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bisoprolol - medtigo

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bisoprolol

Brand Name :

Zebeta, Monocor

Synonyms :

bisoprolol

Class :

Beta-1 Selective, Beta-Blockers





No data available for drug.

Actions and Spectrum: 

Actions of bisoprolol include: 

  • Lowering blood pressure: it works by blocking the effects of the hormone adrenaline on the blood vessels, which causes them to relax and widens, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. 
  • Decreasing heart rate: it also blocks the effects of adrenaline on the heart, which slows down the heart rate and reduces the workload on the heart. 
  • Improving heart function: By reducing the workload on the heart and lowering blood pressure, bisoprolol can help improve heart function in patients with heart failure. 
  • Relieving angina symptoms: it can help to relieve symptoms of angina by decreasing the workload on the heart and reducing the need for oxygen in the heart muscle. 

The spectrum of bisoprolol includes: 

  • High blood pressure: it is commonly used to treat high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. 
  • Heart failure: it can be used to treat heart failure, a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. 
  • Angina: it can be used to treat angina, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. 
  • Arrhythmias: it may also be used to treat certain types of arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms. 

DRUG INTERACTION

bisoprolol

&

  • prednisolone and gentamicin ophthalmic
  • promethazine and codeine
  • poractant alfa
  • protamine sulfate
  • aflibercept intravitreal
  • prednicarbate
  • promethazine/dextromethorphan
  • codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazine
  • potassium phosphate
  • glatiramer acetate
  • gentamicin (Ophthalmic)
  • leniolisib
  • rezafungin
  • fluorometholone
  • dalfampridine
  • hydrocortisone topical 
  • empagliflozin and linagliptin
  • triamcinolone topical
  • minocycline topical
  • minocycline dental
  • ketotifen ophthalmic
  • darunavir and cobicistat
  • lidocaine topical
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin/lidocaine (OTC)
  • lidocaine/ hydrocortisone
  • lidocaine anesthetic
  • lidocaine ophthalmic
  • lidocaine/tetracaine
  • desonide
  • dabigatran
  • fexofenadine
  • fluoride
  • decitabine and cedazuridine
  • dasiglucagon
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic
  • epoetin alfa
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan
  • trimethobenzamide
  • dexamethasone/ tobramycin
  • tafasitamab
  • valacyclovir
  • mebendazole
  • levoleucovorin
  • flaxseed
  • germanium
  • glutathione
  • lycopene
  • pygeum
  • horseradish
  • ziv-aflibercept
  • micafungin
  • trofinetide
  • taliglucerase alfa
  • tildrakizumab
  • sulopenem (Pending FDA Approval)
  • thyrotropin alfa
  • birch
  • thrombin, topical
  • tivozanib
  • tafluprost
  • methohexital
  • urea and hydrocortisone
  • unoprostone ophthalmic
  • trihexyphenidyl
  • ezetimibe
  • evolocumab
  • trifluridine and tipiracil
  • methenamine
  • misoprostol
  • miltefosine
  • rimantadine
  • maralixibat
  • coenzyme Q10
  • chlorella
  • garlic
  • forskolin
  • zavegepant
  • menotropins
  • margetuximab
  • meprobamate
  • melarsoprol
  • evening primrose oil
  • lemongrass
  • molindone
  • fenugreek
  • phytosterols
  • red yeast rice
  • uridine triacetate
  • tropicamide
  • incobotulinumtoxinA
  • Grape Seed Extract
  • carbachol ophthalmic
  • cosyntropin
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  • carteolol ophthalmic
  • pentazocine/naloxone
  • pentazocine/acetaminophen
  • casimersen
  • carisoprodol, aspirin, and codeine
  • carisoprodol
  • carboprost tromethamine
  • flurandrenolide
  • brinzolamide/brimonidine
  • betamethasone topical
  • omaveloxolone
  • bardoxolone
  • allogeneic processed thymus tissue
  • fluocinolone topical
  • tacrolimus topical
  • ruxolitnib topical
  • pimecrolimus topical
  • sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
  • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  • mitotane
  • elbasvir/​grazoprevir
  • wheat dextrin
  • vanadium
  • iron/folic acid/vitamin/mineral
  • molybdenum
  • sparsentan
  • velmanase alfa-tycv
  • pegcetacoplan
  • ferrous sulfate
  • cyclosporine ophthalmic
  • ferric pyrophosphate
  • ammonium lactate
  • etelcalcetide
  • iodoquinol
  • sucroferric oxyhydroxide
  • doxercalciferol
  • terconazole vaginal
  • cortisone
  • pyronaridine
  • tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic
  • tenapanor
  • tesamorelin
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  • nadolol and bendroflumethiazide
  • spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
  • COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA
  • atosiban
  • bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide
  • ephedrine/guaifenesin
  • clonidine/chlorthalidone
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  • amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan
  • candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • ciclesonide intranasal
  • cromolyn sodium ophthalmic
  • methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
  • valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene
  • moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • mometasone/intranasal
  • ofloxacin ophthalmic
  • cysteamine
  • metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/olmesartan
  • eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/telmisartan
  • hydrochlorothiazide/aliskiren
  • betamethasone/clotrimazole
  • telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • benazepril/amlodipine
  • bezlotoxumab
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  • bupropion/naltrexone
  • burosumab
  • acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution
  • bupivacaine and meloxicam
  • budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)
  • valerian
  • entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa
  • carbidopa/levodopa
  • calaspargase pegol
  • cabotegravir
  • cefixime
  • calfactant
  • brinzolamide
  • daprodustat
  • brimonidine and timolol
  • brodalumab
  • buprenorphine and naloxone
  • hydrocortisone acetic acid otic
  • butorphanol
  • butoconazole
  • adapalene and benzoyl peroxide
  • acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • midodrine
  • baloxavir marboxil
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  • activated charcoal
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  • iclaprim (Pending FDA Approval)
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  • anthralin
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  • gabapentin
  • galsulfase
  • gadoterate meglumine
  • ferric gluconate
  • ferric derisomaltose
  • ethanolamine oleate
  • eteplirsen
  • vasopressin
  • desmopressin
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
  • ecallantide
  • econazole topical
  • dornase alfa
  • aspirin/dipyridamole
  • dipyridamole
  • difenoxin and atropine
  • diflorasone
  • difluprednate ophthalmic
  • eptinezumab
  • diethylpropion
  • dexchlorpheniramine
  • dexmethylphenidate
  • serdexmethylphenidate/​dexmethylphenidate
  • bexagliflozin
  • galcanezumab
  • fremanezumab
  • tapinarof topical
  • darifenacin
  • dalbavancin
  • darbepoetin alfa
  • azilsartan
  • colestipol
  • corticorelin
  • crotamiton
  • crofelemer
  • allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/fibroblasts in bovine collagen
  • tapentadol
  • cyclopentolate
  • polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • ketoconazole topical
  • tavaborole
  • tagraxofusp
  • crisaborole
  • crizanlizumab
  • satralizumab
  • spinosad
  • sacubitril/valsartan
  • sargramostim
  • sebelipase alfa
  • regadenoson
  • ribociclib/letrozole
  • ragweed allergen extract
  • radium-223 dichloride
  • secnidazole
  • setmelanotide
  • polycarbophil
  • plecanatide
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • pertuzumab
  • pertuzumab/trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • pamidronate
  • halcinonide
  • glecaprevir/​pibrentasvir
  • glucarpidase
  • golodirsen
  • dextrose
  • hexaminolevulinate
  • iohexol
  • ferric citrate
  • elapegademase
  • emicizumab
  • erenumab
  • danaparoid
  • dantrolene
  • eflapegrastim
  • edaravone
  • amcinonide
  • carglumic acid
  • alcaftadine ophthalmic
  • agalsidase beta
  • afamelanotide
  • fosdenopterin
  • lidocaine and chlorhexidine
  • levorphanol
  • calcifediol
  • factor VIIa, recombinant
  • triheptanoin
  • peanut oral allergen powder
  • teprotumumab
  • poly-L-lactic acid/carboxymethylcellulose/mannitol
  • xenon Xe 129 hyperpolarized
  • ublituximab
  • anacaulase
  • glatiramer
  • peginterferon beta-1a
  • interferon beta-1a
  • onabotulinumtoxinA
  • cycloserine
  • ethionamide
  • cabotegravir and rilpivirine
  • vericiguat
  • omidenepag isopropyl
  • azelastine/fluticasone intranasal
  • benzyl peroxide
  • vutrisiran
  • brimonidine
  • testosterone topical
  • lenacapavir
  • tebentafusp
  • mosunetuzumab
  • faricimab
  • ganirelix
  • nadofaragene firadenovec
  • ozenoxacin
  • guaifenesin
  • adagrasib
  • guselkumab
  • adalimumab-aacf
  • nonoxynol-9
  • nifurtimox
  • nusinersen
  • nitazoxanide
  • mavacamten
  • calcipotriene
  • bimatoprost
  • obinutuzumab
  • amifostine
  • oxycodone/​aspirin
  • oxycodone/ibuprofen
  • oteseconazole
  • oxychlorosene
  • porfimer
  • pramoxine /hydrocortisone topical
  • podofilox
  • quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom/pyrilamine
  • levobunolol
  • paregoric
  • idursulfase
  • lesinurad and allopurinol
  • latanoprost/​netarsudil ophthalmic
  • lactase enzyme
  • bioadherent oral
  • latanoprost and timolol
  • latanoprostene bunod
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • hemin
  • deucravacitinib
  • house dust mite allergen extract
  • halobetasol topical/tazarotene
  • remimazolam
  • somatropin
  • remifentanil
  • ethotoin
  • etidronate
  • empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin
  • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir AF
  • empagliflozin/​linagliptin
  • evinacumab
  • finasteride and tadalafil
  • flortaucipir (18F)
  • proparacaine/ fluorescein ophthalmic
  • fluorescein/benoxinate ophthalmic
  • fluphenazine
  • alogliptin/​metformin
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • alitretinoin topical
  • dextrose/ sodium citrate/fructose
  • dasabuvir
  • ombitasvir​/paritaprevir/​ritonavir
  • hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • hydroxyamphetamine/​tropicamide
  • acamprosate
  • gadobutrol
  • teclistamab
  • tremelimumab
  • futibatinib
  • etranacogene dezaparvovec
  • olutasidenib
  • naproxen and diphenhydramine
  • naratriptan
  • gadopiclenol
  • gadoxetate
  • gadoversetamide
  • naphazoline/pheniramine
  • naphazoline
  • nalbuphine
  • vosoritide
  • vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
  • moxidectin
  • basiliximab
  • fecal microbiota, live-jslm
  • ibuprofen/famotidine
  • famotidine
  • raxibacumab
  • omalizumab
  • measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
  • senna/docusate
  • dinoprostone
  • measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
  • immune globulin IM (IGIM)
  • dyclonine
  • doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
  • ivacaftor/tezacaftor
  • treosulfan
  • tranexamic acid
  • norethindrone acetate/​estradiol/​elagolix
  • artesunate
  • trientine
  • trifarotene
  • ziconotide
  • vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
  • pyrithione zinc
  • zinc oxide topical
  • naphazoline/​zinc sulfate/​glycerin ophthalmic
  • voretigene neparvovec
  • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
  • bebetelovimab
  • sodium chloride
  • relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
  • defibrotide
  • prothionamide
  • liraglutide
  • maitake
  • etilfrine
  • alpha-lipoic acid
  • ramosetron
  • olodaterol/tritropium
  • cimetropium
  • umeclidinium
  • itopride
  • secretin
  • naftopidil
  • trimeprazine
  • benperidol
  • chlormethiazole
  • multivitamins
  • secukinumab
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterol
  • amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
  • tirzepatide
  • relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
  • mupirocin
  • alvimopan
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • insulin regular human
  • insulin aspart protamine/​insulin aspart
  • insulin isophane human/​insulin regular human
  • insulin degludec/insulin aspart
  • teplizumab
  • chlordiazepoxide/clidinium
  • aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid
  • aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • olodaterol/tiotropium
  • umeclidinium bromide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • travoprost ophthalmic
  • loxapine
  • eptifibatide
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • trandolapril/​verapamil
  • abciximab
  • artificial saliva
  • diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine
  • diphtheria, haemophilus B, pertussis, polio, tetanus vaccine
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine/hepatitis b vaccine
  • butalbital/aspirin/caffeine 
  • colchicine/probenecid
  • atovaquone and proguanil
  • ursodiol
  • chenodiol
  • casirivimab/imdevimab
  • tixagevimab/cilgavimab
  • molnupiravir
  • bebtelovimab
  • calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybate
  • sodium oxybate
  • diphtheria, polio, pertussis acellular, tetanus vaccine
  • pseudoephedrine loratadine
  • sodium chloride nasal
  • hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • atorvastatin and ezetimibe
  • teriparatide
  • alendronate and cholecalciferol
  • alprostadil (IV)
  • romosozumab
  • risedronate
  • alendronate
  • glyburide/metformin
  • clorazepate
  • rosuvastatin/​ezetimibe
  • paclitaxel/encequidar
  • valsartan/amlodipine
  • enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • enalapril and felodipine
  • amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
  • triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
  • lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • tegaserod
  • rhein
  • ritanserin
  • sulfaphenazole
  • sulconazole
  • taurursodiol
  • bromeperidol
  • carbapenems
  • fotemustine
  • difelikefalin
  • bromopride
  • alizapride
  • olopatadine
  • oxomemazine
  • paraldehyde
  • oxcarbazepine
  • kratom
  • elexacaftor
  • oritavancin
  • miocamycin
  • curcumin sulfate
  • seproxetine
  • clotrimazole
  • remacemide
  • piperine
  • ditiocarb
  • danoprevir
  • oxetacaine
  • topiroxostat
  • indisulam
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  • noscapine
  • thiopental
  • tioconazole
  • nicotinamide
  • rutin
  • mequitazine
  • somatostatin
  • vapreotide
  • econazole
  • saracatinib
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  • efonidipine
  • zimelidine
  • indalpine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • benidipine
  • dapoxetine
  • tesmilifene
  • pergolide
  • sitaxentan
  • resveratrol
  • bifonazole
  • tildipirosin
  • solithromycin
  • selamectin
  • imiquimod topical
  • fluorouracil topical
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • interferon alfa-2b
  • alteplase
  • tanshinone I
  • rosmarinic acid
  • caryophyllene
  • ursolic acid
  • cepharanthine
  • veliflapon
  • mirikizumab
  • cp-96345
  • famprofazone
  • peoniflorin
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  • ebselen
  • taxifolin
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  • sc-236
  • imidazole salicylate
  • trolamine salicylate
  • pirprofen
  • benorilate
  • ethenzamide
  • mofebutazone
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  • carbaspirin calcium
  • guacetisal
  • proglumetacin
  • propyphenazone
  • pranoprofen
  • bendazac
  • tenidap
  • lonazolac
  • nifenazone
  • flunoxaprofen
  • difenpiramide
  • feprazone
  • bufexamac
  • alminoprofen
  • suxibuzone
  • fentiazac
  • tinoridine
  • tepoxalin
  • indobufen
  • flunixin
  • propacetamol
  • clonixin
  • droxicam
  • epirizole
  • etofenamate
  • ibuproxam
  • indoprofen
  • kebuzone
  • felbinac
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  • niflumic acid
  • magnesium salicylate
  • suprofen
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  • prilocaine
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  • pf-00610355
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  • calcium pangamate
  • calcium glubionate
  • edodekin alfa
  • beloranib
  • aflibercept
  • endostar
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  • anecortave acetate
  • squalamine
  • brolucizumab
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  • endostatin
  • halofuginone
  • resveratol
  • ranibizumab
  • fumagilin
  • bevacizumab
  • hyperforin
  • aminohippuric acid
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  • pafolacianine
  • bempedoic acid
  • belantamab mafodotin
  • prasterone
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  • levomenol
  • parachlorophenol
  • gadoxetic acid
  • cholecystokinin
  • caspofungin
  • ouabain
  • rifampicin
  • taurocholic acid
  • methylphosphinic acid
  • revefenacin
  • isoprenaline
  • posiphen
  • acotiamide
  • triflupromazine
  • pegvisomant
  • pipecuronium
  • regramostim
  • betaine
  • phenserine
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • cinchocaine
  • pancuronium
  • bambuterol
  • hexafluronium
  • aprotinin
  • tyrothricin
  • decamethonium
  • ipidacrine
  • tubocurarine
  • paraoxon
  • ginkgo biloba
  • methanesulfonyl fluoride
  • dichlorvos
  • fenthion
  • metrifonate
  • coumaphos
  • huperzine A
  • distigmine
  • neostigmine
  • isoflurophate
  • tasosartan
  • fimasartan
  • methylthioninium
  • minaprine
  • gallamine triethiodide
  • ambenonium
  • abiraterone
  • mibefradil
  • hydrocortisone (systemic)
  • cetirizine (systemic)
  • Talimogene Laherparepvec
  • Diacerein
  • Magnesium glucoheptonate
  • acyclovir and hydrocortisone
  • acyclovir (ophthalmic)
  • acyclovir (topical)
  • docosanol cream
  • camphor and phenol
  • dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine
  • peramivir
  • lisdexamfetamine
  • ergoloid mesylates
  • memantine/donepezil
  • tranylcypromine
  • isocarboxazid
  • methenamine/sodium salicylate/benzoic acid
  • mometasone topical (Rx)
  • Esketamine intranasal
  • Oracit
  • Shohls Solution
  • sodium lactate
  • sodium citrate
  • lecanemab
  • donepezil (Rx)
  • donepezil transdermal
  • sodium thiosulfate
  • ciclopirox
  • undecylenic acid
  • butenafine
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • zoledronic acid
  • calcitonin salmon
  • pizotifen
  • indoramin
  • salicylic acid acne
  • minoxidil topical
  • adapalene
  • orlistat
  • COVID-19 subunit vaccine
  • amoxicillin /vonoprazan
  • levamlodipine (Rx)
  • Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • simvastatin/ezetimibe
  • amlodipine/atorvastatin
  • amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
  • lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • noradrenaline
  • carbaryl
  • botulinum toxin
  • atropine
  • artemether/lumefantrine
  • ergonovine
  • bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
  • ibalizumab
  • dolutegravir
  • hydrocodone/pseudoephedrine
  • cetirizine/pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
  • acetaminophen IV/ibuprofen IV (Pending FDA Approval)
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • acetaminophen/caffeine
  • Acetaminophen/magnesium salicylate/pamabrom
  • megestrol
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
  • folic acid-cyanocobalamin-pyridoxine
  • L-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
  • estropipate
  • betamethasone (systemic)
  • dolutegravir and lamivudine
  • zidovudine and lamivudine
  • mineral oil (oral/rectal)
  • regular insulin
  • dextromethorphan/bupropion
  • diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
  • enfuvirtide
  • doxapram
  • methamphetamine
  • dextroamphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
  • aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • acetaminophen, pheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
  • guaifenesin and phenylephrine
  • rivastigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • arecoline
  • physostigmine
  • abobotulinumtoxinA
  • echothiophate iodide
  • malathion
  • glibenclamide
  • rimabotulinumtoxinB
  • pioglitazone
  • daxibotulinumtoxinA
  • prabotulinumtoxinA
  • mepenzolate
  • trospium
  • modafinil
  • budesonide (oral inhalation)
  • budesonide (nasal)
  • budesonide (Topical)
  • vedolizumab
  • hydrocodone and homatropine
  • homatropine (ophthalmic)
  • methscopolamine
  • oxandrolone
  • nandrolone
  • fluoxymesterone
  • procyclidine
  • biperiden
  • benztropine
  • oxymetholone
  • ipratropium
  • belladonna/opium
  • pilocarpine
  • nicotine intranasal
  • succinylcholine
  • cromolyn sodium
  • mepolizumab
  • palivizumab
  • reslizumab
  • dupilumab
  • potassium iodide
  • benzralizumab
  • beclomethasone (nasal)
  • tetrahydrozoline
  • fluticasone (topical)
  • tecovirimat
  • entacapone
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
  • smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
  • terazosin
  • labetalol 
  • smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (live, nonreplicating) (US: Availability limited to health department/CDC expanded access protocol) (Rx)
  • oxymetazoline
  • xylometazoline
  • meclizine
  • prazosin
  • belinostat
  • nabilone
  • tripelennamine
  • bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
  • levalbuterol
  • rifaximin
  • cotrimoxazole
  • ethacrynic acid
  • senna
  • bisacodyl
  • sodium picosulfate, citric acid, and magnesium oxide
  • kaolin
  • anastrozole
  • docusate
  • cascara
  • dichlorphenamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • methylcellulose
  • magnesium sulfate 
  • talazoparib
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • bacillus clausii
  • psyllium
  • bifidobacterium
  • lactobacillus
  • saccharomyces boulardii
  • lanreotide
  • cyproterone
  • ramucirumab (Rx)
  • fidaxomicin
  • tobramycin (systemic)
  • dacomitinib
  • pembrolizumab
  • amikacin (systemic)
  • panitumumab
  • blinatumomab
  • durvalumab
  • olaratumab
  • necitumumab
  • moxetumomab pasudotox
  • mogamulizumab
  • inotuzumab
  • dinutuximab
  • pentamycin
  • dibekacin
  • cemiplimab
  • gemtuzumab
  • demeclocycline
  • omadacycline
  • tobramycin (ophthalmic)
  • sarecycline
  • cefiderocol
  • valrubicin
  • plicamycin
  • denileukin diftitox
  • decitabine
  • niraparib
  • methacholine
  • carbachol
  • bethanechol
  • acetylcholine
  • atezolizumab
  • raloxifene
  • avelumab
  • leucovorin
  • cladabrine
  • pralatrexate
  • meclofenamate
  • pemetrexed
  • ustekinumab
  • diroximel fumarate
  • daratumumab
  • coccidioidin skin test
  • candida albicans extract
  • brewer’s yeast
  • poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • elotuzumab
  • trimetrexate
  • l-methyl folate
  • Methyclothiazide
  • Influenza virus vaccine
  • acitretin
  • tafamidis
  • sapropterin
  • Pidotimod
  • nitisinone
  • Mipomersen
  • levetiracetam
  • Inebilizumab
  • Diethylamine salicylate
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Cephalothin
  • alitretinoin
  • Alitretinoin
  • methotrexate
  • Verteporfin
  • Omacetaxine
  • methyl aminolevulinate topical
  • efgartigimod alfa
  • aminolevulinic acid
  • cetuximab
  • streptozocin
  • zoster vaccine recombinant
  • lyme disease vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine
  • daclizumab
  • lomustiine
  • amitriptyline
  • triptorelin
  • Tedizolid
  • rituximab
  • darolutamide
  • Altretamine
  • Varicella-zoster vaccine
  • topotecan
  • ajmaline
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • poliovirus vaccine
  • adenovirus vaccine type 7
  • adenovirus vaccine type 4
  • brincidofovir
  • lenograstim
  • ofatumumab
  • doxorubicin
  • thioguanine
  • tetanus toxoid
  • primidone
  • lipegfilgrastim
  • pegaspargase
  • monomethyl fumarate
  • ibritumomab
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant)
  • influenza virus vaccine, h5n1, live
  • carmustine
  • influenza virus vaccine (h5n1), adjuvanted
  • influenza a (h5n1) vaccine
  • eluxadoline
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
  • idecabtagene vicleucel
  • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
  • thiotepa
  • tocilizumab
  • levodopa inhaled
  • efalizumab
  • canakinumab
  • aminoglutethimide
  • ado-trastuzumab emtansine
  • adenovirus vaccine
  • zoster vaccine live
  • typhoid vaccine, live
  • influenza virus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine, h1n1, live
  • delavirdine
  • paclitaxel
  • siltuximab
  • miconazole
  • fludarabine
  • epirubicin
  • vinblastine
  • lomustine
  • risankizumab
  • rilonacept
  • pacritinib
  • linezolid
  • griseofulvin
  • vincristine
  • rufinamide
  • phenobarbital
  • nelarabine
  • mitoxantrone
  • mitomycin
  • mitapivat
  • letermovir
  • lasmiditan
  • idarubicin
  • filgrastim
  • elagolix
  • daunorubicin
  • daclatasvir
  • carfilzomib
  • brentuximab
  • anakinra
  • alefacept
  • thalidomide
  • teriflunomide
  • rubella virus vaccine
  • ozanimod
  • mumps virus vaccine
  • measles virus vaccine
  • golimumab
  • etanercept
  • certolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • etoposide
  • mechlorethamine
  • adenovirus type 7 vaccine
  • melphalan
  • palifermin
  • pimecrolimus
  • ropeginterferon alfa 2b
  • tacrolimus
  • tofacitinib
  • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
  • amphotericin B deoxycholate
  • amphotericin B liposomal
  • amphotericin B phospholipid complex
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed
  • denosumab
  • diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
  • echinacea
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
  • hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
  • hepatitis a/b vaccine
  • hepatitis b vaccine
  • HIV vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
  • hydroxyurea
  • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1)
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
  • meningococcal group B vaccine
  • ofatumumab SC
  • pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
  • pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
  • pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
  • poliovirus vaccine inactivated
  • rabies vaccine
  • sipuleucel-T
  • trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab deruxtecan
  • eslicarbazepine acetate
  • vitamin A
  • rifampin
  • belzutifan
  • belimumab
  • belatacept
  • armodafinil
  • amobarbital
  • alemtuzumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • nivolumab
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • desogestrel
  • butalbital
  • brexanolone
  • zoster vaccine
  • yellow fever vaccine
  • varicella virus vaccine
  • smallpox vaccine
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • rubella vaccine
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
  • atracurium
  • dengue vaccine
  • tisagenlecleucel
  • lisocabtagene maraleucel
  • ciltacabtagene autoleucel
  • brexucabtagene autoleucel
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel
  • chlorambucil
  • ethinyl estradiol
  • dicumarol
  • atenolol
  • anisindione
  • penicillin G benzathine
  • sequelerin
  • chloramphenicol
  • heparin
  • enoxaparin
  • dalteparin
  • bivalirudin
  • argatroban
  • willow bark
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • aspirin rectal
  • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
  • aspirin
  • ganaxolone
  • erythromycin stearate
  • erythromycin lactobionate
  • erythromycin ethylsuccinate
  • elbasvir/grazoprevir
  • daridorexant
  • cholera vaccine
  • lumacaftor/ivacaftor
  • dienogest/estradiol valerate
  • zafirlukast
  • urofollitropin
  • tralokinumab
  • torsemide
  • tazarotene
  • pseudoephedrine
  • propoxiphene napsylate
  • propoxiphene hydrochloride
  • oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
  • oxymetazoline hydrochloride
  • naxitamab
  • nandrolone decanoate
  • methylphenidate
  • methocarbamol
  • idoxuridine
  • hyaluronidase
  • hyaluronic acid
  • gonadoreline hydrochloride
  • glycopyrrolate
  • ganirelix acetate
  • gallium citrate
  • fulvestrant
  • fexofenadine hydrochloride
  • fenefluramine hydrochloride
  • febuxostat
  • famciclovir
  • ergocalciferol
  • divalproex sodium
  • diclorfenamide
  • dezocine
  • desmopressin acetate
  • demeclocycline hydrochloride
  • defibrotide sodium
  • deferiprone
  • deferasirox
  • daunorubicin hydrochloride
  • darunavir
  • darifenacin hydrobromide
  • daptomycin
  • dapsone
  • dantrolene sodium
  • danazol
  • dalafampridine
  • dalbavancin Hydrochloride
  • daclatasvir dihydrochloride
  • dactinomycin
  • dacitabine
  • cefiderocol sulfate tosylate
  • butoconazole nitrate
  • benralizumab (Rx)
  • albuterol
  • acetylcysteine
  • acebutolol
  • acam2000
  • abrocitinib
  • abatacept
  • abametapir
  • abaloparatide
  • chloroquine
  • ferric maltol
  • lorlatinib
  • piracetam
  • timolol
  • chlorothiazide
  • ferric pyrophosphate citrate
  • lornoxicam
  • piretanide
  • tinidazole
  • chloroxylenol
  • ferric sulfate
  • lorpiprazole
  • pirfenidone
  • tiopronin
  • chlorpheniramine
  • ferrous bisglycinate
  • losartan
  • piroxicam
  • tiotropium
  • chlorpromazine
  • ferrous fumarate
  • lovastatin
  • pitavastatin
  • tipranavir
  • chlorpropamide
  • ferrous gluconate
  • loxoprofen
  • pitolisant
  • tirofiban
  • chlorprothixene
  • ferrous succinate
  • lubiprostone
  • pivampicillin
  • tisotumab vedotin
  • chlorthalidone
  • ferrous sulfate anhydrous
  • lumateperone
  • pivmecillinam
  • tixocortol
  • chlorzoxazone
  • ferumoxides
  • lumefantrine
  • plazomicin
  • tizanidine
  • abiraterone
  • cholecalciferolc
  • ferumoxsil
  • lumiracoxib
  • plerixafor
  • tobramycin (oral inhalation)
  • acalabrutinib
  • choline c 11
  • ferumoxytol
  • lurasidone
  • polatuzumab vedotin
  • tocainide
  • acarbose
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • fesoterodine
  • lurbinectedin
  • polythiazide
  • tocofersolan
  • aceclofenac
  • choline salicylate
  • fexinidazole
  • lynestrenol
  • pomalidomide
  • tocopherol
  • acemetacin
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • finasteride
  • macimorelin
  • ponatinib
  • acenocoumarol
  • chromic chloride
  • finerenone (Rx)
  • macitentan
  • ponesimod
  • tolazamide
  • acetaminophen
  • chromic nitrate
  • fish oil
  • magaldrate
  • posaconazole
  • tolbutamide
  • acetazolamide
  • chromium
  • flavoxate
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • tolcapone
  • acetohexamide
  • chromium gluconate
  • flecainide
  • magnesium carbonate
  • potassium acetate
  • tolfenamic acid
  • acetylsalicylic acid
  • chromium nicotinate
  • flibanserin
  • magnesium chloride
  • potassium bicarbonate
  • tolmetin
  • acipimox
  • chromous sulfate
  • floctafenine
  • magnesium citrate
  • potassium cation
  • tolterodine
  • aclidinium
  • ciclesonide
  • florbetaben (18f)
  • magnesium gluconate
  • potassium chloride
  • tolvaptan
  • acrivastine
  • cidofovir
  • florbetapir (18f)
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • potassium citrate
  • topiramate
  • acyclovir
  • cilazapril
  • floxuridine
  • magnesium oxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • adefovir dipivoxil
  • cilostazol
  • flucloxacillin
  • magnesium silicate
  • potassium perchlorate
  • torasemide
  • adenosine
  • cimetidine
  • fluconazole
  • potassium sulfate
  • toremifene
  • agomelatine
  • cinacalcet
  • flucytosine
  • magnesium trisilicate
  • tositumomab
  • albendazole
  • cinnarizine
  • fludeoxyglucose (18f)
  • mangafodipir
  • pralidoxime
  • trabectedin
  • albiglutide
  • cinoxacin
  • fludrocortisone
  • manidipine
  • pralsetinib
  • tramadol
  • albutrepenonacog alfa
  • ciprofibrate
  • fluindione
  • mannitol
  • pramipexole
  • trametinib
  • alclofenac
  • cisapride
  • flumazenil
  • maprotiline
  • pramlintide
  • trandolapril
  • aldesleukin
  • cisplatin
  • flumethasone
  • maraviroc
  • prasugrel
  • trastuzumab emtansine
  • alectinib
  • citalopram
  • flunarizine
  • maribavir
  • pravastatin
  • trazodone
  • alendronic acid
  • cladribine
  • flunisolide
  • mebeverine
  • prazepamb
  • treprostinil
  • alfentanil
  • clarithromycin
  • flunitrazepam
  • mecamylamine
  • praziquantel
  • tretinoin
  • alfuzosin
  • clemastine
  • fluocinolone acetonide
  • mecasermin
  • prednisolone
  • triamcinolone
  • alimemazine
  • clevidipine
  • fluocinonide
  • meclofenamic acid
  • prednisolone acetate
  • triamterene
  • aliskiren
  • clindamycin
  • fluocortolone
  • medrogestone
  • prednisolone phosphate
  • triazolam
  • allopurinol
  • clobazam
  • fluorouracil
  • medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • prednisone (Rx)
  • trichlormethiazide
  • almasilate
  • clobetasol propionate
  • fluoxetine
  • mefenamic acid
  • prednisone acetate
  • triclabendazole
  • almotriptan
  • clofarabine
  • flupentixol
  • mefloquine
  • pregabalin
  • triethylenetetramine
  • alogliptin
  • clofazimine
  • fluprednisolone
  • megestrol acetate
  • pregnenolone
  • trifluoperazine
  • alosetron
  • clofibrate
  • flurazepam
  • melatonin
  • prenylamine
  • trifluridine
  • alpelisib
  • clomipramine
  • flurbiprofen
  • meloxicam
  • pretomanid
  • trilaciclib
  • alprazolam
  • fluspirilene
  • memantine
  • primaquine
  • trilostane
  • clonidine
  • flutamide
  • menthyl salicylate
  • probenecid
  • trimebutine
  • aluminium phosphate
  • clopidogrel
  • fluticasone (nasal)
  • meperidine
  • probucol
  • trimethadione
  • aluminum hydroxide
  • clorazepic acid
  • fluticasone furoate
  • mephenytoin
  • procainamide
  • trimethoprim
  • amantadine
  • clotiazepam
  • fluticasone propionate
  • mepivacaine
  • procaine benzylpenicillin
  • ambrisentan (Rx)
  • clove oil
  • fluvastatin
  • meprednisone
  • procarbazine
  • trimipramine
  • ambroxol
  • cloxacillin
  • fluvoxamine
  • mepyramine
  • prochlorperazine
  • triprolidine
  • amifampridine
  • folic acid
  • mercaptopurine
  • progesterone
  • amikacin (oral inhalation)
  • fomepizole
  • meropenem
  • promazine
  • troglitazone
  • amiloride
  • fondaparinux
  • mesalazine
  • promethazine
  • troleandomycin
  • aminophenazone
  • clonazepam
  • formestane
  • mesoridazine
  • propafenone
  • tropisetron
  • aminophylline
  • formoterol
  • mestranol
  • propantheline
  • trovafloxacin
  • amiodarone
  • fosamprenavir
  • metamfetamine
  • propiverine
  • tucatinib
  • amisulpride
  • fosaprepitant
  • metamizole
  • propofol
  • typhoid vaccine
  • foscarnet
  • metaxalone
  • propranolol
  • ubidecarenone
  • amlodipine
  • fosfomycin
  • metformin
  • propylthiouracil
  • ubrogepant
  • ammonium chloride
  • fosinopril
  • methadone
  • protriptyline
  • udenafil
  • amodiaquine
  • clozapine
  • fosnetupitant
  • methazolamide
  • prucalopride
  • ulipristal
  • amoxapine
  • cobicistat
  • fosphenytoin
  • methimazole
  • prussian blue
  • upadacitinib
  • amoxicillin
  • cobimetinib
  • fostamatinib
  • pyrantel
  • vaborbactam
  • amphetamine
  • cocaine
  • fostemsavir
  • methotrimeprazine
  • pyrazinamide
  • valaciclovir
  • amphotericin b
  • codeine
  • framycetin
  • methoxsalen
  • valbenazine
  • ampicillin
  • colchicine
  • frovatriptan
  • methsuximide
  • pyrimethamine
  • valdecoxib
  • amprenavir
  • colistimethate
  • furosemide
  • methyldopa
  • pyrithione
  • valganciclovir
  • amrinone
  • colistin
  • fusidic acid
  • methylene blue
  • quazepam
  • valproic acid
  • anagrelide
  • conivaptan
  • gabapentin enacarbil
  • methylergometrine
  • quetiapine
  • valsartan
  • ancestim
  • conjugated estrogens
  • gadobenic acid
  • methylnaltrexone
  • vancomycin
  • antazoline
  • copanlisib
  • gadodiamide
  • methylprednisolone
  • quinapril
  • vandetanib
  • corifollitropin alfa
  • gadofosveset trisodium
  • methylprednisolone aceponate
  • quinethazone
  • vardenafil
  • corticotropin
  • gadopentetic acid
  • methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
  • quinidine
  • varenicline
  • cortisone acetate
  • gadoteric acid
  • methylprednisone
  • quinine
  • velpatasvir
  • antrafenine
  • crizotinib
  • gadoteridol
  • methyltestosterone
  • rabeprazole
  • vemurafenib
  • apalutamide
  • cyanocobalamin
  • galantamine
  • methysergide
  • raltegravir
  • venetoclax
  • apixaban
  • cyclacillin
  • ganciclovir
  • meticillin
  • ramelteon
  • venlafaxine
  • apomorphine
  • cyclandelate
  • gatifloxacin
  • meticrane
  • ramipril
  • verapamil
  • apremilast
  • cyclizine
  • gefitinib
  • metoclopramide
  • ranitidine
  • vernakalant
  • aprepitant
  • cyclobenzaprine
  • gemcitabine
  • metolazone
  • ranolazine
  • vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr strain live antigen
  • arformoterol
  • cyclopenthiazide
  • gemfibrozil
  • metoprolol
  • rasagiline
  • vilanterol
  • aripiprazole
  • cyclophosphamide
  • gemifloxacin
  • metronidazole
  • reboxetine
  • vilazodone
  • aripiprazole lauroxil
  • cyclosporine
  • gentamicin
  • metyrapone
  • regorafenib
  • vildagliptin
  • arsenic trioxide
  • cyclothiazide
  • gestrinone
  • mexiletine
  • relebactam
  • viloxazine
  • artemether
  • cyproheptadine
  • gilteritinib
  • mezlocillin
  • relugolix
  • asciminib
  • cyproterone acetate
  • gimeracil
  • mianserin
  • remdesivir
  • asenapine
  • cytarabine
  • givosiran
  • midazolam
  • repaglinide
  • vindesine
  • astemizole
  • dabrafenib
  • glasdegib
  • midostaurin
  • rescinnamine
  • vinflunine
  • asunaprevir
  • dacarbazine
  • gliclazide
  • mifepristone
  • reserpine
  • vinorelbine
  • atazanavir
  • dapagliflozin
  • glimepiride
  • migalastat
  • resorcinol
  • vismodegib
  • atogepant
  • dasatinib
  • glipizide
  • miglitol
  • retapamulin
  • vitamin d
  • atomoxetine
  • deflazacort
  • gliquidone
  • milnacipran
  • ribavirin
  • vitamin e
  • atorvastatin
  • degarelix
  • glyburide
  • milrinone
  • ribociclib
  • voclosporin
  • atovaquone
  • delafloxacin
  • glycerol phenylbutyrate
  • minocycline
  • ribostamycin
  • vorapaxar
  • auranofin
  • delamanid
  • glycol salicylate
  • mirabegron
  • rifabutin
  • voriconazole
  • aurothioglucose
  • desflurane
  • glymidine
  • mirtazapine
  • rifamycin
  • vorinostat
  • avacopan
  • desipramine
  • golodirsen
  • rifapentine
  • vortioxetine
  • avanafil
  • desloratadine
  • goserelin
  • mobocertinib
  • rilpivirine
  • voxelotor
  • avapritinib
  • desoximetasone
  • granisetron
  • riluzole
  • voxilaprevir
  • axitinib
  • deutetrabenazine
  • grazoprevir
  • moexipril
  • rimegepant
  • warfarin
  • azacitidine
  • dexamethasone
  • grepafloxacin
  • mometasone furoate
  • rimonabant
  • yohimbine
  • azatadine
  • dexamethasone acetate
  • guanabenz
  • montelukast
  • riociguat
  • zaleplon
  • azathioprine
  • dexbrompheniramine
  • guanethidine
  • moricizine
  • ripretinib
  • zanamivir
  • azelaic acid
  • dexchlorpheniramine maleate
  • guanfacine
  • morphine
  • risdiplam
  • zanubrutinib
  • azelastine
  • dexfenfluramine
  • guanidine
  • moxifloxacin
  • risedronic acid
  • zidovudine
  • azilsartan medoxomil
  • dexibuprofen
  • halofantrine
  • moxisylyte
  • risperidone
  • zileuton
  • azithromycin
  • dexketoprofen
  • haloperidol
  • muzolimine
  • ritonavir
  • zinc
  • azlocillin
  • dexlansoprazole
  • hetacillin
  • mycophenolate mofetil
  • rivaroxaban
  • zinc acetate
  • aztreonam
  • dexmedetomidine
  • histrelin
  • mycophenolic acid
  • rizatriptan
  • zinc ascorbate
  • bacampicillin
  • dexpanthenol
  • hydralazine
  • n-acetyltyrosine
  • rofecoxib
  • zinc chloride
  • bacitracin
  • dexrazoxane
  • hydrochlorothiazide
  • nabumetone
  • roflumilast
  • zinc gluconate
  • baclofen
  • dextran
  • hydrocodone
  • nadolol
  • rolapitant
  • zinc oxide
  • balsalazide
  • dextromethorphan
  • hydrocortisone
  • nafarelin
  • romidepsin
  • zinc sulfate
  • baricitinib
  • dextropropoxyphene
  • hydrocortisone acetate
  • nafcillin
  • ropinirole
  • zinc sulfate, unspecified form
  • bcg vaccine
  • diatrizoate
  • hydrocortisone butyrate
  • naldemedine
  • ziprasidone
  • beclomethasone dipropionate
  • diazepam
  • hydrocortisone cypionate
  • nalidixic acid
  • rosiglitazone
  • zofenopril
  • bedaquiline
  • dichlorobenzyl alcohol
  • hydrocortisone phosphate
  • nalmefene
  • rosoxacin
  • zolmitriptan
  • belumosudil
  • diclofenac
  • hydrocortisone succinate
  • naloxegol
  • rosuvastatin
  • zolpidem
  • benazepril
  • diclofenamide
  • hydroflumethiazide
  • naloxone
  • rotigotine
  • zonisamide
  • bendamustine
  • dicloxacillin
  • hydromorphone
  • naltrexone
  • roxithromycin
  • zopiclone
  • bendroflumethiazide
  • dicoumarol
  • hydrotalcite
  • naproxen
  • rucaparib
  • zotepine
  • dicyclomine
  • hydroxocobalamin
  • nateglinide
  • rupatadine
  • zuclopenthixol
  • benoxaprofen
  • didanosine
  • hydroxychloroquine
bisoprolol + 

droxidopa

may decrease the bronchodilatory effect

enzalutamide

CYP3A strong enhancers of the small intestine may reduce the bioavailability of bisoprolol

nebivolol

may enhance the anti-hypertensive effect when both drugs are combined

olodaterol/tiotropium 

may decrease the bronchodilatory effect

alprazolam

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

bromazepam

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

clobazam

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

clonazepam

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

clorazepic acid

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

pilocarpine

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

nicotine intranasal

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

methacholine

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

carbachol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

bethanechol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

cariprazine

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

chlorprothixene

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

lorpiprazole

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

lumateperone

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

lurasidone

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

chlorpromazine

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

haloperidol

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

pimozide

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

promazine

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

zuclopenthixol

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

glibenclamide

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

acetohexamide

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

chlorpropamide

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

gliclazide

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

glimepiride

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

regular insulin

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

pioglitazone

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

phenformin

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

glyburide

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

pramlintide

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

regular insulin

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

pioglitazone

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

empagliflozin

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

insulin lispro

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

tolbutamide

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

primidone

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

phenobarbital

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

carbamazepine

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

efavirenz

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

isoniazid

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

pilocarpine

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

nicotine intranasal

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

methacholine

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

carbachol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

bethanechol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

insulin beef

may increase the effect of insulins

insulin degludec

may increase the effect of insulins

insulin detemir

may increase the effect of insulins

insulin glargine

may increase the effect of insulins

insulin glulisine

may increase the effect of insulins

memantine donepezil

it may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers 

galantamine

it may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

donepezil transdermal

it may increase the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers

donepezil (Rx)

it may increase the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers

diphenhydramine/ibuprofen

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

meclofenamate

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

aspirin

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

carprofen

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

naproxen

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

memantine/donepezil

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

donepezil (Rx)

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

donepezil transdermal

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

carbaryl

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

rivastigmine

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

amiodarone

amiodarone may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

telmisartan

it may enhance the serum potassium levels

ketoprofen 

when combined may increase anticoagulation

indomethacin 

it enhances the serum potassium levels

regular insulin

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

pioglitazone

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

exenatide

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

linagliptin

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

vildagliptin

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

etilfrine 

it increases the effect of bradycardia of Beta-Blockers

dulaglutide

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

insulin aspart

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

insulin beef

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

insulin degludec

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

insulin detemir

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

guanidine 

may increase the toxic effect

sequelerin

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

aripiprazole

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

aripiprazole lauroxil

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

asenapine

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

brexpiprazole

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

spirapril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

trandolapril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

zofenopril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

benazepril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

captopril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

nifedipine 

may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with nifedipine

neostigmine

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

isoflurophate

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

memantine/donepezil

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

donepezil (Rx)

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

donepezil transdermal

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

amisulpride

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

sulpiride

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

sultopride

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

sequelerin

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

aripiprazole

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

aripiprazole lauroxil

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

asenapine

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

brexpiprazole

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

tanshinone I

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

rosmarinic acid

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

caryophyllene

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

ursolic acid

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

cepharanthine

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

mepivacaine 

may enhance the serum concentration when combined with mepivacaine

Frequency Defined 

1-10% 

Insomnia (8%-10%)  

Dizziness (10%)  

Upper respiratory infection (5%)  

Rhinitis (4%)  

Arthralgia (3%)  

Diarrhea (4%)  

Cough (3%)  

Nausea (2%)  

Dyspnea (2%)  

Pharyngitis (2%)  

Vomiting (2%)  

Sinusitis (2%)  

<1% 

Hypotension  

Cold extremities  

Depression 

Bronchospasm   

Dyspepsia  

Frequency Not Defined 

Decrease HDL  

Aggravate CHF  

Hypertriglyceridemia  

Decreased exercise tolerance  

Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

 

Black Box Warning 

bisoprolol carries a Black Box Warning for its potential to cause serious and potentially life-threatening heart failure in patients with existing heart disease. 

 

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindications: 

  • Hypersensitivity to bisoprolol or any component of the formulation 
  • Cardiogenic shock 
  • Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block (unless a pacemaker is in place) 
  • Sick sinus syndrome (unless a pacemaker is in place) 
  • Severe bradycardia (heart rate less than 50 beats per minute) 
  • Uncontrolled heart failure 
  • Metabolic acidosis 
  • Severe peripheral arterial circulatory disorders 

Cautions: 

  • Renal impairment 
  • Hepatic impairment 
  • Bronchospastic disease (asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) 
  • Thyrotoxicosis 
  • Diabetes mellitus 
  • Pheochromocytoma (bisoprolol should be used with caution in patients with pheochromocytoma as it may provoke an acute hypertensive crisis) 
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding (bisoprolol should be used with caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women as its safety has not been established) 
  • Bisoprolol may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. 
  • Bisoprolol may cause exacerbation of asthma or COPD. 
  • Bisoprolol may cause bradycardia and may exacerbate symptoms of heart failure. 
  • Bisoprolol may increase the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension. 
  • Bisoprolol may cause sleep disturbances and depression. 

Pregnancy warnings:     

US FDA pregnancy category: C 

Lactation:   

Excreted into human milk is unknown.  

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

 

Pharmacology: 

bisoprolol is a beta-blocker medication that works by blocking the action of certain hormones, such as adrenaline, on the heart and blood vessels. This results in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.  

Pharmacodynamics: 

bisoprolol works by binding to beta-1 receptors in the heart and blood vessels, which results in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. It also reduces the workload on the heart and improves blood flow to the heart.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

It is rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration. The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood (Cmax) is reached within 1-2 hours. Food does not affect the absorption of bisoprolol.  

Distribution 

bisoprolol is highly bound to plasma proteins (about 98%) and has a large volume of distribution (about 12L/kg). It also crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta.  

Metabolism 

It is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme. The main metabolite is the inactive 4′-hydroxybisoprolol.  

Elimination and excretion 

bisoprolol is excreted mainly in the urine, with about 70% of the dose excreted within 24 hours. The elimination half-life of bisoprolol is about 9-12 hours.  

 

Administration: 

Oral administration: 

Bisoprolol is typically administered as a tablet or extended-release capsule, taken orally once or twice daily. The dosage and frequency of administration will depend on the condition being treated and the patient’s response to the medication. 

It is important to take bisoprolol exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider, and not to change the dosage or frequency without consulting a healthcare professional. Bisoprolol should be taken with food and should be taken at the same time each day to maintain a consistent level of the drug in the bloodstream. 

Patients should be advised to swallow the tablet whole, and not to crush or chew it. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible, unless it is close to the time for the next dose. In this case, the missed dose should be skipped, and the patient should continue with their regular dosing schedule. 

Patients should also be advised to avoid drinking alcohol while taking bisoprolol, as it may increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness or drowsiness. Bisoprolol should also be used with caution in elderly patients, as they may be more sensitive to the drug’s effects. 

  

 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: bisoprolol 

Why do we use bisoprolol? 

bisoprolol is a beta-blocker medication that is used for several medical conditions, including: 

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure): bisoprolol is used to lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of certain hormones, such as adrenaline, on the heart and blood vessels. 
  • Angina (chest pain): bisoprolol is used to reduce the frequency and severity of angina attacks by slowing the heart rate and decreasing the workload on the heart. 
  • Heart failure: it can improve symptoms and survival rates in patients with heart failure by reducing the workload on the heart and improving the heart’s pumping ability. 
  • Post-myocardial infarction (heart attack): it may be used after a heart attack to reduce the risk of another heart attack and improve the heart’s pumping ability. 
  • Atrial fibrillation: it may be used to slow down the heart rate and reduce symptoms in patients with atrial fibrillation. 

ADVERTISEMENT 

bisoprolol

Brand Name :

Zebeta, Monocor

Synonyms :

bisoprolol

Class :

Beta-1 Selective, Beta-Blockers




No data available for drug.

Dosage Forms & Strengths 

Tablet  

5mg  

10mg  

 

Safety & efficacy not established 

 

Refer to adult dosing 

 

DRUG INTERACTION

bisoprolol

&

  • prednisolone and gentamicin ophthalmic
  • promethazine and codeine
  • poractant alfa
  • protamine sulfate
  • aflibercept intravitreal
  • prednicarbate
  • promethazine/dextromethorphan
  • codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazine
  • potassium phosphate
  • glatiramer acetate
  • gentamicin (Ophthalmic)
  • leniolisib
  • rezafungin
  • fluorometholone
  • dalfampridine
  • hydrocortisone topical 
  • empagliflozin and linagliptin
  • triamcinolone topical
  • minocycline topical
  • minocycline dental
  • ketotifen ophthalmic
  • darunavir and cobicistat
  • lidocaine topical
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin/lidocaine (OTC)
  • lidocaine/ hydrocortisone
  • lidocaine anesthetic
  • lidocaine ophthalmic
  • lidocaine/tetracaine
  • desonide
  • dabigatran
  • fexofenadine
  • fluoride
  • decitabine and cedazuridine
  • dasiglucagon
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic
  • epoetin alfa
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan
  • trimethobenzamide
  • dexamethasone/ tobramycin
  • tafasitamab
  • valacyclovir
  • mebendazole
  • levoleucovorin
  • flaxseed
  • germanium
  • glutathione
  • lycopene
  • pygeum
  • horseradish
  • ziv-aflibercept
  • micafungin
  • trofinetide
  • taliglucerase alfa
  • tildrakizumab
  • sulopenem (Pending FDA Approval)
  • thyrotropin alfa
  • birch
  • thrombin, topical
  • tivozanib
  • tafluprost
  • methohexital
  • urea and hydrocortisone
  • unoprostone ophthalmic
  • trihexyphenidyl
  • ezetimibe
  • evolocumab
  • trifluridine and tipiracil
  • methenamine
  • misoprostol
  • miltefosine
  • rimantadine
  • maralixibat
  • coenzyme Q10
  • chlorella
  • garlic
  • forskolin
  • zavegepant
  • menotropins
  • margetuximab
  • meprobamate
  • melarsoprol
  • evening primrose oil
  • lemongrass
  • molindone
  • fenugreek
  • phytosterols
  • red yeast rice
  • uridine triacetate
  • tropicamide
  • incobotulinumtoxinA
  • Grape Seed Extract
  • carbachol ophthalmic
  • cosyntropin
  • cyclopentolate and phenylephrine
  • carteolol ophthalmic
  • pentazocine/naloxone
  • pentazocine/acetaminophen
  • casimersen
  • carisoprodol, aspirin, and codeine
  • carisoprodol
  • carboprost tromethamine
  • flurandrenolide
  • brinzolamide/brimonidine
  • betamethasone topical
  • omaveloxolone
  • bardoxolone
  • allogeneic processed thymus tissue
  • fluocinolone topical
  • tacrolimus topical
  • ruxolitnib topical
  • pimecrolimus topical
  • sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
  • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  • mitotane
  • elbasvir/​grazoprevir
  • wheat dextrin
  • vanadium
  • iron/folic acid/vitamin/mineral
  • molybdenum
  • sparsentan
  • velmanase alfa-tycv
  • pegcetacoplan
  • ferrous sulfate
  • cyclosporine ophthalmic
  • ferric pyrophosphate
  • ammonium lactate
  • etelcalcetide
  • iodoquinol
  • sucroferric oxyhydroxide
  • doxercalciferol
  • terconazole vaginal
  • cortisone
  • pyronaridine
  • tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic
  • tenapanor
  • tesamorelin
  • benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • nadolol and bendroflumethiazide
  • spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
  • COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA
  • atosiban
  • bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide
  • ephedrine/guaifenesin
  • clonidine/chlorthalidone
  • captopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan
  • candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • ciclesonide intranasal
  • cromolyn sodium ophthalmic
  • methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
  • valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene
  • moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • mometasone/intranasal
  • ofloxacin ophthalmic
  • cysteamine
  • metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/olmesartan
  • eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/telmisartan
  • hydrochlorothiazide/aliskiren
  • betamethasone/clotrimazole
  • telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • benazepril/amlodipine
  • bezlotoxumab
  • propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • bupropion/naltrexone
  • burosumab
  • acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution
  • bupivacaine and meloxicam
  • budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)
  • valerian
  • entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa
  • carbidopa/levodopa
  • calaspargase pegol
  • cabotegravir
  • cefixime
  • calfactant
  • brinzolamide
  • daprodustat
  • brimonidine and timolol
  • brodalumab
  • buprenorphine and naloxone
  • hydrocortisone acetic acid otic
  • butorphanol
  • butoconazole
  • adapalene and benzoyl peroxide
  • acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • midodrine
  • baloxavir marboxil
  • bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone topical
  • avatrombopag
  • glucagon
  • atenolol/chlorthalidone
  • adefovir
  • activated charcoal
  • avalglucosidase alfa
  • aclidinium and formoterol
  • iclaprim (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ampicillin/sulbactam
  • quinupristin/dalfopristin
  • lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir
  • acetaminophen and caffeine
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom
  • abacavir and lamivudine
  • anifrolumab
  • elacestrant
  • anidulafungin
  • acetohydroxamic acid
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • anthralin
  • pirtobrutinib
  • gabapentin
  • galsulfase
  • gadoterate meglumine
  • ferric gluconate
  • ferric derisomaltose
  • ethanolamine oleate
  • eteplirsen
  • vasopressin
  • desmopressin
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
  • ecallantide
  • econazole topical
  • dornase alfa
  • aspirin/dipyridamole
  • dipyridamole
  • difenoxin and atropine
  • diflorasone
  • difluprednate ophthalmic
  • eptinezumab
  • diethylpropion
  • dexchlorpheniramine
  • dexmethylphenidate
  • serdexmethylphenidate/​dexmethylphenidate
  • bexagliflozin
  • galcanezumab
  • fremanezumab
  • tapinarof topical
  • darifenacin
  • dalbavancin
  • darbepoetin alfa
  • azilsartan
  • colestipol
  • corticorelin
  • crotamiton
  • crofelemer
  • allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/fibroblasts in bovine collagen
  • tapentadol
  • cyclopentolate
  • polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • ketoconazole topical
  • tavaborole
  • tagraxofusp
  • crisaborole
  • crizanlizumab
  • satralizumab
  • spinosad
  • sacubitril/valsartan
  • sargramostim
  • sebelipase alfa
  • regadenoson
  • ribociclib/letrozole
  • ragweed allergen extract
  • radium-223 dichloride
  • secnidazole
  • setmelanotide
  • polycarbophil
  • plecanatide
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • pertuzumab
  • pertuzumab/trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • pamidronate
  • halcinonide
  • glecaprevir/​pibrentasvir
  • glucarpidase
  • golodirsen
  • dextrose
  • hexaminolevulinate
  • iohexol
  • ferric citrate
  • elapegademase
  • emicizumab
  • erenumab
  • danaparoid
  • dantrolene
  • eflapegrastim
  • edaravone
  • amcinonide
  • carglumic acid
  • alcaftadine ophthalmic
  • agalsidase beta
  • afamelanotide
  • fosdenopterin
  • lidocaine and chlorhexidine
  • levorphanol
  • calcifediol
  • factor VIIa, recombinant
  • triheptanoin
  • peanut oral allergen powder
  • teprotumumab
  • poly-L-lactic acid/carboxymethylcellulose/mannitol
  • xenon Xe 129 hyperpolarized
  • ublituximab
  • anacaulase
  • glatiramer
  • peginterferon beta-1a
  • interferon beta-1a
  • onabotulinumtoxinA
  • cycloserine
  • ethionamide
  • cabotegravir and rilpivirine
  • vericiguat
  • omidenepag isopropyl
  • azelastine/fluticasone intranasal
  • benzyl peroxide
  • vutrisiran
  • brimonidine
  • testosterone topical
  • lenacapavir
  • tebentafusp
  • mosunetuzumab
  • faricimab
  • ganirelix
  • nadofaragene firadenovec
  • ozenoxacin
  • guaifenesin
  • adagrasib
  • guselkumab
  • adalimumab-aacf
  • nonoxynol-9
  • nifurtimox
  • nusinersen
  • nitazoxanide
  • mavacamten
  • calcipotriene
  • bimatoprost
  • obinutuzumab
  • amifostine
  • oxycodone/​aspirin
  • oxycodone/ibuprofen
  • oteseconazole
  • oxychlorosene
  • porfimer
  • pramoxine /hydrocortisone topical
  • podofilox
  • quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom/pyrilamine
  • levobunolol
  • paregoric
  • idursulfase
  • lesinurad and allopurinol
  • latanoprost/​netarsudil ophthalmic
  • lactase enzyme
  • bioadherent oral
  • latanoprost and timolol
  • latanoprostene bunod
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • hemin
  • deucravacitinib
  • house dust mite allergen extract
  • halobetasol topical/tazarotene
  • remimazolam
  • somatropin
  • remifentanil
  • ethotoin
  • etidronate
  • empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin
  • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir AF
  • empagliflozin/​linagliptin
  • evinacumab
  • finasteride and tadalafil
  • flortaucipir (18F)
  • proparacaine/ fluorescein ophthalmic
  • fluorescein/benoxinate ophthalmic
  • fluphenazine
  • alogliptin/​metformin
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • alitretinoin topical
  • dextrose/ sodium citrate/fructose
  • dasabuvir
  • ombitasvir​/paritaprevir/​ritonavir
  • hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • hydroxyamphetamine/​tropicamide
  • acamprosate
  • gadobutrol
  • teclistamab
  • tremelimumab
  • futibatinib
  • etranacogene dezaparvovec
  • olutasidenib
  • naproxen and diphenhydramine
  • naratriptan
  • gadopiclenol
  • gadoxetate
  • gadoversetamide
  • naphazoline/pheniramine
  • naphazoline
  • nalbuphine
  • vosoritide
  • vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
  • moxidectin
  • basiliximab
  • fecal microbiota, live-jslm
  • ibuprofen/famotidine
  • famotidine
  • raxibacumab
  • omalizumab
  • measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
  • senna/docusate
  • dinoprostone
  • measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
  • immune globulin IM (IGIM)
  • dyclonine
  • doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
  • ivacaftor/tezacaftor
  • treosulfan
  • tranexamic acid
  • norethindrone acetate/​estradiol/​elagolix
  • artesunate
  • trientine
  • trifarotene
  • ziconotide
  • vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
  • pyrithione zinc
  • zinc oxide topical
  • naphazoline/​zinc sulfate/​glycerin ophthalmic
  • voretigene neparvovec
  • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
  • bebetelovimab
  • sodium chloride
  • relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
  • defibrotide
  • prothionamide
  • liraglutide
  • maitake
  • etilfrine
  • alpha-lipoic acid
  • ramosetron
  • olodaterol/tritropium
  • cimetropium
  • umeclidinium
  • itopride
  • secretin
  • naftopidil
  • trimeprazine
  • benperidol
  • chlormethiazole
  • multivitamins
  • secukinumab
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterol
  • amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
  • tirzepatide
  • relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
  • mupirocin
  • alvimopan
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • insulin regular human
  • insulin aspart protamine/​insulin aspart
  • insulin isophane human/​insulin regular human
  • insulin degludec/insulin aspart
  • teplizumab
  • chlordiazepoxide/clidinium
  • aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid
  • aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • olodaterol/tiotropium
  • umeclidinium bromide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • travoprost ophthalmic
  • loxapine
  • eptifibatide
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • trandolapril/​verapamil
  • abciximab
  • artificial saliva
  • diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine
  • diphtheria, haemophilus B, pertussis, polio, tetanus vaccine
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine/hepatitis b vaccine
  • butalbital/aspirin/caffeine 
  • colchicine/probenecid
  • atovaquone and proguanil
  • ursodiol
  • chenodiol
  • casirivimab/imdevimab
  • tixagevimab/cilgavimab
  • molnupiravir
  • bebtelovimab
  • calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybate
  • sodium oxybate
  • diphtheria, polio, pertussis acellular, tetanus vaccine
  • pseudoephedrine loratadine
  • sodium chloride nasal
  • hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • atorvastatin and ezetimibe
  • teriparatide
  • alendronate and cholecalciferol
  • alprostadil (IV)
  • romosozumab
  • risedronate
  • alendronate
  • glyburide/metformin
  • clorazepate
  • rosuvastatin/​ezetimibe
  • paclitaxel/encequidar
  • valsartan/amlodipine
  • enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • enalapril and felodipine
  • amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
  • triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
  • lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • tegaserod
  • rhein
  • ritanserin
  • sulfaphenazole
  • sulconazole
  • taurursodiol
  • bromeperidol
  • carbapenems
  • fotemustine
  • difelikefalin
  • bromopride
  • alizapride
  • olopatadine
  • oxomemazine
  • paraldehyde
  • oxcarbazepine
  • kratom
  • elexacaftor
  • oritavancin
  • miocamycin
  • curcumin sulfate
  • seproxetine
  • clotrimazole
  • remacemide
  • piperine
  • ditiocarb
  • danoprevir
  • oxetacaine
  • topiroxostat
  • indisulam
  • tofisopam
  • noscapine
  • thiopental
  • tioconazole
  • nicotinamide
  • rutin
  • mequitazine
  • somatostatin
  • vapreotide
  • econazole
  • saracatinib
  • lestaurtinib
  • efonidipine
  • zimelidine
  • indalpine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • benidipine
  • dapoxetine
  • tesmilifene
  • pergolide
  • sitaxentan
  • resveratrol
  • bifonazole
  • tildipirosin
  • solithromycin
  • selamectin
  • imiquimod topical
  • fluorouracil topical
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • interferon alfa-2b
  • alteplase
  • tanshinone I
  • rosmarinic acid
  • caryophyllene
  • ursolic acid
  • cepharanthine
  • veliflapon
  • mirikizumab
  • cp-96345
  • famprofazone
  • peoniflorin
  • fepradinol
  • licofelone
  • polmacoxib
  • ebselen
  • taxifolin
  • betulinic acid
  • flurbiprofen axetil
  • talniflumate
  • morniflumate
  • nitroaspirin
  • firocoxib
  • ns-398
  • cimicoxib
  • robenacoxib
  • sc-236
  • imidazole salicylate
  • trolamine salicylate
  • pirprofen
  • benorilate
  • ethenzamide
  • mofebutazone
  • proquazone
  • carbaspirin calcium
  • guacetisal
  • proglumetacin
  • propyphenazone
  • pranoprofen
  • bendazac
  • tenidap
  • lonazolac
  • nifenazone
  • flunoxaprofen
  • difenpiramide
  • feprazone
  • bufexamac
  • alminoprofen
  • suxibuzone
  • fentiazac
  • tinoridine
  • tepoxalin
  • indobufen
  • flunixin
  • propacetamol
  • clonixin
  • droxicam
  • epirizole
  • etofenamate
  • ibuproxam
  • indoprofen
  • kebuzone
  • felbinac
  • zaltoprofen
  • azapropazone
  • zomepirac
  • niflumic acid
  • magnesium salicylate
  • suprofen
  • nepafenac
  • bromfenac
  • ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone (otic) (Rx)
  • hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin otic (Rx)
  • vigabatrine
  • valproate
  • tezepelumab (Rx)
  • triamcinolone acetonide/nystatin
  • triamcinolone suprachoroidal (Rx)
  • triamcinolone, intranasal
  • ciclesonide inhaled
  • diosmin
  • tirbanibulin
  • padeliporfin
  • roxadustat
  • aminosalicylic acid
  • rasburicase
  • tetracaine
  • articaine
  • ropivacaine
  • nitrous oxide
  • sulfapyridine
  • sulfanilamide
  • mafenide
  • isometheptene
  • amyl nitrite
  • antipyrine
  • isosorbide dinitrate
  • prilocaine
  • nitroglycerin
  • tobacco
  • batefenterol
  • hexoprenaline
  • pf-00610355
  • racepinephrine
  • protokylol
  • doxofylline
  • phenylpropanolamine
  • isoetharine
  • ephedra sinica root
  • dipivefrin
  • arbutamine
  • norepinephrine
  • fenoterol
  • clenbuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • epinephrine
  • ritodrine
  • procaterol
  • orciprenaline
  • bitolterol
  • abediterol
  • fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium and vilanterol
  • fluticasone furoate and vilanterol
  • mometasone and formoterol
  • pramoxine topical (OTC)
  • menthol/pramoxine (topical)
  • tetrastarch
  • plasma protein fraction
  • hetastarch
  • rokitamycin
  • ridaforolimus
  • oleandomycin
  • patupilone
  • mitemcinal
  • midecamycin
  • mirvetuximab soravtansine
  • lorvotuzumab mertansine
  • kitasamycin
  • flurithromycin
  • eprinomectin
  • epofolate
  • epothilone D
  • coltuximab ravtansine
  • dirithromycin
  • doramectin
  • cethromycin
  • carbomycin
  • paramethasone
  • dexamethasone isonicotinate
  • quinupristin
  • sarilumab
  • dalfopristin
  • curcumin
  • luliconazole
  • procaine
  • chloroprocaine
  • phencyclidine
  • tenocyclidine
  • profenamine
  • halothane
  • lfenprodil
  • calcium levulinate
  • agmatine
  • calcium pangamate
  • calcium glubionate
  • edodekin alfa
  • beloranib
  • aflibercept
  • endostar
  • volociximab
  • roquinimex
  • anecortave acetate
  • squalamine
  • brolucizumab
  • trebananib
  • semaxanib
  • endostatin
  • halofuginone
  • resveratol
  • ranibizumab
  • fumagilin
  • bevacizumab
  • hyperforin
  • aminohippuric acid
  • opicapone
  • pafolacianine
  • bempedoic acid
  • belantamab mafodotin
  • prasterone
  • glecaprevir
  • levomenol
  • parachlorophenol
  • gadoxetic acid
  • cholecystokinin
  • caspofungin
  • ouabain
  • rifampicin
  • taurocholic acid
  • methylphosphinic acid
  • revefenacin
  • isoprenaline
  • posiphen
  • acotiamide
  • triflupromazine
  • pegvisomant
  • pipecuronium
  • regramostim
  • betaine
  • phenserine
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • cinchocaine
  • pancuronium
  • bambuterol
  • hexafluronium
  • aprotinin
  • tyrothricin
  • decamethonium
  • ipidacrine
  • tubocurarine
  • paraoxon
  • ginkgo biloba
  • methanesulfonyl fluoride
  • dichlorvos
  • fenthion
  • metrifonate
  • coumaphos
  • huperzine A
  • distigmine
  • neostigmine
  • isoflurophate
  • tasosartan
  • fimasartan
  • methylthioninium
  • minaprine
  • gallamine triethiodide
  • ambenonium
  • abiraterone
  • mibefradil
  • hydrocortisone (systemic)
  • cetirizine (systemic)
  • Talimogene Laherparepvec
  • Diacerein
  • Magnesium glucoheptonate
  • acyclovir and hydrocortisone
  • acyclovir (ophthalmic)
  • acyclovir (topical)
  • docosanol cream
  • camphor and phenol
  • dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine
  • peramivir
  • lisdexamfetamine
  • ergoloid mesylates
  • memantine/donepezil
  • tranylcypromine
  • isocarboxazid
  • methenamine/sodium salicylate/benzoic acid
  • mometasone topical (Rx)
  • Esketamine intranasal
  • Oracit
  • Shohls Solution
  • sodium lactate
  • sodium citrate
  • lecanemab
  • donepezil (Rx)
  • donepezil transdermal
  • sodium thiosulfate
  • ciclopirox
  • undecylenic acid
  • butenafine
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • zoledronic acid
  • calcitonin salmon
  • pizotifen
  • indoramin
  • salicylic acid acne
  • minoxidil topical
  • adapalene
  • orlistat
  • COVID-19 subunit vaccine
  • amoxicillin /vonoprazan
  • levamlodipine (Rx)
  • Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • simvastatin/ezetimibe
  • amlodipine/atorvastatin
  • amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
  • lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • noradrenaline
  • carbaryl
  • botulinum toxin
  • atropine
  • artemether/lumefantrine
  • ergonovine
  • bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
  • ibalizumab
  • dolutegravir
  • hydrocodone/pseudoephedrine
  • cetirizine/pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
  • acetaminophen IV/ibuprofen IV (Pending FDA Approval)
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • acetaminophen/caffeine
  • Acetaminophen/magnesium salicylate/pamabrom
  • megestrol
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
  • folic acid-cyanocobalamin-pyridoxine
  • L-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
  • estropipate
  • betamethasone (systemic)
  • dolutegravir and lamivudine
  • zidovudine and lamivudine
  • mineral oil (oral/rectal)
  • regular insulin
  • dextromethorphan/bupropion
  • diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
  • enfuvirtide
  • doxapram
  • methamphetamine
  • dextroamphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
  • aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • acetaminophen, pheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
  • guaifenesin and phenylephrine
  • rivastigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • arecoline
  • physostigmine
  • abobotulinumtoxinA
  • echothiophate iodide
  • malathion
  • glibenclamide
  • rimabotulinumtoxinB
  • pioglitazone
  • daxibotulinumtoxinA
  • prabotulinumtoxinA
  • mepenzolate
  • trospium
  • modafinil
  • budesonide (oral inhalation)
  • budesonide (nasal)
  • budesonide (Topical)
  • vedolizumab
  • hydrocodone and homatropine
  • homatropine (ophthalmic)
  • methscopolamine
  • oxandrolone
  • nandrolone
  • fluoxymesterone
  • procyclidine
  • biperiden
  • benztropine
  • oxymetholone
  • ipratropium
  • belladonna/opium
  • pilocarpine
  • nicotine intranasal
  • succinylcholine
  • cromolyn sodium
  • mepolizumab
  • palivizumab
  • reslizumab
  • dupilumab
  • potassium iodide
  • benzralizumab
  • beclomethasone (nasal)
  • tetrahydrozoline
  • fluticasone (topical)
  • tecovirimat
  • entacapone
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
  • smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
  • terazosin
  • labetalol 
  • smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (live, nonreplicating) (US: Availability limited to health department/CDC expanded access protocol) (Rx)
  • oxymetazoline
  • xylometazoline
  • meclizine
  • prazosin
  • belinostat
  • nabilone
  • tripelennamine
  • bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
  • levalbuterol
  • rifaximin
  • cotrimoxazole
  • ethacrynic acid
  • senna
  • bisacodyl
  • sodium picosulfate, citric acid, and magnesium oxide
  • kaolin
  • anastrozole
  • docusate
  • cascara
  • dichlorphenamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • methylcellulose
  • magnesium sulfate 
  • talazoparib
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • bacillus clausii
  • psyllium
  • bifidobacterium
  • lactobacillus
  • saccharomyces boulardii
  • lanreotide
  • cyproterone
  • ramucirumab (Rx)
  • fidaxomicin
  • tobramycin (systemic)
  • dacomitinib
  • pembrolizumab
  • amikacin (systemic)
  • panitumumab
  • blinatumomab
  • durvalumab
  • olaratumab
  • necitumumab
  • moxetumomab pasudotox
  • mogamulizumab
  • inotuzumab
  • dinutuximab
  • pentamycin
  • dibekacin
  • cemiplimab
  • gemtuzumab
  • demeclocycline
  • omadacycline
  • tobramycin (ophthalmic)
  • sarecycline
  • cefiderocol
  • valrubicin
  • plicamycin
  • denileukin diftitox
  • decitabine
  • niraparib
  • methacholine
  • carbachol
  • bethanechol
  • acetylcholine
  • atezolizumab
  • raloxifene
  • avelumab
  • leucovorin
  • cladabrine
  • pralatrexate
  • meclofenamate
  • pemetrexed
  • ustekinumab
  • diroximel fumarate
  • daratumumab
  • coccidioidin skin test
  • candida albicans extract
  • brewer’s yeast
  • poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • elotuzumab
  • trimetrexate
  • l-methyl folate
  • Methyclothiazide
  • Influenza virus vaccine
  • acitretin
  • tafamidis
  • sapropterin
  • Pidotimod
  • nitisinone
  • Mipomersen
  • levetiracetam
  • Inebilizumab
  • Diethylamine salicylate
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Cephalothin
  • alitretinoin
  • Alitretinoin
  • methotrexate
  • Verteporfin
  • Omacetaxine
  • methyl aminolevulinate topical
  • efgartigimod alfa
  • aminolevulinic acid
  • cetuximab
  • streptozocin
  • zoster vaccine recombinant
  • lyme disease vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine
  • daclizumab
  • lomustiine
  • amitriptyline
  • triptorelin
  • Tedizolid
  • rituximab
  • darolutamide
  • Altretamine
  • Varicella-zoster vaccine
  • topotecan
  • ajmaline
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • poliovirus vaccine
  • adenovirus vaccine type 7
  • adenovirus vaccine type 4
  • brincidofovir
  • lenograstim
  • ofatumumab
  • doxorubicin
  • thioguanine
  • tetanus toxoid
  • primidone
  • lipegfilgrastim
  • pegaspargase
  • monomethyl fumarate
  • ibritumomab
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant)
  • influenza virus vaccine, h5n1, live
  • carmustine
  • influenza virus vaccine (h5n1), adjuvanted
  • influenza a (h5n1) vaccine
  • eluxadoline
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
  • idecabtagene vicleucel
  • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
  • thiotepa
  • tocilizumab
  • levodopa inhaled
  • efalizumab
  • canakinumab
  • aminoglutethimide
  • ado-trastuzumab emtansine
  • adenovirus vaccine
  • zoster vaccine live
  • typhoid vaccine, live
  • influenza virus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine, h1n1, live
  • delavirdine
  • paclitaxel
  • siltuximab
  • miconazole
  • fludarabine
  • epirubicin
  • vinblastine
  • lomustine
  • risankizumab
  • rilonacept
  • pacritinib
  • linezolid
  • griseofulvin
  • vincristine
  • rufinamide
  • phenobarbital
  • nelarabine
  • mitoxantrone
  • mitomycin
  • mitapivat
  • letermovir
  • lasmiditan
  • idarubicin
  • filgrastim
  • elagolix
  • daunorubicin
  • daclatasvir
  • carfilzomib
  • brentuximab
  • anakinra
  • alefacept
  • thalidomide
  • teriflunomide
  • rubella virus vaccine
  • ozanimod
  • mumps virus vaccine
  • measles virus vaccine
  • golimumab
  • etanercept
  • certolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • etoposide
  • mechlorethamine
  • adenovirus type 7 vaccine
  • melphalan
  • palifermin
  • pimecrolimus
  • ropeginterferon alfa 2b
  • tacrolimus
  • tofacitinib
  • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
  • amphotericin B deoxycholate
  • amphotericin B liposomal
  • amphotericin B phospholipid complex
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed
  • denosumab
  • diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
  • echinacea
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
  • hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
  • hepatitis a/b vaccine
  • hepatitis b vaccine
  • HIV vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
  • hydroxyurea
  • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1)
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
  • meningococcal group B vaccine
  • ofatumumab SC
  • pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
  • pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
  • pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
  • poliovirus vaccine inactivated
  • rabies vaccine
  • sipuleucel-T
  • trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab deruxtecan
  • eslicarbazepine acetate
  • vitamin A
  • rifampin
  • belzutifan
  • belimumab
  • belatacept
  • armodafinil
  • amobarbital
  • alemtuzumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • nivolumab
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • desogestrel
  • butalbital
  • brexanolone
  • zoster vaccine
  • yellow fever vaccine
  • varicella virus vaccine
  • smallpox vaccine
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • rubella vaccine
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
  • atracurium
  • dengue vaccine
  • tisagenlecleucel
  • lisocabtagene maraleucel
  • ciltacabtagene autoleucel
  • brexucabtagene autoleucel
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel
  • chlorambucil
  • ethinyl estradiol
  • dicumarol
  • atenolol
  • anisindione
  • penicillin G benzathine
  • sequelerin
  • chloramphenicol
  • heparin
  • enoxaparin
  • dalteparin
  • bivalirudin
  • argatroban
  • willow bark
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • aspirin rectal
  • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
  • aspirin
  • ganaxolone
  • erythromycin stearate
  • erythromycin lactobionate
  • erythromycin ethylsuccinate
  • elbasvir/grazoprevir
  • daridorexant
  • cholera vaccine
  • lumacaftor/ivacaftor
  • dienogest/estradiol valerate
  • zafirlukast
  • urofollitropin
  • tralokinumab
  • torsemide
  • tazarotene
  • pseudoephedrine
  • propoxiphene napsylate
  • propoxiphene hydrochloride
  • oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
  • oxymetazoline hydrochloride
  • naxitamab
  • nandrolone decanoate
  • methylphenidate
  • methocarbamol
  • idoxuridine
  • hyaluronidase
  • hyaluronic acid
  • gonadoreline hydrochloride
  • glycopyrrolate
  • ganirelix acetate
  • gallium citrate
  • fulvestrant
  • fexofenadine hydrochloride
  • fenefluramine hydrochloride
  • febuxostat
  • famciclovir
  • ergocalciferol
  • divalproex sodium
  • diclorfenamide
  • dezocine
  • desmopressin acetate
  • demeclocycline hydrochloride
  • defibrotide sodium
  • deferiprone
  • deferasirox
  • daunorubicin hydrochloride
  • darunavir
  • darifenacin hydrobromide
  • daptomycin
  • dapsone
  • dantrolene sodium
  • danazol
  • dalafampridine
  • dalbavancin Hydrochloride
  • daclatasvir dihydrochloride
  • dactinomycin
  • dacitabine
  • cefiderocol sulfate tosylate
  • butoconazole nitrate
  • benralizumab (Rx)
  • albuterol
  • acetylcysteine
  • acebutolol
  • acam2000
  • abrocitinib
  • abatacept
  • abametapir
  • abaloparatide
  • chloroquine
  • ferric maltol
  • lorlatinib
  • piracetam
  • timolol
  • chlorothiazide
  • ferric pyrophosphate citrate
  • lornoxicam
  • piretanide
  • tinidazole
  • chloroxylenol
  • ferric sulfate
  • lorpiprazole
  • pirfenidone
  • tiopronin
  • chlorpheniramine
  • ferrous bisglycinate
  • losartan
  • piroxicam
  • tiotropium
  • chlorpromazine
  • ferrous fumarate
  • lovastatin
  • pitavastatin
  • tipranavir
  • chlorpropamide
  • ferrous gluconate
  • loxoprofen
  • pitolisant
  • tirofiban
  • chlorprothixene
  • ferrous succinate
  • lubiprostone
  • pivampicillin
  • tisotumab vedotin
  • chlorthalidone
  • ferrous sulfate anhydrous
  • lumateperone
  • pivmecillinam
  • tixocortol
  • chlorzoxazone
  • ferumoxides
  • lumefantrine
  • plazomicin
  • tizanidine
  • abiraterone
  • cholecalciferolc
  • ferumoxsil
  • lumiracoxib
  • plerixafor
  • tobramycin (oral inhalation)
  • acalabrutinib
  • choline c 11
  • ferumoxytol
  • lurasidone
  • polatuzumab vedotin
  • tocainide
  • acarbose
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • fesoterodine
  • lurbinectedin
  • polythiazide
  • tocofersolan
  • aceclofenac
  • choline salicylate
  • fexinidazole
  • lynestrenol
  • pomalidomide
  • tocopherol
  • acemetacin
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • finasteride
  • macimorelin
  • ponatinib
  • acenocoumarol
  • chromic chloride
  • finerenone (Rx)
  • macitentan
  • ponesimod
  • tolazamide
  • acetaminophen
  • chromic nitrate
  • fish oil
  • magaldrate
  • posaconazole
  • tolbutamide
  • acetazolamide
  • chromium
  • flavoxate
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • tolcapone
  • acetohexamide
  • chromium gluconate
  • flecainide
  • magnesium carbonate
  • potassium acetate
  • tolfenamic acid
  • acetylsalicylic acid
  • chromium nicotinate
  • flibanserin
  • magnesium chloride
  • potassium bicarbonate
  • tolmetin
  • acipimox
  • chromous sulfate
  • floctafenine
  • magnesium citrate
  • potassium cation
  • tolterodine
  • aclidinium
  • ciclesonide
  • florbetaben (18f)
  • magnesium gluconate
  • potassium chloride
  • tolvaptan
  • acrivastine
  • cidofovir
  • florbetapir (18f)
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • potassium citrate
  • topiramate
  • acyclovir
  • cilazapril
  • floxuridine
  • magnesium oxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • adefovir dipivoxil
  • cilostazol
  • flucloxacillin
  • magnesium silicate
  • potassium perchlorate
  • torasemide
  • adenosine
  • cimetidine
  • fluconazole
  • potassium sulfate
  • toremifene
  • agomelatine
  • cinacalcet
  • flucytosine
  • magnesium trisilicate
  • tositumomab
  • albendazole
  • cinnarizine
  • fludeoxyglucose (18f)
  • mangafodipir
  • pralidoxime
  • trabectedin
  • albiglutide
  • cinoxacin
  • fludrocortisone
  • manidipine
  • pralsetinib
  • tramadol
  • albutrepenonacog alfa
  • ciprofibrate
  • fluindione
  • mannitol
  • pramipexole
  • trametinib
  • alclofenac
  • cisapride
  • flumazenil
  • maprotiline
  • pramlintide
  • trandolapril
  • aldesleukin
  • cisplatin
  • flumethasone
  • maraviroc
  • prasugrel
  • trastuzumab emtansine
  • alectinib
  • citalopram
  • flunarizine
  • maribavir
  • pravastatin
  • trazodone
  • alendronic acid
  • cladribine
  • flunisolide
  • mebeverine
  • prazepamb
  • treprostinil
  • alfentanil
  • clarithromycin
  • flunitrazepam
  • mecamylamine
  • praziquantel
  • tretinoin
  • alfuzosin
  • clemastine
  • fluocinolone acetonide
  • mecasermin
  • prednisolone
  • triamcinolone
  • alimemazine
  • clevidipine
  • fluocinonide
  • meclofenamic acid
  • prednisolone acetate
  • triamterene
  • aliskiren
  • clindamycin
  • fluocortolone
  • medrogestone
  • prednisolone phosphate
  • triazolam
  • allopurinol
  • clobazam
  • fluorouracil
  • medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • prednisone (Rx)
  • trichlormethiazide
  • almasilate
  • clobetasol propionate
  • fluoxetine
  • mefenamic acid
  • prednisone acetate
  • triclabendazole
  • almotriptan
  • clofarabine
  • flupentixol
  • mefloquine
  • pregabalin
  • triethylenetetramine
  • alogliptin
  • clofazimine
  • fluprednisolone
  • megestrol acetate
  • pregnenolone
  • trifluoperazine
  • alosetron
  • clofibrate
  • flurazepam
  • melatonin
  • prenylamine
  • trifluridine
  • alpelisib
  • clomipramine
  • flurbiprofen
  • meloxicam
  • pretomanid
  • trilaciclib
  • alprazolam
  • fluspirilene
  • memantine
  • primaquine
  • trilostane
  • clonidine
  • flutamide
  • menthyl salicylate
  • probenecid
  • trimebutine
  • aluminium phosphate
  • clopidogrel
  • fluticasone (nasal)
  • meperidine
  • probucol
  • trimethadione
  • aluminum hydroxide
  • clorazepic acid
  • fluticasone furoate
  • mephenytoin
  • procainamide
  • trimethoprim
  • amantadine
  • clotiazepam
  • fluticasone propionate
  • mepivacaine
  • procaine benzylpenicillin
  • ambrisentan (Rx)
  • clove oil
  • fluvastatin
  • meprednisone
  • procarbazine
  • trimipramine
  • ambroxol
  • cloxacillin
  • fluvoxamine
  • mepyramine
  • prochlorperazine
  • triprolidine
  • amifampridine
  • folic acid
  • mercaptopurine
  • progesterone
  • amikacin (oral inhalation)
  • fomepizole
  • meropenem
  • promazine
  • troglitazone
  • amiloride
  • fondaparinux
  • mesalazine
  • promethazine
  • troleandomycin
  • aminophenazone
  • clonazepam
  • formestane
  • mesoridazine
  • propafenone
  • tropisetron
  • aminophylline
  • formoterol
  • mestranol
  • propantheline
  • trovafloxacin
  • amiodarone
  • fosamprenavir
  • metamfetamine
  • propiverine
  • tucatinib
  • amisulpride
  • fosaprepitant
  • metamizole
  • propofol
  • typhoid vaccine
  • foscarnet
  • metaxalone
  • propranolol
  • ubidecarenone
  • amlodipine
  • fosfomycin
  • metformin
  • propylthiouracil
  • ubrogepant
  • ammonium chloride
  • fosinopril
  • methadone
  • protriptyline
  • udenafil
  • amodiaquine
  • clozapine
  • fosnetupitant
  • methazolamide
  • prucalopride
  • ulipristal
  • amoxapine
  • cobicistat
  • fosphenytoin
  • methimazole
  • prussian blue
  • upadacitinib
  • amoxicillin
  • cobimetinib
  • fostamatinib
  • pyrantel
  • vaborbactam
  • amphetamine
  • cocaine
  • fostemsavir
  • methotrimeprazine
  • pyrazinamide
  • valaciclovir
  • amphotericin b
  • codeine
  • framycetin
  • methoxsalen
  • valbenazine
  • ampicillin
  • colchicine
  • frovatriptan
  • methsuximide
  • pyrimethamine
  • valdecoxib
  • amprenavir
  • colistimethate
  • furosemide
  • methyldopa
  • pyrithione
  • valganciclovir
  • amrinone
  • colistin
  • fusidic acid
  • methylene blue
  • quazepam
  • valproic acid
  • anagrelide
  • conivaptan
  • gabapentin enacarbil
  • methylergometrine
  • quetiapine
  • valsartan
  • ancestim
  • conjugated estrogens
  • gadobenic acid
  • methylnaltrexone
  • vancomycin
  • antazoline
  • copanlisib
  • gadodiamide
  • methylprednisolone
  • quinapril
  • vandetanib
  • corifollitropin alfa
  • gadofosveset trisodium
  • methylprednisolone aceponate
  • quinethazone
  • vardenafil
  • corticotropin
  • gadopentetic acid
  • methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
  • quinidine
  • varenicline
  • cortisone acetate
  • gadoteric acid
  • methylprednisone
  • quinine
  • velpatasvir
  • antrafenine
  • crizotinib
  • gadoteridol
  • methyltestosterone
  • rabeprazole
  • vemurafenib
  • apalutamide
  • cyanocobalamin
  • galantamine
  • methysergide
  • raltegravir
  • venetoclax
  • apixaban
  • cyclacillin
  • ganciclovir
  • meticillin
  • ramelteon
  • venlafaxine
  • apomorphine
  • cyclandelate
  • gatifloxacin
  • meticrane
  • ramipril
  • verapamil
  • apremilast
  • cyclizine
  • gefitinib
  • metoclopramide
  • ranitidine
  • vernakalant
  • aprepitant
  • cyclobenzaprine
  • gemcitabine
  • metolazone
  • ranolazine
  • vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr strain live antigen
  • arformoterol
  • cyclopenthiazide
  • gemfibrozil
  • metoprolol
  • rasagiline
  • vilanterol
  • aripiprazole
  • cyclophosphamide
  • gemifloxacin
  • metronidazole
  • reboxetine
  • vilazodone
  • aripiprazole lauroxil
  • cyclosporine
  • gentamicin
  • metyrapone
  • regorafenib
  • vildagliptin
  • arsenic trioxide
  • cyclothiazide
  • gestrinone
  • mexiletine
  • relebactam
  • viloxazine
  • artemether
  • cyproheptadine
  • gilteritinib
  • mezlocillin
  • relugolix
  • asciminib
  • cyproterone acetate
  • gimeracil
  • mianserin
  • remdesivir
  • asenapine
  • cytarabine
  • givosiran
  • midazolam
  • repaglinide
  • vindesine
  • astemizole
  • dabrafenib
  • glasdegib
  • midostaurin
  • rescinnamine
  • vinflunine
  • asunaprevir
  • dacarbazine
  • gliclazide
  • mifepristone
  • reserpine
  • vinorelbine
  • atazanavir
  • dapagliflozin
  • glimepiride
  • migalastat
  • resorcinol
  • vismodegib
  • atogepant
  • dasatinib
  • glipizide
  • miglitol
  • retapamulin
  • vitamin d
  • atomoxetine
  • deflazacort
  • gliquidone
  • milnacipran
  • ribavirin
  • vitamin e
  • atorvastatin
  • degarelix
  • glyburide
  • milrinone
  • ribociclib
  • voclosporin
  • atovaquone
  • delafloxacin
  • glycerol phenylbutyrate
  • minocycline
  • ribostamycin
  • vorapaxar
  • auranofin
  • delamanid
  • glycol salicylate
  • mirabegron
  • rifabutin
  • voriconazole
  • aurothioglucose
  • desflurane
  • glymidine
  • mirtazapine
  • rifamycin
  • vorinostat
  • avacopan
  • desipramine
  • golodirsen
  • rifapentine
  • vortioxetine
  • avanafil
  • desloratadine
  • goserelin
  • mobocertinib
  • rilpivirine
  • voxelotor
  • avapritinib
  • desoximetasone
  • granisetron
  • riluzole
  • voxilaprevir
  • axitinib
  • deutetrabenazine
  • grazoprevir
  • moexipril
  • rimegepant
  • warfarin
  • azacitidine
  • dexamethasone
  • grepafloxacin
  • mometasone furoate
  • rimonabant
  • yohimbine
  • azatadine
  • dexamethasone acetate
  • guanabenz
  • montelukast
  • riociguat
  • zaleplon
  • azathioprine
  • dexbrompheniramine
  • guanethidine
  • moricizine
  • ripretinib
  • zanamivir
  • azelaic acid
  • dexchlorpheniramine maleate
  • guanfacine
  • morphine
  • risdiplam
  • zanubrutinib
  • azelastine
  • dexfenfluramine
  • guanidine
  • moxifloxacin
  • risedronic acid
  • zidovudine
  • azilsartan medoxomil
  • dexibuprofen
  • halofantrine
  • moxisylyte
  • risperidone
  • zileuton
  • azithromycin
  • dexketoprofen
  • haloperidol
  • muzolimine
  • ritonavir
  • zinc
  • azlocillin
  • dexlansoprazole
  • hetacillin
  • mycophenolate mofetil
  • rivaroxaban
  • zinc acetate
  • aztreonam
  • dexmedetomidine
  • histrelin
  • mycophenolic acid
  • rizatriptan
  • zinc ascorbate
  • bacampicillin
  • dexpanthenol
  • hydralazine
  • n-acetyltyrosine
  • rofecoxib
  • zinc chloride
  • bacitracin
  • dexrazoxane
  • hydrochlorothiazide
  • nabumetone
  • roflumilast
  • zinc gluconate
  • baclofen
  • dextran
  • hydrocodone
  • nadolol
  • rolapitant
  • zinc oxide
  • balsalazide
  • dextromethorphan
  • hydrocortisone
  • nafarelin
  • romidepsin
  • zinc sulfate
  • baricitinib
  • dextropropoxyphene
  • hydrocortisone acetate
  • nafcillin
  • ropinirole
  • zinc sulfate, unspecified form
  • bcg vaccine
  • diatrizoate
  • hydrocortisone butyrate
  • naldemedine
  • ziprasidone
  • beclomethasone dipropionate
  • diazepam
  • hydrocortisone cypionate
  • nalidixic acid
  • rosiglitazone
  • zofenopril
  • bedaquiline
  • dichlorobenzyl alcohol
  • hydrocortisone phosphate
  • nalmefene
  • rosoxacin
  • zolmitriptan
  • belumosudil
  • diclofenac
  • hydrocortisone succinate
  • naloxegol
  • rosuvastatin
  • zolpidem
  • benazepril
  • diclofenamide
  • hydroflumethiazide
  • naloxone
  • rotigotine
  • zonisamide
  • bendamustine
  • dicloxacillin
  • hydromorphone
  • naltrexone
  • roxithromycin
  • zopiclone
  • bendroflumethiazide
  • dicoumarol
  • hydrotalcite
  • naproxen
  • rucaparib
  • zotepine
  • dicyclomine
  • hydroxocobalamin
  • nateglinide
  • rupatadine
  • zuclopenthixol
  • benoxaprofen
  • didanosine
  • hydroxychloroquine
bisoprolol + 

droxidopa

may decrease the bronchodilatory effect

enzalutamide

CYP3A strong enhancers of the small intestine may reduce the bioavailability of bisoprolol

nebivolol

may enhance the anti-hypertensive effect when both drugs are combined

olodaterol/tiotropium 

may decrease the bronchodilatory effect

alprazolam

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

bromazepam

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

clobazam

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

clonazepam

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

clorazepic acid

The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics

pilocarpine

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

nicotine intranasal

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

methacholine

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

carbachol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

bethanechol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

cariprazine

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

chlorprothixene

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

lorpiprazole

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

lumateperone

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

lurasidone

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

chlorpromazine

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

haloperidol

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

pimozide

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

promazine

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

zuclopenthixol

May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers

glibenclamide

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

acetohexamide

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

chlorpropamide

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

gliclazide

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

glimepiride

beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas

regular insulin

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

pioglitazone

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

phenformin

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

glyburide

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

pramlintide

may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

regular insulin

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

pioglitazone

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

empagliflozin

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

insulin lispro

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

tolbutamide

beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents

primidone

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

phenobarbital

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

carbamazepine

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

efavirenz

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

isoniazid

may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers

pilocarpine

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

nicotine intranasal

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

methacholine

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

carbachol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

bethanechol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

insulin beef

may increase the effect of insulins

insulin degludec

may increase the effect of insulins

insulin detemir

may increase the effect of insulins

insulin glargine

may increase the effect of insulins

insulin glulisine

may increase the effect of insulins

memantine donepezil

it may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers 

galantamine

it may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

donepezil transdermal

it may increase the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers

donepezil (Rx)

it may increase the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers

diphenhydramine/ibuprofen

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

meclofenamate

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

aspirin

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

carprofen

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

naproxen

NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers

memantine/donepezil

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

donepezil (Rx)

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

donepezil transdermal

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

carbaryl

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

rivastigmine

acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers

amiodarone

amiodarone may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

telmisartan

it may enhance the serum potassium levels

ketoprofen 

when combined may increase anticoagulation

indomethacin 

it enhances the serum potassium levels

regular insulin

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

pioglitazone

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

exenatide

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

linagliptin

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

vildagliptin

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

etilfrine 

it increases the effect of bradycardia of Beta-Blockers

dulaglutide

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

insulin aspart

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

insulin beef

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

insulin degludec

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

insulin detemir

Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins

guanidine 

may increase the toxic effect

sequelerin

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

aripiprazole

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

aripiprazole lauroxil

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

asenapine

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

brexpiprazole

may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers

spirapril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

trandolapril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

zofenopril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

benazepril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

captopril

may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers

nifedipine 

may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with nifedipine

neostigmine

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

isoflurophate

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

memantine/donepezil

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

donepezil (Rx)

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

donepezil transdermal

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

amisulpride

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

sulpiride

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

sultopride

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

sequelerin

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

aripiprazole

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

aripiprazole lauroxil

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

asenapine

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

brexpiprazole

may increase the effect of beta-blockers

tanshinone I

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

rosmarinic acid

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

caryophyllene

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

ursolic acid

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

cepharanthine

may reduce the effect of beta-blockers

mepivacaine 

may enhance the serum concentration when combined with mepivacaine

Actions and Spectrum: 

Actions of bisoprolol include: 

  • Lowering blood pressure: it works by blocking the effects of the hormone adrenaline on the blood vessels, which causes them to relax and widens, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. 
  • Decreasing heart rate: it also blocks the effects of adrenaline on the heart, which slows down the heart rate and reduces the workload on the heart. 
  • Improving heart function: By reducing the workload on the heart and lowering blood pressure, bisoprolol can help improve heart function in patients with heart failure. 
  • Relieving angina symptoms: it can help to relieve symptoms of angina by decreasing the workload on the heart and reducing the need for oxygen in the heart muscle. 

The spectrum of bisoprolol includes: 

  • High blood pressure: it is commonly used to treat high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. 
  • Heart failure: it can be used to treat heart failure, a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. 
  • Angina: it can be used to treat angina, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. 
  • Arrhythmias: it may also be used to treat certain types of arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms. 

Frequency Defined 

1-10% 

Insomnia (8%-10%)  

Dizziness (10%)  

Upper respiratory infection (5%)  

Rhinitis (4%)  

Arthralgia (3%)  

Diarrhea (4%)  

Cough (3%)  

Nausea (2%)  

Dyspnea (2%)  

Pharyngitis (2%)  

Vomiting (2%)  

Sinusitis (2%)  

<1% 

Hypotension  

Cold extremities  

Depression 

Bronchospasm   

Dyspepsia  

Frequency Not Defined 

Decrease HDL  

Aggravate CHF  

Hypertriglyceridemia  

Decreased exercise tolerance  

Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia

 

Black Box Warning 

bisoprolol carries a Black Box Warning for its potential to cause serious and potentially life-threatening heart failure in patients with existing heart disease. 

 

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindications: 

  • Hypersensitivity to bisoprolol or any component of the formulation 
  • Cardiogenic shock 
  • Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block (unless a pacemaker is in place) 
  • Sick sinus syndrome (unless a pacemaker is in place) 
  • Severe bradycardia (heart rate less than 50 beats per minute) 
  • Uncontrolled heart failure 
  • Metabolic acidosis 
  • Severe peripheral arterial circulatory disorders 

Cautions: 

  • Renal impairment 
  • Hepatic impairment 
  • Bronchospastic disease (asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) 
  • Thyrotoxicosis 
  • Diabetes mellitus 
  • Pheochromocytoma (bisoprolol should be used with caution in patients with pheochromocytoma as it may provoke an acute hypertensive crisis) 
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding (bisoprolol should be used with caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women as its safety has not been established) 
  • Bisoprolol may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. 
  • Bisoprolol may cause exacerbation of asthma or COPD. 
  • Bisoprolol may cause bradycardia and may exacerbate symptoms of heart failure. 
  • Bisoprolol may increase the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension. 
  • Bisoprolol may cause sleep disturbances and depression. 

Pregnancy warnings:     

US FDA pregnancy category: C 

Lactation:   

Excreted into human milk is unknown.  

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

 

Pharmacology: 

bisoprolol is a beta-blocker medication that works by blocking the action of certain hormones, such as adrenaline, on the heart and blood vessels. This results in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.  

Pharmacodynamics: 

bisoprolol works by binding to beta-1 receptors in the heart and blood vessels, which results in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. It also reduces the workload on the heart and improves blood flow to the heart.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

It is rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration. The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood (Cmax) is reached within 1-2 hours. Food does not affect the absorption of bisoprolol.  

Distribution 

bisoprolol is highly bound to plasma proteins (about 98%) and has a large volume of distribution (about 12L/kg). It also crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta.  

Metabolism 

It is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme. The main metabolite is the inactive 4′-hydroxybisoprolol.  

Elimination and excretion 

bisoprolol is excreted mainly in the urine, with about 70% of the dose excreted within 24 hours. The elimination half-life of bisoprolol is about 9-12 hours.  

 

Administration: 

Oral administration: 

Bisoprolol is typically administered as a tablet or extended-release capsule, taken orally once or twice daily. The dosage and frequency of administration will depend on the condition being treated and the patient’s response to the medication. 

It is important to take bisoprolol exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider, and not to change the dosage or frequency without consulting a healthcare professional. Bisoprolol should be taken with food and should be taken at the same time each day to maintain a consistent level of the drug in the bloodstream. 

Patients should be advised to swallow the tablet whole, and not to crush or chew it. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible, unless it is close to the time for the next dose. In this case, the missed dose should be skipped, and the patient should continue with their regular dosing schedule. 

Patients should also be advised to avoid drinking alcohol while taking bisoprolol, as it may increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness or drowsiness. Bisoprolol should also be used with caution in elderly patients, as they may be more sensitive to the drug’s effects. 

  

 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: bisoprolol 

Why do we use bisoprolol? 

bisoprolol is a beta-blocker medication that is used for several medical conditions, including: 

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure): bisoprolol is used to lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of certain hormones, such as adrenaline, on the heart and blood vessels. 
  • Angina (chest pain): bisoprolol is used to reduce the frequency and severity of angina attacks by slowing the heart rate and decreasing the workload on the heart. 
  • Heart failure: it can improve symptoms and survival rates in patients with heart failure by reducing the workload on the heart and improving the heart’s pumping ability. 
  • Post-myocardial infarction (heart attack): it may be used after a heart attack to reduce the risk of another heart attack and improve the heart’s pumping ability. 
  • Atrial fibrillation: it may be used to slow down the heart rate and reduce symptoms in patients with atrial fibrillation. 

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