

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

eprosartan

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

irbesartan

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

losartan

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists

levalbuterol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

acebutolol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

timolol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

betaxolol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

bisoprolol

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

hydrochlorothiazide

may enhance the hypotensive effect of ACE Inhibitors

metolazone

may enhance the hypotensive effect of ACE Inhibitors

quinethazone

may enhance the hypotensive effect of ACE Inhibitors

trichlormethiazide

may enhance the hypotensive effect of ACE Inhibitors

cyclopentolate

may reduce the therapeutic effect

pancuronium

may reduce the therapeutic effect

botulinum toxin

may reduce the therapeutic effect

atropine

may reduce the therapeutic effect

abobotulinumtoxinA

may reduce the therapeutic effect

mipomersen 

It may enhance the toxicity when combined with mipomersen

azathioprine

may enhance the risk of neutropenia

finerenone (Rx)

angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of finerenone

allopurinol

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the potential for allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol

diphenhydramine/ibuprofen

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

meclofenamate

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

aspirin

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

bumadizone

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

nabumetone

ACE Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAIDs

amiloride

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

eplerenone

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

alteplase

angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may increase the risk of adverse effects of alteplase

insulin degludec/insulin aspart 

may diminish the effects of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism

icatibant 

icatibant may reduce the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors

amiloride

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

canrenoic acid

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

eplerenone

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

spironolactone

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

triamterene

may enhance the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors

dalteparin 

may increase the anti-coagulant action of anti-coagulants

aspirin/dipyridamole 

may increase the nephrotoxic effect of salicylates

tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic 

may diminish the antihypertensive activity when combined

allopurinol 

may have an increased allergic or hypersensitivity reactions when combined with allopurinol

aprotinin 

may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

dapoxetine 

may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

everolimus 

may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

magnesium salicylate 

may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of salicylates

heparin 

may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate 

may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Drospirenone-Containing Products

nabilone

when used in combination, nabilone and captopril both increase the effect of each other

Actions and Spectrum 

The primary action of captopril is to lower blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the workload of the heart. It does this by inhibiting the activity of ACE, an enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure.

By blocking the production of angiotensin II, captopril can help to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. captopril is also sometimes used to treat kidney problems caused by diabetes and to improve survival after a heart attack. It may be used in combination with other medications to achieve these effects. 

In terms of its spectrum of activity, captopril is effective at lowering blood pressure in a wide range of patients, including those with hypertension, congestive heart failure, and kidney problems. It is generally well-tolerated, although some people may experience side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, and a dry cough. 

 

Frequency Defined 

>10% 

Hyperkalemia (1-11%)  

1-10% 

Skin rash (4-7%)  

Hypotension (1-2.5%)  

Dysgeusia (2-4%)  

Pruritus (2%)  

Chest pain (1%)  

Hypersensitivity rxns (4-7%)  

Cough (0.5-2%)  

Palpitations (1%)  

Tachycardia (1%)  

Proteinuria (1%)  

Frequency Not Defined 

Orthostatic hypotension  

Cardiac arrest  

Ataxia  

Depression  

Confusion  

Somnolence  

Photosensitivity  

Angioedema  

 

 

Black Box Warning 

The black box warning for captopril, a medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, states that the drug can cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions, including angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat).

The warning also advises that captopril should not be used in patients with a history of angioedema or hypersensitivity to the drug. In addition, the black box warning for captopril notes that the drug can cause fetal harm when used during pregnancy and advises that it should be avoided in pregnant women or women who may become pregnant. 

 

Contraindications: 

  • Hypersensitivity to captopril or any other component of the medication 
  • Pregnancy (can cause fetal harm or death) 
  • Breastfeeding (may be excreted in breast milk and can harm a nursing infant) 

Cautions: 

  • Renal impairment (dose adjustment may be needed) 
  • Hepatic impairment (dose adjustment may be needed) 
  • History of angioedema (risk of recurrent angioedema) 
  • Dehydration (risk of hypotension) 
  • Elderly patients (risk of hypotension and electrolyte abnormalities) 
  • Use with other medications that lower blood pressure (increased risk of hypotension) 
  • Use with medications that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (increased risk of hypotension and electrolyte abnormalities) 

 

Pregnancy warnings:     

US FDA pregnancy category: C; D in 2nd & 3rd trimesters 

Lactation:   

Excreted into human milk is known  

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.   

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category 

 

 

Pharmacology: 

captopril is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors). It is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart failure, as well as to prevent kidney damage in individuals with diabetes or hypertension. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which means it works by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure and constricts blood vessels. By inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin, I to angiotensin II, captopril causes blood vessels to relax and blood pressure to decrease. 

captopril also increases the production of bradykinin, which is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate and reduces inflammation. captopril is primarily used to treat hypertension, but it can also be used to treat heart failure, kidney disease, and myocardial infarction.  

The pharmacodynamics of captopril may be affected by certain factors such as age, weight, kidney function, and other medications being taken. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption  

It is absorbed rapidly after oral administration   

Distribution  

Reaches peak plasma concentrations within 1-2 hours. The bioavailability of captopril is low, around 10-20%, due to a high degree of first-pass metabolism in the liver.  

Metabolism  

captopril is metabolized in the liver by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) to its active form, enalaprilat. Enalaprilat is highly protein bound, primarily to albumin.  

Elimination and excretion 

captopril is eliminated from the body primarily through the kidneys via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. The half-life of captopril is 1-2 hours, while the half-life of enalaprilat is 4-6 hours.  

 

 

Administration: 

Oral administration: 

captopril is an oral medication that is typically taken 1-3 times a day. It should be taken with food to help prevent stomach irritation. The dosage will depend on the patient’s blood pressure, kidney function, and other factors. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and schedule as directed by a healthcare provider.   

Missed dose: 

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular schedule should be resumed. It is important not to take extra doses of captopril or to change the dosage without consulting a healthcare provider.   

Storage: 

captopril should be stored at room temperature and kept out of reach of children.  

 

 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: captopril  

Why do we use captopril? 

captopril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. It belongs to a class of medications called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which work by blocking the production of a hormone called angiotensin II. Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure, so by blocking its production, captopril helps to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. captopril may also be used to prevent kidney damage in people with diabetes and to treat kidney disorders caused by a protein called lupus nephritis. 

 

 

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