fbpx
exenatide - Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - medtigo

ADVERTISEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT

exenatide

Brand Name :

Bydureon DSC, Bydureon BCise, Byetta 10 MCG pen

Synonyms :

exenatida, exenatide synthetic 

Class :

Antidiabetics, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists (Incretin mimetics)





No data available for drug.

Actions and Spectrum: 

exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of the hormone GLP-1 to lower blood glucose levels. It has the following actions and spectrum of effects: 

  • Stimulates insulin secretion: exenatide stimulates insulin secretion in response to glucose. It binds to GLP-1 receptors on pancreatic beta cells, which triggers the release of insulin. 
  • Suppresses glucagon secretion: exenatide also suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells. Glucagon is a hormone that increases blood glucose levels, so suppressing its secretion helps to lower blood glucose levels. 
  • Slows down gastric emptying: exenatide slows down the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. This delays the absorption of glucose from food, which helps to lower blood glucose levels. 
  • Promotes weight loss: exenatide has been shown to promote weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes. This effect is thought to be mediated through its action on GLP-1 receptors in the brain, which leads to reduced appetite and increased feelings of fullness. 
  • Improves lipid profiles: exenatide has been shown to improve lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes, including reducing triglyceride levels and increasing HDL cholesterol levels. 
  • Reduces blood pressure: exenatide has been shown to reduce blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes, although the mechanism behind this effect is not well understood. 

DRUG INTERACTION

exenatide

&

  • nivolumab and relatlimab
  • relatlimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • benzalkonium chloride/benzocaine
  • ketotifen, drug-eluting contact lens
  • calcitriol topical
  • oxymetazoline topical
  • alclometasone topical
  • capsaicin topical
  • diclofenac/misoprostol
  • diclofenac ophthalmic
  • diclofenac topical
  • pramoxine/calamine topical
  • veverimer(Pending FDA approval)
  • tolazoline
  • olopatadine ophthalmic
  • lutetium lu 177-dota-tate
  • lutetium lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan
  • strontium 89 chloride
  • interferon alfa n3
  • lutetium Lu 177- Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic acid-omburtamab (FDA Approval Pending)
  • samarium sm 153 lexidronam
  • cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CMV IG)
  • antithymocyte globulin rabbit
  • inolimomab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • olopatadine intranasal
  • olopatadine intranasal/​mometasone, intranasal
  • benzocaine/butamben/tetracaine topical
  • antipyrine/benzocaine/phenylephrine
  • dyclonine/menthol
  • surufatinib
  • fruquintinib
  • tepotinib 
  • dostarlimab
  • hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
  • remestemcel-L
  • benzocaine/menthol oropharyngeal
  • interferon beta 1b
  • tetracaine/oxymetazoline intranasal
  • benzocaine oropharyngeal
  • benzalkonium chloride/menthol/petrolatum topical
  • inamrinone
  • alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
  • potassium bicarbonate/potassium citrate
  • potassium phosphate/sodium acid phosphate
  • asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi recombinant
  • motixafortide
  • pegloticase
  • etesevimab
  • Rho(D) immune globulin
  • tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
  • reltecimod (pending FDA approval)
  • avasopasem
  • trimethoprim/polymyxin B ophthalmic
  • naphazoline ophthalmic
  • sulfacetamide topical
  • sirolimus intravitreal (pending FDA approval)
  • sirolimus protein bound
  • sirolimus topical
  • glycopyrronium tosylate topical
  • sofpironium
  • olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide
  • dovitinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • epinephrine inhaled
  • quizartinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ranibizumab intravitreal injection
  • sodium hyaluronate
  • bacitracin and lidocaine topical
  • brimonidine topical
  • benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin topical
  • talquetamab
  • betrixaban
  • acetaminophen/caffeine/pyrilamine
  • fentanyl transmucosal
  • bacitracin topical
  • buprenorphine,long-acting injection
  • buprenorphine buccal
  • nalmefene intranasal
  • sulbactam/durlobactam
  • metronidazole topical 
  • daratumumab/hyaluronidase
  • glofitamab
  • rituximab-hyaluronidase
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate
  • loncastuximab tesirine
  • ingenol mebutate topical
  • momelotinib
  • trastuzumab/deruxtecan
  • trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • trastuzumab duocarmazine
  • lifileucel
  • umbralisib
  • eflornithine/sulindac
  • cytarabine/daunorubicin liposomal
  • doxorubicin liposomal
  • epcoritamab
  • lanadelumab  
  • esomeprazole/naproxen 
  • terbinafine topical
  • ravulizumab
  • clotrimazole topical
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • tacrolimus ointment
  • mechlorethamine topical
  • donislecel
  • pozelimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • rabies immune globulin, human (RIG)
  • melphalan flufenamide
  • sintilimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • oportuzumab monatox (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sotorasib
  • irinotecan liposomal
  • sulfur topical
  • silver sulfadiazine
  • capsaicin transdermal
  • sutimlimab
  • tretinoin topical
  • acetaminophen rectal
  • menthol topical
  • naftifine
  • oatmeal, colloidal topical
  • oxiconazole
  • methylsalicylate/menthol topical
  • C1 inhibitor human
  • lifitegrast ophthalmic
  • prednisolone/sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • mannitol inhalation
  • ofloxacin otic
  • petrolatum & mineral oil topical
  • clascoterone topical
  • gefapixant (Pending FDA Approval)
  • colesevelam
  • technetium Tc 99m succimer
  • nebivolol/valsartan
  • ciprofloxacin/fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • finafloxacin otic
  • magnesium hydroxide/mineral oil
  • phenylephrine/mineral oil/petrolatum rectal
  • carbamide peroxide oral
  • atropine ophthalmic
  • sodium sulfacetamide/sulfur
  • sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • lucinactant
  • benzonatate
  • besifloxacin ophthalmic
  • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • beractant
  • trimagnesium citrate anhydrous
  • vitamin b2
  • carbamide peroxide otic
  • mineral oil topical
  • ethyl alcohol intranasal
  • boric acid/alcohol otic
  • absorbable gelatin compressed sponge, USP
  • absorbable gelatin sponge, USP
  • vincristine liposomal
  • technetium Tc 99m albumin aggregated injection
  • metaproterenol
  • budesonide inhaled/formoterol/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • epinephrine racemic
  • umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled
  • indacaterol, inhaled/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • betaine  
  • laronidase 
  • estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            
  • cerliponase alfa
  • ertugliflozin/sitagliptin
  • hawthorn
  • shepherd’s purse
  • thiamine
  • naphazoline/glycerin ophthalmic
  • oxymetazoline ophthalmic
  • dorzolamide
  • dexamethasone intraocular
  • dexamethasone/ciprofloxacin
  • dexamethasone ophthalmic
  • metipranolol ophthalmic
  • timolol ophthalmic
  • boron
  • fezolinetant
  • pegunigalsidase alfa-iwxj
  • biotin
  • pantothenic acid
  • silicon
  • sodium acid phosphate
  • hypochlorous acid topical
  • methenamine/sodium acid phosphate
  • aviptadil 
  • bremelanotide
  • glucagon intranasal
  • metformin and repaglinide
  • bai ji
  • pau d’arco
  • juzentaihoto
  • mistletoe
  • quercetin
  • rosemary
  • sheng di huang
  • chasteberry
  • maitake
  • grapefruit
  • lentinan
  • juniper
  • nettle
  • parsley
  • rose hips
  • tongkat ali
  • horny goat weed
  • damiana
  • yohimbe
  • insulin NPH
  • aprocitentan
  • noni Juice
  • sodium iodide I-131
  • green tea
  • sea cucumber
  • wheat germ extract
  • fenofibrate micronized 
  • rogisen
  • danshen
  • lutein
  • witch hazel
  • dextroamphetamine transdermal
  • amphetamine/dextroamphetamine
  • hoodia
  • kolanut
  • boswellia
  • opuntia ficus indica
  • lavender
  • nadh
  • tea tree oil
  • metformin/sitagliptin 
  • dapagliflozin/ metformin/saxagliptin  
  • antihemophilic factor recombinant
  • inclisiran
  • bempedoic acid/ezetimibe
  • volanesorsen  
  • omega 3 carboxylic acids
  • pericyazine
  • levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)
  • betaxolol ophthalmic
  • respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, adjuvanted
  • phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
  • alirocumab
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/gramicidin ophthalmic
  • factor IX
  • gentamicin topical
  • ansofaxine (Pending FDA Approval)
  • zuranolone (Pending FDA Approval)
  • factor IX, recombinant
  • factor IX complex
  • factor XIII A-subunit, recombinant
  • factor X, human
  • mesalamine rectal
  • etrasimod
  • anti-inhibitor coagulant complex
  • factor IX, recombinant/albumin fusion protein
  • fibrinogen, human
  • aminocaproic acid
  • metyrosine
  • nonoxynol-9 vaginal
  • progesterone intravaginal gel
  • ipecac syrup
  • botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent
  • pentetate calcium trisodium
  • crotalidae polyvalent immune FAB (ovine)
  • dehydrated alcohol injection 
  • gold sodium thiomalate (Discontinued)
  • lactic acid/citric acid/potassium bitartrate vaginal
  • von Willebrand factor, recombinant
  • luspatercept
  • digoxin immune FAB (Antidote)
  • crotalidae immune FAB (equine)
  • magnesium (Antidote)
  • pyridoxine (Antidote)
  • edetate calcium disodium
  • albumin IV
  • nitroglycerin sublingual
  • obiltoxaximab
  • anthrax immune globulin
  • nitroglycerin topical
  • dextrose
  • nesiritide
  • estradiol vaginal
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • botulism immune globulin iv
  • amoxicillin/omeprazole/rifabutin
  • synthetic human angiotensin II
  • nitroglycerin IV
  • nitroglycerin translingual
  • nitroprusside sodium
  • tetrahydrozoline/zinc sulfate/hypromellose ophthalmic
  • sodium citrate/citric acid
  • pemetrexate
  • methicillin
  • plasminogen 
  • acai
  • american ginseng
  • cordyceps
  • tramadol/acetaminophen
  • belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbital
  • erythromycin topical/benzoyl peroxide
  • glucosamine sulfate
  • panax ginseng (suppl/herb)
  • tolnaftate
  • sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sulfur hexafluoride
  • sotrovimab
  • arbaclofen
  • rifampin/isoniazid
  • clindamycin /tretinoin topical
  • benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical
  • apremilast
  • antivenins, centuroides (scorpion)
  • bamlanivimab and etesevimab
  • vilobelimab
  • gadobenate
  • pentosan polysulfate sodium
  • methylsalicylate/menthol/camphor topical
  • antivenin, black widow spider
  • benzoyl peroxide and hydrocortisone
  • clindamycin topical
  • isometheptene, dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen
  • acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine
  • erythromycin topical
  • erythromycin ophthalmic
  • alpha hydroxy acids, topical
  • buprenorphine transdermal
  • butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine
  • buprenorphine/samidorphan
  • buprenorphine subdermal implant
  • celecoxib/tramadol
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol
  • resorcinol/sulfur
  • eflornithine
  • rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
  • tofersen
  • devil’s claw
  • ticarcillin/clavulanate
  • atropine/pralidoxime
  • aprepitant
  • suramin
  • phenelzine 
  • artichoke
  • american dogwood
  • attapulgite
  • atlantic cedar
  • axalimogene filolisbac
  • sodium thiosulfate & sodium nitrite
  • ataluren
  • omidubicel-onlv
  • capsicum
  • ginger
  • cryoprecipitate
  • bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • fo-ti
  • siberian ginseng
  • granulocytes
  • zinc substituted heme C
  • zinc trihydroxide
  • ashwagandha 
  • cat’s claw
  • glandular products
  • SAMe
  • shark cartilage
  • altovis
  • feverfew
  • horse chestnut
  • magnesium aspartate
  • octacosanol
  • pleurisy root
  • star anise
  • butterbur
  • elderberry
  • licorice (Suppl/herb)
  • aconite
  • pentetate zinc trisodium
  • menthol topical/zinc oxide topical
  • corn-starch/kaolin/zinc oxide topical
  • 5-htp
  • butcher’s broom
  • articulin
  • bearberry
  • goldenrod
  • progesterone, natural
  • black cohosh
  • wild yam
  • cranberry
  • dong quai
  • phytoestrogens
  • norethindrone
  • false Unicorn Root
  • raspberry Leaf
  • asafoetida
  • turmeric
  • dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
  • hyaluronan
  • aliskiren/amlodipine
  • octreotide (Antidote)
  • tranexamic acid injection
  • duocal
  • neocate infant formula
  • pediatric Eo28
  • aloe
  • red clover
  • propolis
  • androstenedione
  • heartsease
  • comfrey
  • bilberry
  • chamomile
  • eyebright
  • calendula
  • sage
  • yucca
  • polypody
  • odevixibat
  • vinpocetine
  • olanzapine/samidorphan
  • creatine
  • yerba mate
  • spesolimab
  • azficel-T
  • tiludronate
  • estetrol and drospirenone
  • pseudoephedrine/fexofenadine
  • lincomycin
  • neomycin oral
  • fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • tretinoin/ hydroquinone/ fluocinolone
  • halobetasol topical
  • hydrocortisone/​iodoquinol
  • penicillin G procaine /penicillin G benzathine
  • hydrocortisone probutate topical
  • colistin/neomycin/hydrocortisone/thonzonium otic
  • ebola zaire vaccine
  • hepatitis a/​b vaccine
  • vibegron
  • lindane
  • nystatin topical
  • respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine
  • chikungunya vaccine
  • tenecteplase
  • reteplase
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted
  • meningococcal ABCWY pentavalent vaccine
  • eculizumab
  • cholestyramine
  • tinzaparin
  • taurolidine/​citrate/​heparin
  • protein C concentrate
  • antithrombin alfa
  • antithrombin III
  • multivitamins, vision
  • ibuprofen/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/ibuprofen
  • ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine
  • paclitaxel protein-bound
  • acetic acid vaginal
  • acetic acid otic
  • hydrocodone/ ibuprofen
  • methyl salicylate / isopropanol/ citronellyl acetate/ citric acid
  • ibuprofen and phenylephrine
  • acetylcysteine (Antidote)
  • iron/​folic acid/​vitamin/​mineral
  • iobenguane I-131
  • dolutegravir/rilpivirine
  • chlorhexidine topical
  • chlorhexidine oral
  • thyroid desiccated
  • proparacaine ophthalmic
  • podophyllum resin
  • phendimetrazine
  • phenoxybenzamine
  • polidocanol
  • phentermine and topiramate
  • piflufolastat F18
  • piperacillin/tazobactam
  • prednisolone and gentamicin ophthalmic
  • promethazine and codeine
  • poractant alfa
  • protamine sulfate
  • aflibercept intravitreal
  • prednicarbate
  • promethazine/dextromethorphan
  • codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazine
  • potassium phosphate
  • glatiramer acetate
  • gentamicin (Ophthalmic)
  • leniolisib
  • rezafungin
  • fluorometholone
  • dalfampridine
  • hydrocortisone topical 
  • empagliflozin and linagliptin
  • triamcinolone topical
  • minocycline topical
  • minocycline dental
  • ketotifen ophthalmic
  • darunavir and cobicistat
  • lidocaine topical
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin/lidocaine (OTC)
  • lidocaine/ hydrocortisone
  • lidocaine anesthetic
  • lidocaine ophthalmic
  • lidocaine/tetracaine
  • desonide
  • dabigatran
  • fexofenadine
  • fluoride
  • decitabine and cedazuridine
  • dasiglucagon
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic
  • epoetin alfa
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan
  • trimethobenzamide
  • dexamethasone/ tobramycin
  • tafasitamab
  • valacyclovir
  • mebendazole
  • levoleucovorin
  • flaxseed
  • germanium
  • glutathione
  • lycopene
  • pygeum
  • horseradish
  • ziv-aflibercept
  • micafungin
  • trofinetide
  • taliglucerase alfa
  • tildrakizumab
  • sulopenem (Pending FDA Approval)
  • thyrotropin alfa
  • birch
  • thrombin, topical
  • tivozanib
  • tafluprost
  • methohexital
  • urea and hydrocortisone
  • unoprostone ophthalmic
  • trihexyphenidyl
  • ezetimibe
  • evolocumab
  • trifluridine and tipiracil
  • methenamine
  • misoprostol
  • miltefosine
  • rimantadine
  • maralixibat
  • coenzyme Q10
  • chlorella
  • garlic
  • forskolin
  • zavegepant
  • menotropins
  • margetuximab
  • meprobamate
  • melarsoprol
  • evening primrose oil
  • lemongrass
  • molindone
  • fenugreek
  • phytosterols
  • red yeast rice
  • uridine triacetate
  • tropicamide
  • incobotulinumtoxinA
  • Grape Seed Extract
  • carbachol ophthalmic
  • cosyntropin
  • cyclopentolate and phenylephrine
  • carteolol ophthalmic
  • pentazocine/naloxone
  • pentazocine/acetaminophen
  • casimersen
  • carisoprodol, aspirin, and codeine
  • carisoprodol
  • carboprost tromethamine
  • flurandrenolide
  • brinzolamide/brimonidine
  • betamethasone topical
  • omaveloxolone
  • bardoxolone
  • allogeneic processed thymus tissue
  • fluocinolone topical
  • tacrolimus topical
  • ruxolitnib topical
  • pimecrolimus topical
  • sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
  • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  • mitotane
  • elbasvir/​grazoprevir
  • wheat dextrin
  • vanadium
  • iron/folic acid/vitamin/mineral
  • molybdenum
  • sparsentan
  • velmanase alfa-tycv
  • pegcetacoplan
  • ferrous sulfate
  • cyclosporine ophthalmic
  • ferric pyrophosphate
  • ammonium lactate
  • etelcalcetide
  • iodoquinol
  • sucroferric oxyhydroxide
  • doxercalciferol
  • terconazole vaginal
  • cortisone
  • pyronaridine
  • tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic
  • tenapanor
  • tesamorelin
  • benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • nadolol and bendroflumethiazide
  • spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
  • COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA
  • atosiban
  • bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide
  • ephedrine/guaifenesin
  • clonidine/chlorthalidone
  • captopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan
  • candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • ciclesonide intranasal
  • cromolyn sodium ophthalmic
  • methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
  • valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene
  • moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • mometasone/intranasal
  • ofloxacin ophthalmic
  • cysteamine
  • metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/olmesartan
  • eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/telmisartan
  • hydrochlorothiazide/aliskiren
  • betamethasone/clotrimazole
  • telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • benazepril/amlodipine
  • bezlotoxumab
  • propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • bupropion/naltrexone
  • burosumab
  • acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution
  • bupivacaine and meloxicam
  • budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)
  • valerian
  • entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa
  • carbidopa/levodopa
  • calaspargase pegol
  • cabotegravir
  • cefixime
  • calfactant
  • brinzolamide
  • daprodustat
  • brimonidine and timolol
  • brodalumab
  • buprenorphine and naloxone
  • hydrocortisone acetic acid otic
  • butorphanol
  • butoconazole
  • adapalene and benzoyl peroxide
  • acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • midodrine
  • baloxavir marboxil
  • bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone topical
  • avatrombopag
  • glucagon
  • atenolol/chlorthalidone
  • adefovir
  • activated charcoal
  • avalglucosidase alfa
  • aclidinium and formoterol
  • iclaprim (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ampicillin/sulbactam
  • quinupristin/dalfopristin
  • lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir
  • acetaminophen and caffeine
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom
  • abacavir and lamivudine
  • anifrolumab
  • elacestrant
  • anidulafungin
  • acetohydroxamic acid
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • anthralin
  • pirtobrutinib
  • gabapentin
  • galsulfase
  • gadoterate meglumine
  • ferric gluconate
  • ferric derisomaltose
  • ethanolamine oleate
  • eteplirsen
  • vasopressin
  • desmopressin
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
  • ecallantide
  • econazole topical
  • dornase alfa
  • aspirin/dipyridamole
  • dipyridamole
  • difenoxin and atropine
  • diflorasone
  • difluprednate ophthalmic
  • eptinezumab
  • diethylpropion
  • dexchlorpheniramine
  • dexmethylphenidate
  • serdexmethylphenidate/​dexmethylphenidate
  • bexagliflozin
  • galcanezumab
  • fremanezumab
  • tapinarof topical
  • darifenacin
  • dalbavancin
  • darbepoetin alfa
  • azilsartan
  • colestipol
  • corticorelin
  • crotamiton
  • crofelemer
  • allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/fibroblasts in bovine collagen
  • tapentadol
  • cyclopentolate
  • polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • ketoconazole topical
  • tavaborole
  • tagraxofusp
  • crisaborole
  • crizanlizumab
  • satralizumab
  • spinosad
  • sacubitril/valsartan
  • sargramostim
  • sebelipase alfa
  • regadenoson
  • ribociclib/letrozole
  • ragweed allergen extract
  • radium-223 dichloride
  • secnidazole
  • setmelanotide
  • polycarbophil
  • plecanatide
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • pertuzumab
  • pertuzumab/trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • pamidronate
  • halcinonide
  • glecaprevir/​pibrentasvir
  • glucarpidase
  • golodirsen
  • dextrose (antidote)
  • hexaminolevulinate
  • iohexol
  • ferric citrate
  • elapegademase
  • emicizumab
  • erenumab
  • danaparoid
  • dantrolene
  • eflapegrastim
  • edaravone
  • amcinonide
  • carglumic acid
  • alcaftadine ophthalmic
  • agalsidase beta
  • afamelanotide
  • fosdenopterin
  • lidocaine and chlorhexidine
  • levorphanol
  • calcifediol
  • factor VIIa, recombinant
  • triheptanoin
  • peanut oral allergen powder
  • teprotumumab
  • poly-L-lactic acid/carboxymethylcellulose/mannitol
  • xenon Xe 129 hyperpolarized
  • ublituximab
  • anacaulase
  • glatiramer
  • peginterferon beta-1a
  • interferon beta-1a
  • onabotulinumtoxinA
  • cycloserine
  • ethionamide
  • cabotegravir and rilpivirine
  • vericiguat
  • omidenepag isopropyl
  • azelastine/fluticasone intranasal
  • benzyl peroxide
  • vutrisiran
  • brimonidine
  • testosterone topical
  • lenacapavir
  • tebentafusp
  • mosunetuzumab
  • faricimab
  • ganirelix
  • nadofaragene firadenovec
  • ozenoxacin
  • guaifenesin
  • adagrasib
  • guselkumab
  • adalimumab-aacf
  • nonoxynol-9
  • nifurtimox
  • nusinersen
  • nitazoxanide
  • mavacamten
  • calcipotriene
  • bimatoprost
  • obinutuzumab
  • amifostine
  • oxycodone/​aspirin
  • oxycodone/ibuprofen
  • oteseconazole
  • oxychlorosene
  • porfimer
  • pramoxine /hydrocortisone topical
  • podofilox
  • quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom/pyrilamine
  • levobunolol
  • paregoric
  • idursulfase
  • lesinurad and allopurinol
  • latanoprost/​netarsudil ophthalmic
  • lactase enzyme
  • bioadherent oral
  • latanoprost and timolol
  • latanoprostene bunod
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • hemin
  • deucravacitinib
  • house dust mite allergen extract
  • halobetasol topical/tazarotene
  • remimazolam
  • somatropin
  • remifentanil
  • ethotoin
  • etidronate
  • empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin
  • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir AF
  • empagliflozin/​linagliptin
  • evinacumab
  • finasteride and tadalafil
  • flortaucipir (18F)
  • proparacaine/ fluorescein ophthalmic
  • fluorescein/benoxinate ophthalmic
  • fluphenazine
  • alogliptin/​metformin
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • alitretinoin topical
  • dextrose/ sodium citrate/fructose
  • dasabuvir
  • ombitasvir​/paritaprevir/​ritonavir
  • hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • hydroxyamphetamine/​tropicamide
  • acamprosate
  • gadobutrol
  • teclistamab
  • tremelimumab
  • futibatinib
  • etranacogene dezaparvovec
  • olutasidenib
  • naproxen and diphenhydramine
  • naratriptan
  • gadopiclenol
  • gadoxetate
  • gadoversetamide
  • naphazoline/pheniramine
  • naphazoline
  • nalbuphine
  • vosoritide
  • vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
  • moxidectin
  • basiliximab
  • fecal microbiota, live-jslm
  • ibuprofen/famotidine
  • famotidine
  • raxibacumab
  • omalizumab
  • measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
  • senna/docusate
  • dinoprostone
  • measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
  • immune globulin IM (IGIM)
  • dyclonine
  • doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
  • ivacaftor/tezacaftor
  • treosulfan
  • tranexamic acid
  • norethindrone acetate/​estradiol/​elagolix
  • artesunate
  • trientine
  • trifarotene
  • ziconotide
  • vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
  • pyrithione zinc
  • zinc oxide topical
  • naphazoline/​zinc sulfate/​glycerin ophthalmic
  • voretigene neparvovec
  • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
  • bebetelovimab
  • sodium chloride
  • relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
  • defibrotide
  • prothionamide
  • liraglutide
  • etilfrine
  • alpha-lipoic acid
  • ramosetron
  • olodaterol/tritropium
  • cimetropium
  • umeclidinium
  • itopride
  • secretin
  • naftopidil
  • trimeprazine
  • benperidol
  • chlormethiazole
  • multivitamins
  • secukinumab
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterol
  • amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
  • tirzepatide
  • relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
  • mupirocin
  • alvimopan
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • insulin regular human
  • insulin aspart protamine/​insulin aspart
  • insulin isophane human/​insulin regular human
  • insulin degludec/insulin aspart
  • teplizumab
  • chlordiazepoxide/clidinium
  • aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid
  • aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • olodaterol/tiotropium
  • umeclidinium bromide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • travoprost ophthalmic
  • loxapine
  • eptifibatide
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • trandolapril/​verapamil
  • abciximab
  • artificial saliva
  • diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine
  • diphtheria, haemophilus B, pertussis, polio, tetanus vaccine
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine/hepatitis b vaccine
  • butalbital/aspirin/caffeine 
  • colchicine/probenecid
  • atovaquone and proguanil
  • ursodiol
  • chenodiol
  • casirivimab/imdevimab
  • tixagevimab/cilgavimab
  • molnupiravir
  • bebtelovimab
  • calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybate
  • sodium oxybate
  • diphtheria, polio, pertussis acellular, tetanus vaccine
  • pseudoephedrine loratadine
  • sodium chloride nasal
  • hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • atorvastatin and ezetimibe
  • teriparatide
  • alendronate and cholecalciferol
  • alprostadil (IV)
  • romosozumab
  • risedronate
  • alendronate
  • glyburide/metformin
  • clorazepate
  • rosuvastatin/​ezetimibe
  • paclitaxel/encequidar
  • valsartan/amlodipine
  • enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • enalapril and felodipine
  • amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
  • triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
  • lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • tegaserod
  • rhein
  • ritanserin
  • sulfaphenazole
  • sulconazole
  • taurursodiol
  • bromeperidol
  • carbapenems
  • fotemustine
  • difelikefalin
  • bromopride
  • alizapride
  • olopatadine
  • oxomemazine
  • paraldehyde
  • oxcarbazepine
  • kratom
  • elexacaftor
  • oritavancin
  • miocamycin
  • curcumin sulfate
  • seproxetine
  • clotrimazole
  • remacemide
  • piperine
  • ditiocarb
  • danoprevir
  • oxetacaine
  • topiroxostat
  • indisulam
  • tofisopam
  • noscapine
  • thiopental
  • tioconazole
  • nicotinamide
  • rutin
  • mequitazine
  • somatostatin
  • vapreotide
  • econazole
  • saracatinib
  • lestaurtinib
  • efonidipine
  • zimelidine
  • indalpine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • benidipine
  • dapoxetine
  • tesmilifene
  • pergolide
  • sitaxentan
  • resveratrol
  • bifonazole
  • tildipirosin
  • solithromycin
  • selamectin
  • imiquimod topical
  • fluorouracil topical
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • interferon alfa-2b
  • alteplase
  • tanshinone I
  • rosmarinic acid
  • caryophyllene
  • ursolic acid
  • cepharanthine
  • veliflapon
  • mirikizumab
  • cp-96345
  • famprofazone
  • peoniflorin
  • fepradinol
  • licofelone
  • polmacoxib
  • ebselen
  • taxifolin
  • betulinic acid
  • flurbiprofen axetil
  • talniflumate
  • morniflumate
  • nitroaspirin
  • firocoxib
  • ns-398
  • cimicoxib
  • robenacoxib
  • sc-236
  • imidazole salicylate
  • trolamine salicylate
  • pirprofen
  • benorilate
  • ethenzamide
  • mofebutazone
  • proquazone
  • carbaspirin calcium
  • guacetisal
  • proglumetacin
  • propyphenazone
  • pranoprofen
  • bendazac
  • tenidap
  • lonazolac
  • nifenazone
  • flunoxaprofen
  • difenpiramide
  • feprazone
  • bufexamac
  • alminoprofen
  • suxibuzone
  • fentiazac
  • tinoridine
  • tepoxalin
  • indobufen
  • flunixin
  • propacetamol
  • clonixin
  • droxicam
  • epirizole
  • etofenamate
  • ibuproxam
  • indoprofen
  • kebuzone
  • felbinac
  • zaltoprofen
  • azapropazone
  • zomepirac
  • niflumic acid
  • magnesium salicylate
  • suprofen
  • nepafenac
  • bromfenac
  • ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone (otic) (Rx)
  • hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin otic (Rx)
  • vigabatrine
  • valproate sodium injection
  • tezepelumab (Rx)
  • triamcinolone acetonide/nystatin
  • triamcinolone suprachoroidal (Rx)
  • triamcinolone, intranasal
  • ciclesonide inhaled
  • diosmin
  • tirbanibulin
  • padeliporfin
  • roxadustat
  • aminosalicylic acid
  • rasburicase
  • tetracaine
  • articaine
  • ropivacaine
  • nitrous oxide
  • sulfapyridine
  • sulfanilamide
  • mafenide
  • isometheptene
  • amyl nitrite
  • antipyrine
  • isosorbide dinitrate
  • prilocaine
  • nitroglycerin
  • tobacco
  • batefenterol
  • hexoprenaline
  • pf-00610355
  • racepinephrine
  • protokylol
  • doxofylline
  • phenylpropanolamine
  • isoetharine
  • ephedra sinica root
  • dipivefrin
  • arbutamine
  • norepinephrine
  • fenoterol
  • clenbuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • epinephrine
  • ritodrine
  • procaterol
  • orciprenaline
  • bitolterol
  • abediterol
  • fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium and vilanterol
  • fluticasone furoate and vilanterol
  • mometasone and formoterol
  • pramoxine topical (OTC)
  • menthol/pramoxine (topical)
  • tetrastarch
  • plasma protein fraction
  • hetastarch
  • rokitamycin
  • ridaforolimus
  • oleandomycin
  • patupilone
  • mitemcinal
  • midecamycin
  • mirvetuximab soravtansine
  • lorvotuzumab mertansine
  • kitasamycin
  • flurithromycin
  • eprinomectin
  • epofolate
  • epothilone D
  • coltuximab ravtansine
  • dirithromycin
  • doramectin
  • cethromycin
  • carbomycin
  • paramethasone
  • dexamethasone isonicotinate
  • quinupristin
  • sarilumab
  • dalfopristin
  • curcumin
  • luliconazole
  • procaine
  • chloroprocaine
  • phencyclidine
  • tenocyclidine
  • profenamine
  • halothane
  • lfenprodil
  • calcium levulinate
  • agmatine
  • calcium pangamate
  • calcium glubionate
  • edodekin alfa
  • beloranib
  • aflibercept
  • endostar
  • volociximab
  • roquinimex
  • anecortave acetate
  • squalamine
  • brolucizumab
  • trebananib
  • semaxanib
  • endostatin
  • halofuginone
  • resveratol
  • ranibizumab
  • fumagilin
  • bevacizumab
  • hyperforin
  • aminohippuric acid
  • opicapone
  • pafolacianine
  • bempedoic acid
  • belantamab mafodotin
  • prasterone
  • glecaprevir
  • levomenol
  • parachlorophenol
  • gadoxetic acid
  • cholecystokinin
  • caspofungin
  • ouabain
  • rifampicin
  • taurocholic acid
  • methylphosphinic acid
  • revefenacin
  • isoprenaline
  • posiphen
  • acotiamide
  • triflupromazine
  • pegvisomant
  • pipecuronium
  • regramostim
  • phenserine
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • cinchocaine
  • pancuronium
  • bambuterol
  • hexafluronium
  • aprotinin
  • tyrothricin
  • decamethonium
  • ipidacrine
  • tubocurarine
  • paraoxon
  • ginkgo biloba
  • methanesulfonyl fluoride
  • dichlorvos
  • fenthion
  • metrifonate
  • coumaphos
  • huperzine A
  • distigmine
  • neostigmine
  • isoflurophate
  • tasosartan
  • fimasartan
  • methylthioninium
  • minaprine
  • gallamine triethiodide
  • ambenonium
  • abiraterone
  • mibefradil
  • hydrocortisone (systemic)
  • cetirizine (systemic)
  • Talimogene Laherparepvec
  • Diacerein
  • Magnesium glucoheptonate
  • acyclovir and hydrocortisone
  • acyclovir (ophthalmic)
  • acyclovir (topical)
  • docosanol cream
  • camphor and phenol
  • dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine
  • peramivir
  • lisdexamfetamine
  • ergoloid mesylates
  • memantine/donepezil
  • tranylcypromine
  • isocarboxazid
  • methenamine/sodium salicylate/benzoic acid
  • mometasone topical (Rx)
  • Esketamine intranasal
  • Oracit
  • Shohls Solution
  • sodium lactate
  • sodium citrate
  • lecanemab
  • donepezil (Rx)
  • donepezil transdermal
  • sodium thiosulfate
  • ciclopirox
  • undecylenic acid
  • butenafine
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • zoledronic acid
  • calcitonin salmon
  • pizotifen
  • indoramin
  • salicylic acid acne
  • minoxidil topical
  • adapalene
  • orlistat
  • COVID-19 subunit vaccine
  • amoxicillin /vonoprazan
  • levamlodipine (Rx)
  • Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • simvastatin/ezetimibe
  • amlodipine/atorvastatin
  • amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
  • lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • noradrenaline
  • carbaryl
  • botulinum toxin
  • atropine
  • artemether/lumefantrine
  • ergonovine
  • bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
  • ibalizumab
  • dolutegravir
  • hydrocodone/pseudoephedrine
  • cetirizine/pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
  • acetaminophen IV/ibuprofen IV (Pending FDA Approval)
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • acetaminophen/caffeine
  • Acetaminophen/magnesium salicylate/pamabrom
  • megestrol
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
  • folic acid-cyanocobalamin-pyridoxine
  • L-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
  • estropipate
  • betamethasone (systemic)
  • dolutegravir and lamivudine
  • zidovudine and lamivudine
  • mineral oil (oral/rectal)
  • regular insulin
  • dextromethorphan/bupropion
  • diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
  • enfuvirtide
  • doxapram
  • methamphetamine
  • dextroamphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
  • aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • acetaminophen, pheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
  • guaifenesin and phenylephrine
  • rivastigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • arecoline
  • physostigmine
  • abobotulinumtoxinA
  • echothiophate iodide
  • malathion
  • glibenclamide
  • rimabotulinumtoxinB
  • pioglitazone
  • daxibotulinumtoxinA
  • prabotulinumtoxinA
  • mepenzolate
  • trospium
  • modafinil
  • budesonide (oral inhalation)
  • budesonide (nasal)
  • budesonide (Topical)
  • vedolizumab
  • hydrocodone and homatropine
  • homatropine ophthalmic
  • methscopolamine
  • oxandrolone
  • nandrolone
  • fluoxymesterone
  • procyclidine
  • biperiden
  • benztropine
  • oxymetholone
  • ipratropium
  • belladonna/opium
  • pilocarpine
  • nicotine intranasal
  • succinylcholine
  • cromolyn sodium
  • mepolizumab
  • palivizumab
  • reslizumab
  • dupilumab
  • potassium iodide
  • beclomethasone (nasal)
  • tetrahydrozoline nasal
  • fluticasone (topical)
  • tecovirimat
  • entacapone
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
  • smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
  • terazosin
  • labetalol 
  • smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (live, nonreplicating) (US: Availability limited to health department/CDC expanded access protocol) (Rx)
  • oxymetazoline
  • xylometazoline
  • meclizine
  • prazosin
  • belinostat
  • nabilone
  • tripelennamine
  • bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
  • levalbuterol
  • rifaximin
  • cotrimoxazole
  • ethacrynic acid
  • senna
  • bisacodyl
  • sodium picosulfate, citric acid, and magnesium oxide
  • kaolin
  • anastrozole
  • docusate
  • cascara
  • dichlorphenamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • methylcellulose
  • magnesium sulfate 
  • talazoparib
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • bacillus clausii
  • psyllium
  • bifidobacterium
  • lactobacillus
  • saccharomyces boulardii
  • lanreotide
  • cyproterone
  • ramucirumab (Rx)
  • fidaxomicin
  • tobramycin (systemic)
  • dacomitinib
  • pembrolizumab
  • amikacin (systemic)
  • panitumumab
  • blinatumomab
  • durvalumab
  • olaratumab
  • necitumumab
  • moxetumomab pasudotox
  • mogamulizumab
  • inotuzumab
  • dinutuximab
  • pentamycin
  • dibekacin
  • cemiplimab
  • gemtuzumab
  • demeclocycline
  • omadacycline
  • tobramycin (ophthalmic)
  • sarecycline
  • cefiderocol
  • valrubicin
  • plicamycin
  • denileukin diftitox
  • decitabine
  • niraparib
  • methacholine
  • carbachol
  • bethanechol
  • acetylcholine
  • atezolizumab
  • raloxifene
  • avelumab
  • leucovorin
  • cladabrine
  • pralatrexate
  • meclofenamate
  • pemetrexed
  • ustekinumab
  • diroximel fumarate
  • daratumumab
  • coccidioidin skin test
  • candida albicans extract
  • brewer’s yeast
  • poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • elotuzumab
  • trimetrexate
  • l-methyl folate
  • methyclothiazide
  • Influenza virus vaccine
  • acitretin
  • tafamidis
  • sapropterin
  • Pidotimod
  • nitisinone
  • mipomersen
  • levetiracetam
  • Inebilizumab
  • Diethylamine salicylate
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Cephalothin
  • alitretinoin
  • Alitretinoin
  • methotrexate
  • verteporfin
  • omacetaxine
  • methyl aminolevulinate topical
  • efgartigimod alfa
  • aminolevulinic acid
  • cetuximab
  • streptozocin
  • zoster vaccine recombinant
  • lyme disease vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine
  • daclizumab
  • lomustiine
  • amitriptyline
  • triptorelin
  • Tedizolid
  • rituximab
  • darolutamide
  • altretamine
  • Varicella-zoster vaccine
  • topotecan
  • ajmaline
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • poliovirus vaccine
  • adenovirus vaccine type 7
  • adenovirus vaccine type 4
  • brincidofovir
  • lenograstim
  • ofatumumab
  • doxorubicin
  • thioguanine
  • tetanus toxoid
  • primidone
  • lipegfilgrastim
  • pegaspargase
  • monomethyl fumarate
  • ibritumomab
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant)
  • influenza virus vaccine, h5n1, live
  • carmustine
  • influenza virus vaccine (h5n1), adjuvanted
  • influenza a (h5n1) vaccine
  • eluxadoline
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
  • idecabtagene vicleucel
  • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
  • thiotepa
  • tocilizumab
  • levodopa inhaled
  • efalizumab
  • canakinumab
  • aminoglutethimide
  • ado-trastuzumab emtansine
  • adenovirus vaccine
  • zoster vaccine live
  • typhoid vaccine, live
  • influenza virus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine, h1n1, live
  • delavirdine
  • paclitaxel
  • siltuximab
  • miconazole
  • fludarabine
  • epirubicin
  • vinblastine
  • lomustine
  • risankizumab
  • rilonacept
  • pacritinib
  • linezolid
  • griseofulvin
  • vincristine
  • rufinamide
  • phenobarbital
  • nelarabine
  • mitoxantrone
  • mitomycin
  • mitapivat
  • letermovir
  • lasmiditan
  • idarubicin
  • filgrastim
  • elagolix
  • daunorubicin
  • daclatasvir
  • carfilzomib
  • anakinra
  • alefacept
  • thalidomide
  • teriflunomide
  • rubella virus vaccine
  • ozanimod
  • mumps virus vaccine
  • measles virus vaccine
  • golimumab
  • etanercept
  • certolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • etoposide
  • mechlorethamine
  • adenovirus type 7 vaccine
  • melphalan
  • palifermin
  • pimecrolimus
  • ropeginterferon alfa 2b
  • tacrolimus
  • tofacitinib
  • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
  • amphotericin B deoxycholate
  • amphotericin B liposomal
  • amphotericin B phospholipid complex
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed
  • denosumab
  • diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
  • echinacea
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
  • hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
  • hepatitis a/b vaccine
  • hepatitis b vaccine
  • HIV vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
  • hydroxyurea
  • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1)
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
  • meningococcal group B vaccine
  • ofatumumab SC
  • pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
  • pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
  • pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
  • poliovirus vaccine inactivated
  • rabies vaccine
  • sipuleucel-T
  • trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab deruxtecan
  • eslicarbazepine acetate
  • vitamin A
  • rifampin
  • belzutifan
  • belimumab
  • belatacept
  • armodafinil
  • amobarbital
  • alemtuzumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • nivolumab
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • desogestrel
  • butalbital
  • brexanolone
  • zoster vaccine
  • yellow fever vaccine
  • varicella virus vaccine
  • smallpox vaccine
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • rubella vaccine
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
  • atracurium
  • dengue vaccine
  • tisagenlecleucel
  • lisocabtagene maraleucel
  • ciltacabtagene autoleucel
  • brexucabtagene autoleucel
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel
  • chlorambucil
  • ethinyl estradiol
  • dicumarol
  • atenolol
  • anisindione
  • penicillin G benzathine
  • sequelerin
  • chloramphenicol
  • heparin
  • enoxaparin
  • dalteparin
  • bivalirudin
  • argatroban
  • willow bark
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • aspirin rectal
  • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
  • aspirin
  • ganaxolone
  • erythromycin stearate
  • erythromycin lactobionate
  • erythromycin ethylsuccinate
  • elbasvir/grazoprevir
  • daridorexant
  • cholera vaccine
  • lumacaftor/ivacaftor
  • dienogest/estradiol valerate
  • zafirlukast
  • urofollitropin
  • tralokinumab
  • torsemide
  • tazarotene
  • pseudoephedrine
  • propoxiphene napsylate
  • propoxiphene hydrochloride
  • oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
  • oxymetazoline hydrochloride
  • naxitamab
  • nandrolone decanoate
  • methylphenidate
  • methocarbamol
  • idoxuridine
  • hyaluronidase
  • hyaluronic acid
  • gonadoreline hydrochloride
  • glycopyrrolate
  • ganirelix acetate
  • gallium citrate
  • fulvestrant
  • fexofenadine hydrochloride
  • fenefluramine hydrochloride
  • febuxostat
  • famciclovir
  • ergocalciferol
  • divalproex sodium
  • diclorfenamide
  • dezocine
  • desmopressin acetate
  • demeclocycline hydrochloride
  • defibrotide sodium
  • deferiprone
  • deferasirox
  • daunorubicin hydrochloride
  • darunavir
  • darifenacin hydrobromide
  • daptomycin
  • dapsone
  • dantrolene sodium
  • danazol
  • dalafampridine
  • dalbavancin Hydrochloride
  • daclatasvir dihydrochloride
  • dactinomycin
  • dacitabine
  • cefiderocol sulfate tosylate
  • butoconazole nitrate
  • benralizumab (Rx)
  • albuterol
  • acetylcysteine
  • acebutolol
  • acam2000
  • abrocitinib
  • abatacept
  • abametapir
  • abaloparatide
  • chloroquine
  • ferric maltol
  • lorlatinib
  • piracetam
  • timolol
  • chlorothiazide
  • ferric pyrophosphate citrate
  • lornoxicam
  • piretanide
  • tinidazole
  • chloroxylenol
  • ferric sulfate
  • lorpiprazole
  • pirfenidone
  • tiopronin
  • chlorpheniramine
  • ferrous bisglycinate
  • losartan
  • piroxicam
  • tiotropium
  • chlorpromazine
  • ferrous fumarate
  • lovastatin
  • pitavastatin
  • tipranavir
  • chlorpropamide
  • ferrous gluconate
  • loxoprofen
  • pitolisant
  • tirofiban
  • chlorprothixene
  • ferrous succinate
  • lubiprostone
  • pivampicillin
  • tisotumab vedotin
  • chlorthalidone
  • ferrous sulfate anhydrous
  • lumateperone
  • pivmecillinam
  • tixocortol
  • chlorzoxazone
  • ferumoxides
  • lumefantrine
  • plazomicin
  • tizanidine
  • abiraterone
  • cholecalciferolc
  • ferumoxsil
  • lumiracoxib
  • plerixafor
  • tobramycin (oral inhalation)
  • acalabrutinib
  • choline c 11
  • ferumoxytol
  • lurasidone
  • polatuzumab vedotin
  • tocainide
  • acarbose
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • fesoterodine
  • lurbinectedin
  • polythiazide
  • tocofersolan
  • aceclofenac
  • choline salicylate
  • fexinidazole
  • lynestrenol
  • pomalidomide
  • tocopherol
  • acemetacin
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • finasteride
  • macimorelin
  • ponatinib
  • acenocoumarol
  • chromic chloride
  • finerenone (Rx)
  • macitentan
  • ponesimod
  • tolazamide
  • acetaminophen
  • chromic nitrate
  • fish oil
  • magaldrate
  • posaconazole
  • tolbutamide
  • acetazolamide
  • chromium
  • flavoxate
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • tolcapone
  • acetohexamide
  • chromium gluconate
  • flecainide
  • magnesium carbonate
  • potassium acetate
  • tolfenamic acid
  • acetylsalicylic acid
  • chromium nicotinate
  • flibanserin
  • magnesium chloride
  • potassium bicarbonate
  • tolmetin
  • acipimox
  • chromous sulfate
  • floctafenine
  • magnesium citrate
  • potassium cation
  • tolterodine
  • aclidinium
  • ciclesonide
  • florbetaben (18f)
  • magnesium gluconate
  • potassium chloride
  • tolvaptan
  • acrivastine
  • cidofovir
  • florbetapir (18f)
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • potassium citrate
  • topiramate
  • acyclovir
  • cilazapril
  • floxuridine
  • magnesium oxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • adefovir dipivoxil
  • cilostazol
  • flucloxacillin
  • magnesium silicate
  • potassium perchlorate
  • torasemide
  • adenosine
  • cimetidine
  • fluconazole
  • potassium sulfate
  • toremifene
  • agomelatine
  • cinacalcet
  • flucytosine
  • magnesium trisilicate
  • tositumomab
  • albendazole
  • cinnarizine
  • fludeoxyglucose (18f)
  • mangafodipir
  • pralidoxime
  • trabectedin
  • albiglutide
  • cinoxacin
  • fludrocortisone
  • manidipine
  • pralsetinib
  • tramadol
  • albutrepenonacog alfa
  • ciprofibrate
  • fluindione
  • mannitol
  • pramipexole
  • trametinib
  • alclofenac
  • cisapride
  • flumazenil
  • maprotiline
  • pramlintide
  • trandolapril
  • aldesleukin
  • cisplatin
  • flumethasone
  • maraviroc
  • prasugrel
  • trastuzumab emtansine
  • alectinib
  • citalopram
  • flunarizine
  • maribavir
  • pravastatin
  • trazodone
  • alendronic acid
  • cladribine
  • flunisolide
  • mebeverine
  • prazepamb
  • treprostinil
  • alfentanil
  • clarithromycin
  • flunitrazepam
  • mecamylamine
  • praziquantel
  • tretinoin
  • alfuzosin
  • clemastine
  • fluocinolone acetonide
  • mecasermin
  • prednisolone
  • triamcinolone
  • alimemazine
  • clevidipine
  • fluocinonide
  • meclofenamic acid
  • prednisolone acetate
  • triamterene
  • aliskiren
  • clindamycin
  • fluocortolone
  • medrogestone
  • prednisolone phosphate
  • triazolam
  • allopurinol
  • clobazam
  • fluorouracil
  • medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • prednisone (Rx)
  • trichlormethiazide
  • almasilate
  • clobetasol propionate
  • fluoxetine
  • mefenamic acid
  • prednisone acetate
  • triclabendazole
  • almotriptan
exenatide + 

regular insulin

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

pioglitazone

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

dapagliflozin

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

insulin glulisine

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

sotagliflozin

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

ethinyl estradiol

exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives

ethinylestradiol

exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives

ethynodiol diacetate

exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives

etonogestrel

exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives

tolbutamide 

may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Sulfonylureas

levalbuterol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

acebutolol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

betaxolol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

bisoprolol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

carvedilol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

indomethacin 

may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with glucagon and its analogs

acenocoumarol

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

fluindione

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

phenindione

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

phylloquinone

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

warfarin

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

dienogest

hormonal contraceptives decrease the efficacy of exenatide

Frequency Defined: 

>10% 

Injection site nodule  

1-10% 

Nausea  

Diarrhea  

Dizziness 

Headache  

Vomiting  

Injection site erythema  

Constipation 

Injection site pruritus

Black Box Warning: 

There is a risk of thyroid C-cell tumors due to liraglutide. 

The drug is contraindicated in people who have history of MTC (medullary thyroid carcinoma). 

And, in patients with multiple type 2 endocrine neoplasia syndrome. 

MTC patients treated with liraglutide, should get their serum calcitonin monitored. 

Contraindication/Caution: 

exenatide is contraindicated in individuals who have a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to exenatide or to any of its components. 

exenatide should be used with caution in individuals with a history of pancreatitis or a family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) as it may increase the risk of developing these conditions. 

exenatide is not recommended for use in individuals with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. 

exenatide should also be used with caution in individuals with severe gastrointestinal disease, including gastroparesis, as it can slow down gastric emptying and potentially worsen these conditions. 

In addition, exenatide may interact with other medications, so it is important to inform healthcare providers of all medications and supplements being taken before starting treatment with exenatide. 

Pregnancy consideration:  

It is not secure to administer exenatide during pregnancy. 

Breastfeeding warnings:  

No data is available about the excretion of exenatide in human breastmilk. Avoid using in lactating women. 

Pregnancy category: 

  • Category A: Satisfactory and well-controlled studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
  • Category B: No evidence of risk to the fetus is found in animal reproduction studies, and there are not enough studies on pregnant women. 
  • Category C: Adverse effects on the fetus found with evidence in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence for a human product; Pregnant women must take care of the potential risks. 
  • Category D: There is adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms. However, despite potential dangers may be used only in emergencies for potential benefits. 
  • Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. The drug is not for pregnant women. 
  • Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology: 

exenatide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of GLP-1, a hormone produced in the intestines that sti 

mulates insulin secretion and lowers blood glucose levels. 

exenatide is administered as a subcutaneous injection and has a half-life of approximately 2.4 hours. It stimulates insulin secretion in response to glucose, slows down gastric emptying, and suppresses glucagon secretion, all of which contribute to its blood glucose-lowering effects. 

In addition to its effects on blood glucose levels, exenatide has been shown to promote weight loss, reduce blood pressure, and improve lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes. 

exenatide is generally well-tolerated, although some people may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. In rare cases, it may cause pancreatitis or thyroid cancer. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

The pharmacodynamics of exenatide is mainly mediated through its action as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. exenatide binds to and activates GLP-1 receptors, which are located on pancreatic beta cells, leading to increased insulin secretion in response to glucose. exenatide also suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, which helps to further lower blood glucose levels. 

In addition to its effects on pancreatic hormones, exenatide also slows down gastric emptying, which contributes to its blood glucose-lowering effects by delaying the absorption of glucose from food. This effect also contributes to its side effect of nausea, which is more common in the early stages of treatment. 

exenatide has been shown to have other beneficial effects beyond glycemic control, including promoting weight loss, improving lipid profiles, and reducing blood pressure. These effects are thought to be mediated through its action on GLP-1 receptors in other tissues, including the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. 

exenatide has a rapid onset of action, with peak effects observed within two hours of administration. Its effects on insulin secretion and gastric emptying persist for up to 10 hours after administration, which is why it is typically administered twice daily. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

The peak plasma concentration at steady state is 208 pg/mL 

Distribution 

The volume of distribution is 28.3 L 

Elimination and Excretion 

The rate of renal clearance is 9.1 L/hr 

The drug is predominantly excreted in urine 

Administration: 

exenatide is administered by subcutaneous injection, which means it is injected under the skin. It comes as a pre-filled pen or a vial with a separate needle. 

The recommended dose of exenatide is typically 5 mcg injected twice daily, 60 minutes before the morning and evening meals. After at least one month of treatment, the dose may be increased to 10 mcg injected twice daily, if needed to achieve better glycemic control. 

It is important to follow the instructions for injection provided by the healthcare provider or pharmacist, as the injection technique can affect the absorption and effectiveness of the medication. exenatide should not be administered intravenously or intramuscularly. 

exenatide should be stored in a refrigerator until the expiration date on the label, and the medication should not be used if it has been frozen or exposed to heat or sunlight. Unused medication should be discarded according to local regulations. 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: exenatide 

Pronounced: exe-naa-tide 

Why do we use exenatide? 

exenatide is used to treat type 2 diabetes, a condition in which the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. 

exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of the hormone GLP-1 to lower blood glucose levels. By stimulating insulin secretion in response to glucose, slowing down gastric emptying, and suppressing glucagon secretion, exenatide can effectively reduce blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. 

In addition to its effects on blood glucose levels, exenatide has been shown to promote weight loss, reduce blood pressure, and improve lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes. These effects are thought to be mediated through its action on GLP-1 receptors in other tissues, including the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. 

ADVERTISEMENT 

exenatide

Brand Name :

Bydureon DSC, Bydureon BCise, Byetta 10 MCG pen

Synonyms :

exenatida, exenatide synthetic 

Class :

Antidiabetics, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists (Incretin mimetics)




No data available for drug.

Dosage forms & Strengths 

Injectable suspension  

2 mg/0.85 ml 

Subcutaneous solution 

10mcg/0.04 ml 

5mcg/0.02 ml 

Dosage forms & Strengths 

Injectable suspension (Autoinjector) 

2 mg/0.85 ml 

Subcutaneous solution 

10mcg/0.04 ml; 5mcg/0.02 ml 

Refer to the adult dosing and use cautiously the medicine in elderly patient.

DRUG INTERACTION

exenatide

&

  • nivolumab and relatlimab
  • relatlimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • benzalkonium chloride/benzocaine
  • ketotifen, drug-eluting contact lens
  • calcitriol topical
  • oxymetazoline topical
  • alclometasone topical
  • capsaicin topical
  • diclofenac/misoprostol
  • diclofenac ophthalmic
  • diclofenac topical
  • pramoxine/calamine topical
  • veverimer(Pending FDA approval)
  • tolazoline
  • olopatadine ophthalmic
  • lutetium lu 177-dota-tate
  • lutetium lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan
  • strontium 89 chloride
  • interferon alfa n3
  • lutetium Lu 177- Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic acid-omburtamab (FDA Approval Pending)
  • samarium sm 153 lexidronam
  • cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CMV IG)
  • antithymocyte globulin rabbit
  • inolimomab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • olopatadine intranasal
  • olopatadine intranasal/​mometasone, intranasal
  • benzocaine/butamben/tetracaine topical
  • antipyrine/benzocaine/phenylephrine
  • dyclonine/menthol
  • surufatinib
  • fruquintinib
  • tepotinib 
  • dostarlimab
  • hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
  • remestemcel-L
  • benzocaine/menthol oropharyngeal
  • interferon beta 1b
  • tetracaine/oxymetazoline intranasal
  • benzocaine oropharyngeal
  • benzalkonium chloride/menthol/petrolatum topical
  • inamrinone
  • alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
  • potassium bicarbonate/potassium citrate
  • potassium phosphate/sodium acid phosphate
  • asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi recombinant
  • motixafortide
  • pegloticase
  • etesevimab
  • Rho(D) immune globulin
  • tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
  • reltecimod (pending FDA approval)
  • avasopasem
  • trimethoprim/polymyxin B ophthalmic
  • naphazoline ophthalmic
  • sulfacetamide topical
  • sirolimus intravitreal (pending FDA approval)
  • sirolimus protein bound
  • sirolimus topical
  • glycopyrronium tosylate topical
  • sofpironium
  • olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide
  • dovitinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • epinephrine inhaled
  • quizartinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ranibizumab intravitreal injection
  • sodium hyaluronate
  • bacitracin and lidocaine topical
  • brimonidine topical
  • benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin topical
  • talquetamab
  • betrixaban
  • acetaminophen/caffeine/pyrilamine
  • fentanyl transmucosal
  • bacitracin topical
  • buprenorphine,long-acting injection
  • buprenorphine buccal
  • nalmefene intranasal
  • sulbactam/durlobactam
  • metronidazole topical 
  • daratumumab/hyaluronidase
  • glofitamab
  • rituximab-hyaluronidase
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate
  • loncastuximab tesirine
  • ingenol mebutate topical
  • momelotinib
  • trastuzumab/deruxtecan
  • trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • trastuzumab duocarmazine
  • lifileucel
  • umbralisib
  • eflornithine/sulindac
  • cytarabine/daunorubicin liposomal
  • doxorubicin liposomal
  • epcoritamab
  • lanadelumab  
  • esomeprazole/naproxen 
  • terbinafine topical
  • ravulizumab
  • clotrimazole topical
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • tacrolimus ointment
  • mechlorethamine topical
  • donislecel
  • pozelimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • rabies immune globulin, human (RIG)
  • melphalan flufenamide
  • sintilimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • oportuzumab monatox (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sotorasib
  • irinotecan liposomal
  • sulfur topical
  • silver sulfadiazine
  • capsaicin transdermal
  • sutimlimab
  • tretinoin topical
  • acetaminophen rectal
  • menthol topical
  • naftifine
  • oatmeal, colloidal topical
  • oxiconazole
  • methylsalicylate/menthol topical
  • C1 inhibitor human
  • lifitegrast ophthalmic
  • prednisolone/sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • mannitol inhalation
  • ofloxacin otic
  • petrolatum & mineral oil topical
  • clascoterone topical
  • gefapixant (Pending FDA Approval)
  • colesevelam
  • technetium Tc 99m succimer
  • nebivolol/valsartan
  • ciprofloxacin/fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • finafloxacin otic
  • magnesium hydroxide/mineral oil
  • phenylephrine/mineral oil/petrolatum rectal
  • carbamide peroxide oral
  • atropine ophthalmic
  • sodium sulfacetamide/sulfur
  • sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • lucinactant
  • benzonatate
  • besifloxacin ophthalmic
  • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • beractant
  • trimagnesium citrate anhydrous
  • vitamin b2
  • carbamide peroxide otic
  • mineral oil topical
  • ethyl alcohol intranasal
  • boric acid/alcohol otic
  • absorbable gelatin compressed sponge, USP
  • absorbable gelatin sponge, USP
  • vincristine liposomal
  • technetium Tc 99m albumin aggregated injection
  • metaproterenol
  • budesonide inhaled/formoterol/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • epinephrine racemic
  • umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled
  • indacaterol, inhaled/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • betaine  
  • laronidase 
  • estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            
  • cerliponase alfa
  • ertugliflozin/sitagliptin
  • hawthorn
  • shepherd’s purse
  • thiamine
  • naphazoline/glycerin ophthalmic
  • oxymetazoline ophthalmic
  • dorzolamide
  • dexamethasone intraocular
  • dexamethasone/ciprofloxacin
  • dexamethasone ophthalmic
  • metipranolol ophthalmic
  • timolol ophthalmic
  • boron
  • fezolinetant
  • pegunigalsidase alfa-iwxj
  • biotin
  • pantothenic acid
  • silicon
  • sodium acid phosphate
  • hypochlorous acid topical
  • methenamine/sodium acid phosphate
  • aviptadil 
  • bremelanotide
  • glucagon intranasal
  • metformin and repaglinide
  • bai ji
  • pau d’arco
  • juzentaihoto
  • mistletoe
  • quercetin
  • rosemary
  • sheng di huang
  • chasteberry
  • maitake
  • grapefruit
  • lentinan
  • juniper
  • nettle
  • parsley
  • rose hips
  • tongkat ali
  • horny goat weed
  • damiana
  • yohimbe
  • insulin NPH
  • aprocitentan
  • noni Juice
  • sodium iodide I-131
  • green tea
  • sea cucumber
  • wheat germ extract
  • fenofibrate micronized 
  • rogisen
  • danshen
  • lutein
  • witch hazel
  • dextroamphetamine transdermal
  • amphetamine/dextroamphetamine
  • hoodia
  • kolanut
  • boswellia
  • opuntia ficus indica
  • lavender
  • nadh
  • tea tree oil
  • metformin/sitagliptin 
  • dapagliflozin/ metformin/saxagliptin  
  • antihemophilic factor recombinant
  • inclisiran
  • bempedoic acid/ezetimibe
  • volanesorsen  
  • omega 3 carboxylic acids
  • pericyazine
  • levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)
  • betaxolol ophthalmic
  • respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, adjuvanted
  • phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
  • alirocumab
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/gramicidin ophthalmic
  • factor IX
  • gentamicin topical
  • ansofaxine (Pending FDA Approval)
  • zuranolone (Pending FDA Approval)
  • factor IX, recombinant
  • factor IX complex
  • factor XIII A-subunit, recombinant
  • factor X, human
  • mesalamine rectal
  • etrasimod
  • anti-inhibitor coagulant complex
  • factor IX, recombinant/albumin fusion protein
  • fibrinogen, human
  • aminocaproic acid
  • metyrosine
  • nonoxynol-9 vaginal
  • progesterone intravaginal gel
  • ipecac syrup
  • botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent
  • pentetate calcium trisodium
  • crotalidae polyvalent immune FAB (ovine)
  • dehydrated alcohol injection 
  • gold sodium thiomalate (Discontinued)
  • lactic acid/citric acid/potassium bitartrate vaginal
  • von Willebrand factor, recombinant
  • luspatercept
  • digoxin immune FAB (Antidote)
  • crotalidae immune FAB (equine)
  • magnesium (Antidote)
  • pyridoxine (Antidote)
  • edetate calcium disodium
  • albumin IV
  • nitroglycerin sublingual
  • obiltoxaximab
  • anthrax immune globulin
  • nitroglycerin topical
  • dextrose
  • nesiritide
  • estradiol vaginal
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • botulism immune globulin iv
  • amoxicillin/omeprazole/rifabutin
  • synthetic human angiotensin II
  • nitroglycerin IV
  • nitroglycerin translingual
  • nitroprusside sodium
  • tetrahydrozoline/zinc sulfate/hypromellose ophthalmic
  • sodium citrate/citric acid
  • pemetrexate
  • methicillin
  • plasminogen 
  • acai
  • american ginseng
  • cordyceps
  • tramadol/acetaminophen
  • belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbital
  • erythromycin topical/benzoyl peroxide
  • glucosamine sulfate
  • panax ginseng (suppl/herb)
  • tolnaftate
  • sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sulfur hexafluoride
  • sotrovimab
  • arbaclofen
  • rifampin/isoniazid
  • clindamycin /tretinoin topical
  • benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical
  • apremilast
  • antivenins, centuroides (scorpion)
  • bamlanivimab and etesevimab
  • vilobelimab
  • gadobenate
  • pentosan polysulfate sodium
  • methylsalicylate/menthol/camphor topical
  • antivenin, black widow spider
  • benzoyl peroxide and hydrocortisone
  • clindamycin topical
  • isometheptene, dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen
  • acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine
  • erythromycin topical
  • erythromycin ophthalmic
  • alpha hydroxy acids, topical
  • buprenorphine transdermal
  • butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine
  • buprenorphine/samidorphan
  • buprenorphine subdermal implant
  • celecoxib/tramadol
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol
  • resorcinol/sulfur
  • eflornithine
  • rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
  • tofersen
  • devil’s claw
  • ticarcillin/clavulanate
  • atropine/pralidoxime
  • aprepitant
  • suramin
  • phenelzine 
  • artichoke
  • american dogwood
  • attapulgite
  • atlantic cedar
  • axalimogene filolisbac
  • sodium thiosulfate & sodium nitrite
  • ataluren
  • omidubicel-onlv
  • capsicum
  • ginger
  • cryoprecipitate
  • bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • fo-ti
  • siberian ginseng
  • granulocytes
  • zinc substituted heme C
  • zinc trihydroxide
  • ashwagandha 
  • cat’s claw
  • glandular products
  • SAMe
  • shark cartilage
  • altovis
  • feverfew
  • horse chestnut
  • magnesium aspartate
  • octacosanol
  • pleurisy root
  • star anise
  • butterbur
  • elderberry
  • licorice (Suppl/herb)
  • aconite
  • pentetate zinc trisodium
  • menthol topical/zinc oxide topical
  • corn-starch/kaolin/zinc oxide topical
  • 5-htp
  • butcher’s broom
  • articulin
  • bearberry
  • goldenrod
  • progesterone, natural
  • black cohosh
  • wild yam
  • cranberry
  • dong quai
  • phytoestrogens
  • norethindrone
  • false Unicorn Root
  • raspberry Leaf
  • asafoetida
  • turmeric
  • dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
  • hyaluronan
  • aliskiren/amlodipine
  • octreotide (Antidote)
  • tranexamic acid injection
  • duocal
  • neocate infant formula
  • pediatric Eo28
  • aloe
  • red clover
  • propolis
  • androstenedione
  • heartsease
  • comfrey
  • bilberry
  • chamomile
  • eyebright
  • calendula
  • sage
  • yucca
  • polypody
  • odevixibat
  • vinpocetine
  • olanzapine/samidorphan
  • creatine
  • yerba mate
  • spesolimab
  • azficel-T
  • tiludronate
  • estetrol and drospirenone
  • pseudoephedrine/fexofenadine
  • lincomycin
  • neomycin oral
  • fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • tretinoin/ hydroquinone/ fluocinolone
  • halobetasol topical
  • hydrocortisone/​iodoquinol
  • penicillin G procaine /penicillin G benzathine
  • hydrocortisone probutate topical
  • colistin/neomycin/hydrocortisone/thonzonium otic
  • ebola zaire vaccine
  • hepatitis a/​b vaccine
  • vibegron
  • lindane
  • nystatin topical
  • respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine
  • chikungunya vaccine
  • tenecteplase
  • reteplase
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted
  • meningococcal ABCWY pentavalent vaccine
  • eculizumab
  • cholestyramine
  • tinzaparin
  • taurolidine/​citrate/​heparin
  • protein C concentrate
  • antithrombin alfa
  • antithrombin III
  • multivitamins, vision
  • ibuprofen/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/ibuprofen
  • ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine
  • paclitaxel protein-bound
  • acetic acid vaginal
  • acetic acid otic
  • hydrocodone/ ibuprofen
  • methyl salicylate / isopropanol/ citronellyl acetate/ citric acid
  • ibuprofen and phenylephrine
  • acetylcysteine (Antidote)
  • iron/​folic acid/​vitamin/​mineral
  • iobenguane I-131
  • dolutegravir/rilpivirine
  • chlorhexidine topical
  • chlorhexidine oral
  • thyroid desiccated
  • proparacaine ophthalmic
  • podophyllum resin
  • phendimetrazine
  • phenoxybenzamine
  • polidocanol
  • phentermine and topiramate
  • piflufolastat F18
  • piperacillin/tazobactam
  • prednisolone and gentamicin ophthalmic
  • promethazine and codeine
  • poractant alfa
  • protamine sulfate
  • aflibercept intravitreal
  • prednicarbate
  • promethazine/dextromethorphan
  • codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazine
  • potassium phosphate
  • glatiramer acetate
  • gentamicin (Ophthalmic)
  • leniolisib
  • rezafungin
  • fluorometholone
  • dalfampridine
  • hydrocortisone topical 
  • empagliflozin and linagliptin
  • triamcinolone topical
  • minocycline topical
  • minocycline dental
  • ketotifen ophthalmic
  • darunavir and cobicistat
  • lidocaine topical
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin/lidocaine (OTC)
  • lidocaine/ hydrocortisone
  • lidocaine anesthetic
  • lidocaine ophthalmic
  • lidocaine/tetracaine
  • desonide
  • dabigatran
  • fexofenadine
  • fluoride
  • decitabine and cedazuridine
  • dasiglucagon
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic
  • epoetin alfa
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan
  • trimethobenzamide
  • dexamethasone/ tobramycin
  • tafasitamab
  • valacyclovir
  • mebendazole
  • levoleucovorin
  • flaxseed
  • germanium
  • glutathione
  • lycopene
  • pygeum
  • horseradish
  • ziv-aflibercept
  • micafungin
  • trofinetide
  • taliglucerase alfa
  • tildrakizumab
  • sulopenem (Pending FDA Approval)
  • thyrotropin alfa
  • birch
  • thrombin, topical
  • tivozanib
  • tafluprost
  • methohexital
  • urea and hydrocortisone
  • unoprostone ophthalmic
  • trihexyphenidyl
  • ezetimibe
  • evolocumab
  • trifluridine and tipiracil
  • methenamine
  • misoprostol
  • miltefosine
  • rimantadine
  • maralixibat
  • coenzyme Q10
  • chlorella
  • garlic
  • forskolin
  • zavegepant
  • menotropins
  • margetuximab
  • meprobamate
  • melarsoprol
  • evening primrose oil
  • lemongrass
  • molindone
  • fenugreek
  • phytosterols
  • red yeast rice
  • uridine triacetate
  • tropicamide
  • incobotulinumtoxinA
  • Grape Seed Extract
  • carbachol ophthalmic
  • cosyntropin
  • cyclopentolate and phenylephrine
  • carteolol ophthalmic
  • pentazocine/naloxone
  • pentazocine/acetaminophen
  • casimersen
  • carisoprodol, aspirin, and codeine
  • carisoprodol
  • carboprost tromethamine
  • flurandrenolide
  • brinzolamide/brimonidine
  • betamethasone topical
  • omaveloxolone
  • bardoxolone
  • allogeneic processed thymus tissue
  • fluocinolone topical
  • tacrolimus topical
  • ruxolitnib topical
  • pimecrolimus topical
  • sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
  • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  • mitotane
  • elbasvir/​grazoprevir
  • wheat dextrin
  • vanadium
  • iron/folic acid/vitamin/mineral
  • molybdenum
  • sparsentan
  • velmanase alfa-tycv
  • pegcetacoplan
  • ferrous sulfate
  • cyclosporine ophthalmic
  • ferric pyrophosphate
  • ammonium lactate
  • etelcalcetide
  • iodoquinol
  • sucroferric oxyhydroxide
  • doxercalciferol
  • terconazole vaginal
  • cortisone
  • pyronaridine
  • tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic
  • tenapanor
  • tesamorelin
  • benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • nadolol and bendroflumethiazide
  • spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
  • COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA
  • atosiban
  • bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide
  • ephedrine/guaifenesin
  • clonidine/chlorthalidone
  • captopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan
  • candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • ciclesonide intranasal
  • cromolyn sodium ophthalmic
  • methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
  • valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene
  • moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • mometasone/intranasal
  • ofloxacin ophthalmic
  • cysteamine
  • metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/olmesartan
  • eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/telmisartan
  • hydrochlorothiazide/aliskiren
  • betamethasone/clotrimazole
  • telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • benazepril/amlodipine
  • bezlotoxumab
  • propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • bupropion/naltrexone
  • burosumab
  • acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution
  • bupivacaine and meloxicam
  • budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)
  • valerian
  • entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa
  • carbidopa/levodopa
  • calaspargase pegol
  • cabotegravir
  • cefixime
  • calfactant
  • brinzolamide
  • daprodustat
  • brimonidine and timolol
  • brodalumab
  • buprenorphine and naloxone
  • hydrocortisone acetic acid otic
  • butorphanol
  • butoconazole
  • adapalene and benzoyl peroxide
  • acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • midodrine
  • baloxavir marboxil
  • bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone topical
  • avatrombopag
  • glucagon
  • atenolol/chlorthalidone
  • adefovir
  • activated charcoal
  • avalglucosidase alfa
  • aclidinium and formoterol
  • iclaprim (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ampicillin/sulbactam
  • quinupristin/dalfopristin
  • lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir
  • acetaminophen and caffeine
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom
  • abacavir and lamivudine
  • anifrolumab
  • elacestrant
  • anidulafungin
  • acetohydroxamic acid
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • anthralin
  • pirtobrutinib
  • gabapentin
  • galsulfase
  • gadoterate meglumine
  • ferric gluconate
  • ferric derisomaltose
  • ethanolamine oleate
  • eteplirsen
  • vasopressin
  • desmopressin
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
  • ecallantide
  • econazole topical
  • dornase alfa
  • aspirin/dipyridamole
  • dipyridamole
  • difenoxin and atropine
  • diflorasone
  • difluprednate ophthalmic
  • eptinezumab
  • diethylpropion
  • dexchlorpheniramine
  • dexmethylphenidate
  • serdexmethylphenidate/​dexmethylphenidate
  • bexagliflozin
  • galcanezumab
  • fremanezumab
  • tapinarof topical
  • darifenacin
  • dalbavancin
  • darbepoetin alfa
  • azilsartan
  • colestipol
  • corticorelin
  • crotamiton
  • crofelemer
  • allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/fibroblasts in bovine collagen
  • tapentadol
  • cyclopentolate
  • polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • ketoconazole topical
  • tavaborole
  • tagraxofusp
  • crisaborole
  • crizanlizumab
  • satralizumab
  • spinosad
  • sacubitril/valsartan
  • sargramostim
  • sebelipase alfa
  • regadenoson
  • ribociclib/letrozole
  • ragweed allergen extract
  • radium-223 dichloride
  • secnidazole
  • setmelanotide
  • polycarbophil
  • plecanatide
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • pertuzumab
  • pertuzumab/trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • pamidronate
  • halcinonide
  • glecaprevir/​pibrentasvir
  • glucarpidase
  • golodirsen
  • dextrose (antidote)
  • hexaminolevulinate
  • iohexol
  • ferric citrate
  • elapegademase
  • emicizumab
  • erenumab
  • danaparoid
  • dantrolene
  • eflapegrastim
  • edaravone
  • amcinonide
  • carglumic acid
  • alcaftadine ophthalmic
  • agalsidase beta
  • afamelanotide
  • fosdenopterin
  • lidocaine and chlorhexidine
  • levorphanol
  • calcifediol
  • factor VIIa, recombinant
  • triheptanoin
  • peanut oral allergen powder
  • teprotumumab
  • poly-L-lactic acid/carboxymethylcellulose/mannitol
  • xenon Xe 129 hyperpolarized
  • ublituximab
  • anacaulase
  • glatiramer
  • peginterferon beta-1a
  • interferon beta-1a
  • onabotulinumtoxinA
  • cycloserine
  • ethionamide
  • cabotegravir and rilpivirine
  • vericiguat
  • omidenepag isopropyl
  • azelastine/fluticasone intranasal
  • benzyl peroxide
  • vutrisiran
  • brimonidine
  • testosterone topical
  • lenacapavir
  • tebentafusp
  • mosunetuzumab
  • faricimab
  • ganirelix
  • nadofaragene firadenovec
  • ozenoxacin
  • guaifenesin
  • adagrasib
  • guselkumab
  • adalimumab-aacf
  • nonoxynol-9
  • nifurtimox
  • nusinersen
  • nitazoxanide
  • mavacamten
  • calcipotriene
  • bimatoprost
  • obinutuzumab
  • amifostine
  • oxycodone/​aspirin
  • oxycodone/ibuprofen
  • oteseconazole
  • oxychlorosene
  • porfimer
  • pramoxine /hydrocortisone topical
  • podofilox
  • quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom/pyrilamine
  • levobunolol
  • paregoric
  • idursulfase
  • lesinurad and allopurinol
  • latanoprost/​netarsudil ophthalmic
  • lactase enzyme
  • bioadherent oral
  • latanoprost and timolol
  • latanoprostene bunod
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • hemin
  • deucravacitinib
  • house dust mite allergen extract
  • halobetasol topical/tazarotene
  • remimazolam
  • somatropin
  • remifentanil
  • ethotoin
  • etidronate
  • empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin
  • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir AF
  • empagliflozin/​linagliptin
  • evinacumab
  • finasteride and tadalafil
  • flortaucipir (18F)
  • proparacaine/ fluorescein ophthalmic
  • fluorescein/benoxinate ophthalmic
  • fluphenazine
  • alogliptin/​metformin
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • alitretinoin topical
  • dextrose/ sodium citrate/fructose
  • dasabuvir
  • ombitasvir​/paritaprevir/​ritonavir
  • hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • hydroxyamphetamine/​tropicamide
  • acamprosate
  • gadobutrol
  • teclistamab
  • tremelimumab
  • futibatinib
  • etranacogene dezaparvovec
  • olutasidenib
  • naproxen and diphenhydramine
  • naratriptan
  • gadopiclenol
  • gadoxetate
  • gadoversetamide
  • naphazoline/pheniramine
  • naphazoline
  • nalbuphine
  • vosoritide
  • vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
  • moxidectin
  • basiliximab
  • fecal microbiota, live-jslm
  • ibuprofen/famotidine
  • famotidine
  • raxibacumab
  • omalizumab
  • measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
  • senna/docusate
  • dinoprostone
  • measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
  • immune globulin IM (IGIM)
  • dyclonine
  • doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
  • ivacaftor/tezacaftor
  • treosulfan
  • tranexamic acid
  • norethindrone acetate/​estradiol/​elagolix
  • artesunate
  • trientine
  • trifarotene
  • ziconotide
  • vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
  • pyrithione zinc
  • zinc oxide topical
  • naphazoline/​zinc sulfate/​glycerin ophthalmic
  • voretigene neparvovec
  • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
  • bebetelovimab
  • sodium chloride
  • relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
  • defibrotide
  • prothionamide
  • liraglutide
  • etilfrine
  • alpha-lipoic acid
  • ramosetron
  • olodaterol/tritropium
  • cimetropium
  • umeclidinium
  • itopride
  • secretin
  • naftopidil
  • trimeprazine
  • benperidol
  • chlormethiazole
  • multivitamins
  • secukinumab
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterol
  • amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
  • tirzepatide
  • relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
  • mupirocin
  • alvimopan
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • insulin regular human
  • insulin aspart protamine/​insulin aspart
  • insulin isophane human/​insulin regular human
  • insulin degludec/insulin aspart
  • teplizumab
  • chlordiazepoxide/clidinium
  • aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid
  • aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • olodaterol/tiotropium
  • umeclidinium bromide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • travoprost ophthalmic
  • loxapine
  • eptifibatide
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • trandolapril/​verapamil
  • abciximab
  • artificial saliva
  • diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine
  • diphtheria, haemophilus B, pertussis, polio, tetanus vaccine
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine/hepatitis b vaccine
  • butalbital/aspirin/caffeine 
  • colchicine/probenecid
  • atovaquone and proguanil
  • ursodiol
  • chenodiol
  • casirivimab/imdevimab
  • tixagevimab/cilgavimab
  • molnupiravir
  • bebtelovimab
  • calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybate
  • sodium oxybate
  • diphtheria, polio, pertussis acellular, tetanus vaccine
  • pseudoephedrine loratadine
  • sodium chloride nasal
  • hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • atorvastatin and ezetimibe
  • teriparatide
  • alendronate and cholecalciferol
  • alprostadil (IV)
  • romosozumab
  • risedronate
  • alendronate
  • glyburide/metformin
  • clorazepate
  • rosuvastatin/​ezetimibe
  • paclitaxel/encequidar
  • valsartan/amlodipine
  • enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • enalapril and felodipine
  • amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
  • triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
  • lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • tegaserod
  • rhein
  • ritanserin
  • sulfaphenazole
  • sulconazole
  • taurursodiol
  • bromeperidol
  • carbapenems
  • fotemustine
  • difelikefalin
  • bromopride
  • alizapride
  • olopatadine
  • oxomemazine
  • paraldehyde
  • oxcarbazepine
  • kratom
  • elexacaftor
  • oritavancin
  • miocamycin
  • curcumin sulfate
  • seproxetine
  • clotrimazole
  • remacemide
  • piperine
  • ditiocarb
  • danoprevir
  • oxetacaine
  • topiroxostat
  • indisulam
  • tofisopam
  • noscapine
  • thiopental
  • tioconazole
  • nicotinamide
  • rutin
  • mequitazine
  • somatostatin
  • vapreotide
  • econazole
  • saracatinib
  • lestaurtinib
  • efonidipine
  • zimelidine
  • indalpine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • benidipine
  • dapoxetine
  • tesmilifene
  • pergolide
  • sitaxentan
  • resveratrol
  • bifonazole
  • tildipirosin
  • solithromycin
  • selamectin
  • imiquimod topical
  • fluorouracil topical
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • interferon alfa-2b
  • alteplase
  • tanshinone I
  • rosmarinic acid
  • caryophyllene
  • ursolic acid
  • cepharanthine
  • veliflapon
  • mirikizumab
  • cp-96345
  • famprofazone
  • peoniflorin
  • fepradinol
  • licofelone
  • polmacoxib
  • ebselen
  • taxifolin
  • betulinic acid
  • flurbiprofen axetil
  • talniflumate
  • morniflumate
  • nitroaspirin
  • firocoxib
  • ns-398
  • cimicoxib
  • robenacoxib
  • sc-236
  • imidazole salicylate
  • trolamine salicylate
  • pirprofen
  • benorilate
  • ethenzamide
  • mofebutazone
  • proquazone
  • carbaspirin calcium
  • guacetisal
  • proglumetacin
  • propyphenazone
  • pranoprofen
  • bendazac
  • tenidap
  • lonazolac
  • nifenazone
  • flunoxaprofen
  • difenpiramide
  • feprazone
  • bufexamac
  • alminoprofen
  • suxibuzone
  • fentiazac
  • tinoridine
  • tepoxalin
  • indobufen
  • flunixin
  • propacetamol
  • clonixin
  • droxicam
  • epirizole
  • etofenamate
  • ibuproxam
  • indoprofen
  • kebuzone
  • felbinac
  • zaltoprofen
  • azapropazone
  • zomepirac
  • niflumic acid
  • magnesium salicylate
  • suprofen
  • nepafenac
  • bromfenac
  • ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone (otic) (Rx)
  • hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin otic (Rx)
  • vigabatrine
  • valproate sodium injection
  • tezepelumab (Rx)
  • triamcinolone acetonide/nystatin
  • triamcinolone suprachoroidal (Rx)
  • triamcinolone, intranasal
  • ciclesonide inhaled
  • diosmin
  • tirbanibulin
  • padeliporfin
  • roxadustat
  • aminosalicylic acid
  • rasburicase
  • tetracaine
  • articaine
  • ropivacaine
  • nitrous oxide
  • sulfapyridine
  • sulfanilamide
  • mafenide
  • isometheptene
  • amyl nitrite
  • antipyrine
  • isosorbide dinitrate
  • prilocaine
  • nitroglycerin
  • tobacco
  • batefenterol
  • hexoprenaline
  • pf-00610355
  • racepinephrine
  • protokylol
  • doxofylline
  • phenylpropanolamine
  • isoetharine
  • ephedra sinica root
  • dipivefrin
  • arbutamine
  • norepinephrine
  • fenoterol
  • clenbuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • epinephrine
  • ritodrine
  • procaterol
  • orciprenaline
  • bitolterol
  • abediterol
  • fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium and vilanterol
  • fluticasone furoate and vilanterol
  • mometasone and formoterol
  • pramoxine topical (OTC)
  • menthol/pramoxine (topical)
  • tetrastarch
  • plasma protein fraction
  • hetastarch
  • rokitamycin
  • ridaforolimus
  • oleandomycin
  • patupilone
  • mitemcinal
  • midecamycin
  • mirvetuximab soravtansine
  • lorvotuzumab mertansine
  • kitasamycin
  • flurithromycin
  • eprinomectin
  • epofolate
  • epothilone D
  • coltuximab ravtansine
  • dirithromycin
  • doramectin
  • cethromycin
  • carbomycin
  • paramethasone
  • dexamethasone isonicotinate
  • quinupristin
  • sarilumab
  • dalfopristin
  • curcumin
  • luliconazole
  • procaine
  • chloroprocaine
  • phencyclidine
  • tenocyclidine
  • profenamine
  • halothane
  • lfenprodil
  • calcium levulinate
  • agmatine
  • calcium pangamate
  • calcium glubionate
  • edodekin alfa
  • beloranib
  • aflibercept
  • endostar
  • volociximab
  • roquinimex
  • anecortave acetate
  • squalamine
  • brolucizumab
  • trebananib
  • semaxanib
  • endostatin
  • halofuginone
  • resveratol
  • ranibizumab
  • fumagilin
  • bevacizumab
  • hyperforin
  • aminohippuric acid
  • opicapone
  • pafolacianine
  • bempedoic acid
  • belantamab mafodotin
  • prasterone
  • glecaprevir
  • levomenol
  • parachlorophenol
  • gadoxetic acid
  • cholecystokinin
  • caspofungin
  • ouabain
  • rifampicin
  • taurocholic acid
  • methylphosphinic acid
  • revefenacin
  • isoprenaline
  • posiphen
  • acotiamide
  • triflupromazine
  • pegvisomant
  • pipecuronium
  • regramostim
  • phenserine
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • cinchocaine
  • pancuronium
  • bambuterol
  • hexafluronium
  • aprotinin
  • tyrothricin
  • decamethonium
  • ipidacrine
  • tubocurarine
  • paraoxon
  • ginkgo biloba
  • methanesulfonyl fluoride
  • dichlorvos
  • fenthion
  • metrifonate
  • coumaphos
  • huperzine A
  • distigmine
  • neostigmine
  • isoflurophate
  • tasosartan
  • fimasartan
  • methylthioninium
  • minaprine
  • gallamine triethiodide
  • ambenonium
  • abiraterone
  • mibefradil
  • hydrocortisone (systemic)
  • cetirizine (systemic)
  • Talimogene Laherparepvec
  • Diacerein
  • Magnesium glucoheptonate
  • acyclovir and hydrocortisone
  • acyclovir (ophthalmic)
  • acyclovir (topical)
  • docosanol cream
  • camphor and phenol
  • dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine
  • peramivir
  • lisdexamfetamine
  • ergoloid mesylates
  • memantine/donepezil
  • tranylcypromine
  • isocarboxazid
  • methenamine/sodium salicylate/benzoic acid
  • mometasone topical (Rx)
  • Esketamine intranasal
  • Oracit
  • Shohls Solution
  • sodium lactate
  • sodium citrate
  • lecanemab
  • donepezil (Rx)
  • donepezil transdermal
  • sodium thiosulfate
  • ciclopirox
  • undecylenic acid
  • butenafine
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • zoledronic acid
  • calcitonin salmon
  • pizotifen
  • indoramin
  • salicylic acid acne
  • minoxidil topical
  • adapalene
  • orlistat
  • COVID-19 subunit vaccine
  • amoxicillin /vonoprazan
  • levamlodipine (Rx)
  • Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • simvastatin/ezetimibe
  • amlodipine/atorvastatin
  • amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
  • lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • noradrenaline
  • carbaryl
  • botulinum toxin
  • atropine
  • artemether/lumefantrine
  • ergonovine
  • bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
  • ibalizumab
  • dolutegravir
  • hydrocodone/pseudoephedrine
  • cetirizine/pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
  • acetaminophen IV/ibuprofen IV (Pending FDA Approval)
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • acetaminophen/caffeine
  • Acetaminophen/magnesium salicylate/pamabrom
  • megestrol
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
  • folic acid-cyanocobalamin-pyridoxine
  • L-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
  • estropipate
  • betamethasone (systemic)
  • dolutegravir and lamivudine
  • zidovudine and lamivudine
  • mineral oil (oral/rectal)
  • regular insulin
  • dextromethorphan/bupropion
  • diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
  • enfuvirtide
  • doxapram
  • methamphetamine
  • dextroamphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
  • aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • acetaminophen, pheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
  • guaifenesin and phenylephrine
  • rivastigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • arecoline
  • physostigmine
  • abobotulinumtoxinA
  • echothiophate iodide
  • malathion
  • glibenclamide
  • rimabotulinumtoxinB
  • pioglitazone
  • daxibotulinumtoxinA
  • prabotulinumtoxinA
  • mepenzolate
  • trospium
  • modafinil
  • budesonide (oral inhalation)
  • budesonide (nasal)
  • budesonide (Topical)
  • vedolizumab
  • hydrocodone and homatropine
  • homatropine ophthalmic
  • methscopolamine
  • oxandrolone
  • nandrolone
  • fluoxymesterone
  • procyclidine
  • biperiden
  • benztropine
  • oxymetholone
  • ipratropium
  • belladonna/opium
  • pilocarpine
  • nicotine intranasal
  • succinylcholine
  • cromolyn sodium
  • mepolizumab
  • palivizumab
  • reslizumab
  • dupilumab
  • potassium iodide
  • beclomethasone (nasal)
  • tetrahydrozoline nasal
  • fluticasone (topical)
  • tecovirimat
  • entacapone
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
  • smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
  • terazosin
  • labetalol 
  • smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (live, nonreplicating) (US: Availability limited to health department/CDC expanded access protocol) (Rx)
  • oxymetazoline
  • xylometazoline
  • meclizine
  • prazosin
  • belinostat
  • nabilone
  • tripelennamine
  • bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
  • levalbuterol
  • rifaximin
  • cotrimoxazole
  • ethacrynic acid
  • senna
  • bisacodyl
  • sodium picosulfate, citric acid, and magnesium oxide
  • kaolin
  • anastrozole
  • docusate
  • cascara
  • dichlorphenamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • methylcellulose
  • magnesium sulfate 
  • talazoparib
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • bacillus clausii
  • psyllium
  • bifidobacterium
  • lactobacillus
  • saccharomyces boulardii
  • lanreotide
  • cyproterone
  • ramucirumab (Rx)
  • fidaxomicin
  • tobramycin (systemic)
  • dacomitinib
  • pembrolizumab
  • amikacin (systemic)
  • panitumumab
  • blinatumomab
  • durvalumab
  • olaratumab
  • necitumumab
  • moxetumomab pasudotox
  • mogamulizumab
  • inotuzumab
  • dinutuximab
  • pentamycin
  • dibekacin
  • cemiplimab
  • gemtuzumab
  • demeclocycline
  • omadacycline
  • tobramycin (ophthalmic)
  • sarecycline
  • cefiderocol
  • valrubicin
  • plicamycin
  • denileukin diftitox
  • decitabine
  • niraparib
  • methacholine
  • carbachol
  • bethanechol
  • acetylcholine
  • atezolizumab
  • raloxifene
  • avelumab
  • leucovorin
  • cladabrine
  • pralatrexate
  • meclofenamate
  • pemetrexed
  • ustekinumab
  • diroximel fumarate
  • daratumumab
  • coccidioidin skin test
  • candida albicans extract
  • brewer’s yeast
  • poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • elotuzumab
  • trimetrexate
  • l-methyl folate
  • methyclothiazide
  • Influenza virus vaccine
  • acitretin
  • tafamidis
  • sapropterin
  • Pidotimod
  • nitisinone
  • mipomersen
  • levetiracetam
  • Inebilizumab
  • Diethylamine salicylate
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Cephalothin
  • alitretinoin
  • Alitretinoin
  • methotrexate
  • verteporfin
  • omacetaxine
  • methyl aminolevulinate topical
  • efgartigimod alfa
  • aminolevulinic acid
  • cetuximab
  • streptozocin
  • zoster vaccine recombinant
  • lyme disease vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine
  • daclizumab
  • lomustiine
  • amitriptyline
  • triptorelin
  • Tedizolid
  • rituximab
  • darolutamide
  • altretamine
  • Varicella-zoster vaccine
  • topotecan
  • ajmaline
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • poliovirus vaccine
  • adenovirus vaccine type 7
  • adenovirus vaccine type 4
  • brincidofovir
  • lenograstim
  • ofatumumab
  • doxorubicin
  • thioguanine
  • tetanus toxoid
  • primidone
  • lipegfilgrastim
  • pegaspargase
  • monomethyl fumarate
  • ibritumomab
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant)
  • influenza virus vaccine, h5n1, live
  • carmustine
  • influenza virus vaccine (h5n1), adjuvanted
  • influenza a (h5n1) vaccine
  • eluxadoline
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
  • idecabtagene vicleucel
  • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
  • thiotepa
  • tocilizumab
  • levodopa inhaled
  • efalizumab
  • canakinumab
  • aminoglutethimide
  • ado-trastuzumab emtansine
  • adenovirus vaccine
  • zoster vaccine live
  • typhoid vaccine, live
  • influenza virus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine, h1n1, live
  • delavirdine
  • paclitaxel
  • siltuximab
  • miconazole
  • fludarabine
  • epirubicin
  • vinblastine
  • lomustine
  • risankizumab
  • rilonacept
  • pacritinib
  • linezolid
  • griseofulvin
  • vincristine
  • rufinamide
  • phenobarbital
  • nelarabine
  • mitoxantrone
  • mitomycin
  • mitapivat
  • letermovir
  • lasmiditan
  • idarubicin
  • filgrastim
  • elagolix
  • daunorubicin
  • daclatasvir
  • carfilzomib
  • anakinra
  • alefacept
  • thalidomide
  • teriflunomide
  • rubella virus vaccine
  • ozanimod
  • mumps virus vaccine
  • measles virus vaccine
  • golimumab
  • etanercept
  • certolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • etoposide
  • mechlorethamine
  • adenovirus type 7 vaccine
  • melphalan
  • palifermin
  • pimecrolimus
  • ropeginterferon alfa 2b
  • tacrolimus
  • tofacitinib
  • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
  • amphotericin B deoxycholate
  • amphotericin B liposomal
  • amphotericin B phospholipid complex
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed
  • denosumab
  • diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
  • echinacea
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
  • hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
  • hepatitis a/b vaccine
  • hepatitis b vaccine
  • HIV vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
  • hydroxyurea
  • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1)
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
  • meningococcal group B vaccine
  • ofatumumab SC
  • pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
  • pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
  • pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
  • poliovirus vaccine inactivated
  • rabies vaccine
  • sipuleucel-T
  • trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab deruxtecan
  • eslicarbazepine acetate
  • vitamin A
  • rifampin
  • belzutifan
  • belimumab
  • belatacept
  • armodafinil
  • amobarbital
  • alemtuzumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • nivolumab
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • desogestrel
  • butalbital
  • brexanolone
  • zoster vaccine
  • yellow fever vaccine
  • varicella virus vaccine
  • smallpox vaccine
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • rubella vaccine
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
  • atracurium
  • dengue vaccine
  • tisagenlecleucel
  • lisocabtagene maraleucel
  • ciltacabtagene autoleucel
  • brexucabtagene autoleucel
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel
  • chlorambucil
  • ethinyl estradiol
  • dicumarol
  • atenolol
  • anisindione
  • penicillin G benzathine
  • sequelerin
  • chloramphenicol
  • heparin
  • enoxaparin
  • dalteparin
  • bivalirudin
  • argatroban
  • willow bark
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • aspirin rectal
  • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
  • aspirin
  • ganaxolone
  • erythromycin stearate
  • erythromycin lactobionate
  • erythromycin ethylsuccinate
  • elbasvir/grazoprevir
  • daridorexant
  • cholera vaccine
  • lumacaftor/ivacaftor
  • dienogest/estradiol valerate
  • zafirlukast
  • urofollitropin
  • tralokinumab
  • torsemide
  • tazarotene
  • pseudoephedrine
  • propoxiphene napsylate
  • propoxiphene hydrochloride
  • oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
  • oxymetazoline hydrochloride
  • naxitamab
  • nandrolone decanoate
  • methylphenidate
  • methocarbamol
  • idoxuridine
  • hyaluronidase
  • hyaluronic acid
  • gonadoreline hydrochloride
  • glycopyrrolate
  • ganirelix acetate
  • gallium citrate
  • fulvestrant
  • fexofenadine hydrochloride
  • fenefluramine hydrochloride
  • febuxostat
  • famciclovir
  • ergocalciferol
  • divalproex sodium
  • diclorfenamide
  • dezocine
  • desmopressin acetate
  • demeclocycline hydrochloride
  • defibrotide sodium
  • deferiprone
  • deferasirox
  • daunorubicin hydrochloride
  • darunavir
  • darifenacin hydrobromide
  • daptomycin
  • dapsone
  • dantrolene sodium
  • danazol
  • dalafampridine
  • dalbavancin Hydrochloride
  • daclatasvir dihydrochloride
  • dactinomycin
  • dacitabine
  • cefiderocol sulfate tosylate
  • butoconazole nitrate
  • benralizumab (Rx)
  • albuterol
  • acetylcysteine
  • acebutolol
  • acam2000
  • abrocitinib
  • abatacept
  • abametapir
  • abaloparatide
  • chloroquine
  • ferric maltol
  • lorlatinib
  • piracetam
  • timolol
  • chlorothiazide
  • ferric pyrophosphate citrate
  • lornoxicam
  • piretanide
  • tinidazole
  • chloroxylenol
  • ferric sulfate
  • lorpiprazole
  • pirfenidone
  • tiopronin
  • chlorpheniramine
  • ferrous bisglycinate
  • losartan
  • piroxicam
  • tiotropium
  • chlorpromazine
  • ferrous fumarate
  • lovastatin
  • pitavastatin
  • tipranavir
  • chlorpropamide
  • ferrous gluconate
  • loxoprofen
  • pitolisant
  • tirofiban
  • chlorprothixene
  • ferrous succinate
  • lubiprostone
  • pivampicillin
  • tisotumab vedotin
  • chlorthalidone
  • ferrous sulfate anhydrous
  • lumateperone
  • pivmecillinam
  • tixocortol
  • chlorzoxazone
  • ferumoxides
  • lumefantrine
  • plazomicin
  • tizanidine
  • abiraterone
  • cholecalciferolc
  • ferumoxsil
  • lumiracoxib
  • plerixafor
  • tobramycin (oral inhalation)
  • acalabrutinib
  • choline c 11
  • ferumoxytol
  • lurasidone
  • polatuzumab vedotin
  • tocainide
  • acarbose
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • fesoterodine
  • lurbinectedin
  • polythiazide
  • tocofersolan
  • aceclofenac
  • choline salicylate
  • fexinidazole
  • lynestrenol
  • pomalidomide
  • tocopherol
  • acemetacin
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • finasteride
  • macimorelin
  • ponatinib
  • acenocoumarol
  • chromic chloride
  • finerenone (Rx)
  • macitentan
  • ponesimod
  • tolazamide
  • acetaminophen
  • chromic nitrate
  • fish oil
  • magaldrate
  • posaconazole
  • tolbutamide
  • acetazolamide
  • chromium
  • flavoxate
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • tolcapone
  • acetohexamide
  • chromium gluconate
  • flecainide
  • magnesium carbonate
  • potassium acetate
  • tolfenamic acid
  • acetylsalicylic acid
  • chromium nicotinate
  • flibanserin
  • magnesium chloride
  • potassium bicarbonate
  • tolmetin
  • acipimox
  • chromous sulfate
  • floctafenine
  • magnesium citrate
  • potassium cation
  • tolterodine
  • aclidinium
  • ciclesonide
  • florbetaben (18f)
  • magnesium gluconate
  • potassium chloride
  • tolvaptan
  • acrivastine
  • cidofovir
  • florbetapir (18f)
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • potassium citrate
  • topiramate
  • acyclovir
  • cilazapril
  • floxuridine
  • magnesium oxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • adefovir dipivoxil
  • cilostazol
  • flucloxacillin
  • magnesium silicate
  • potassium perchlorate
  • torasemide
  • adenosine
  • cimetidine
  • fluconazole
  • potassium sulfate
  • toremifene
  • agomelatine
  • cinacalcet
  • flucytosine
  • magnesium trisilicate
  • tositumomab
  • albendazole
  • cinnarizine
  • fludeoxyglucose (18f)
  • mangafodipir
  • pralidoxime
  • trabectedin
  • albiglutide
  • cinoxacin
  • fludrocortisone
  • manidipine
  • pralsetinib
  • tramadol
  • albutrepenonacog alfa
  • ciprofibrate
  • fluindione
  • mannitol
  • pramipexole
  • trametinib
  • alclofenac
  • cisapride
  • flumazenil
  • maprotiline
  • pramlintide
  • trandolapril
  • aldesleukin
  • cisplatin
  • flumethasone
  • maraviroc
  • prasugrel
  • trastuzumab emtansine
  • alectinib
  • citalopram
  • flunarizine
  • maribavir
  • pravastatin
  • trazodone
  • alendronic acid
  • cladribine
  • flunisolide
  • mebeverine
  • prazepamb
  • treprostinil
  • alfentanil
  • clarithromycin
  • flunitrazepam
  • mecamylamine
  • praziquantel
  • tretinoin
  • alfuzosin
  • clemastine
  • fluocinolone acetonide
  • mecasermin
  • prednisolone
  • triamcinolone
  • alimemazine
  • clevidipine
  • fluocinonide
  • meclofenamic acid
  • prednisolone acetate
  • triamterene
  • aliskiren
  • clindamycin
  • fluocortolone
  • medrogestone
  • prednisolone phosphate
  • triazolam
  • allopurinol
  • clobazam
  • fluorouracil
  • medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • prednisone (Rx)
  • trichlormethiazide
  • almasilate
  • clobetasol propionate
  • fluoxetine
  • mefenamic acid
  • prednisone acetate
  • triclabendazole
  • almotriptan
exenatide + 

regular insulin

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

pioglitazone

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

dapagliflozin

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

insulin glulisine

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

sotagliflozin

may increase the hypoglycemic effect

ethinyl estradiol

exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives

ethinylestradiol

exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives

ethynodiol diacetate

exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives

etonogestrel

exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives

tolbutamide 

may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Sulfonylureas

levalbuterol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

acebutolol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

betaxolol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

bisoprolol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

carvedilol

may increase the hypoglycaemic effect

indomethacin 

may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with glucagon and its analogs

acenocoumarol

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

fluindione

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

phenindione

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

phylloquinone

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

warfarin

may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists

dienogest

hormonal contraceptives decrease the efficacy of exenatide

Actions and Spectrum: 

exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of the hormone GLP-1 to lower blood glucose levels. It has the following actions and spectrum of effects: 

  • Stimulates insulin secretion: exenatide stimulates insulin secretion in response to glucose. It binds to GLP-1 receptors on pancreatic beta cells, which triggers the release of insulin. 
  • Suppresses glucagon secretion: exenatide also suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells. Glucagon is a hormone that increases blood glucose levels, so suppressing its secretion helps to lower blood glucose levels. 
  • Slows down gastric emptying: exenatide slows down the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. This delays the absorption of glucose from food, which helps to lower blood glucose levels. 
  • Promotes weight loss: exenatide has been shown to promote weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes. This effect is thought to be mediated through its action on GLP-1 receptors in the brain, which leads to reduced appetite and increased feelings of fullness. 
  • Improves lipid profiles: exenatide has been shown to improve lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes, including reducing triglyceride levels and increasing HDL cholesterol levels. 
  • Reduces blood pressure: exenatide has been shown to reduce blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes, although the mechanism behind this effect is not well understood. 

Frequency Defined: 

>10% 

Injection site nodule  

1-10% 

Nausea  

Diarrhea  

Dizziness 

Headache  

Vomiting  

Injection site erythema  

Constipation 

Injection site pruritus

Black Box Warning: 

There is a risk of thyroid C-cell tumors due to liraglutide. 

The drug is contraindicated in people who have history of MTC (medullary thyroid carcinoma). 

And, in patients with multiple type 2 endocrine neoplasia syndrome. 

MTC patients treated with liraglutide, should get their serum calcitonin monitored. 

Contraindication/Caution: 

exenatide is contraindicated in individuals who have a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to exenatide or to any of its components. 

exenatide should be used with caution in individuals with a history of pancreatitis or a family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) as it may increase the risk of developing these conditions. 

exenatide is not recommended for use in individuals with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. 

exenatide should also be used with caution in individuals with severe gastrointestinal disease, including gastroparesis, as it can slow down gastric emptying and potentially worsen these conditions. 

In addition, exenatide may interact with other medications, so it is important to inform healthcare providers of all medications and supplements being taken before starting treatment with exenatide. 

Pregnancy consideration:  

It is not secure to administer exenatide during pregnancy. 

Breastfeeding warnings:  

No data is available about the excretion of exenatide in human breastmilk. Avoid using in lactating women. 

Pregnancy category: 

  • Category A: Satisfactory and well-controlled studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
  • Category B: No evidence of risk to the fetus is found in animal reproduction studies, and there are not enough studies on pregnant women. 
  • Category C: Adverse effects on the fetus found with evidence in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence for a human product; Pregnant women must take care of the potential risks. 
  • Category D: There is adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms. However, despite potential dangers may be used only in emergencies for potential benefits. 
  • Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. The drug is not for pregnant women. 
  • Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology: 

exenatide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of GLP-1, a hormone produced in the intestines that sti 

mulates insulin secretion and lowers blood glucose levels. 

exenatide is administered as a subcutaneous injection and has a half-life of approximately 2.4 hours. It stimulates insulin secretion in response to glucose, slows down gastric emptying, and suppresses glucagon secretion, all of which contribute to its blood glucose-lowering effects. 

In addition to its effects on blood glucose levels, exenatide has been shown to promote weight loss, reduce blood pressure, and improve lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes. 

exenatide is generally well-tolerated, although some people may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. In rare cases, it may cause pancreatitis or thyroid cancer. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

The pharmacodynamics of exenatide is mainly mediated through its action as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. exenatide binds to and activates GLP-1 receptors, which are located on pancreatic beta cells, leading to increased insulin secretion in response to glucose. exenatide also suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, which helps to further lower blood glucose levels. 

In addition to its effects on pancreatic hormones, exenatide also slows down gastric emptying, which contributes to its blood glucose-lowering effects by delaying the absorption of glucose from food. This effect also contributes to its side effect of nausea, which is more common in the early stages of treatment. 

exenatide has been shown to have other beneficial effects beyond glycemic control, including promoting weight loss, improving lipid profiles, and reducing blood pressure. These effects are thought to be mediated through its action on GLP-1 receptors in other tissues, including the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. 

exenatide has a rapid onset of action, with peak effects observed within two hours of administration. Its effects on insulin secretion and gastric emptying persist for up to 10 hours after administration, which is why it is typically administered twice daily. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

The peak plasma concentration at steady state is 208 pg/mL 

Distribution 

The volume of distribution is 28.3 L 

Elimination and Excretion 

The rate of renal clearance is 9.1 L/hr 

The drug is predominantly excreted in urine 

Administration: 

exenatide is administered by subcutaneous injection, which means it is injected under the skin. It comes as a pre-filled pen or a vial with a separate needle. 

The recommended dose of exenatide is typically 5 mcg injected twice daily, 60 minutes before the morning and evening meals. After at least one month of treatment, the dose may be increased to 10 mcg injected twice daily, if needed to achieve better glycemic control. 

It is important to follow the instructions for injection provided by the healthcare provider or pharmacist, as the injection technique can affect the absorption and effectiveness of the medication. exenatide should not be administered intravenously or intramuscularly. 

exenatide should be stored in a refrigerator until the expiration date on the label, and the medication should not be used if it has been frozen or exposed to heat or sunlight. Unused medication should be discarded according to local regulations. 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: exenatide 

Pronounced: exe-naa-tide 

Why do we use exenatide? 

exenatide is used to treat type 2 diabetes, a condition in which the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. 

exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of the hormone GLP-1 to lower blood glucose levels. By stimulating insulin secretion in response to glucose, slowing down gastric emptying, and suppressing glucagon secretion, exenatide can effectively reduce blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. 

In addition to its effects on blood glucose levels, exenatide has been shown to promote weight loss, reduce blood pressure, and improve lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes. These effects are thought to be mediated through its action on GLP-1 receptors in other tissues, including the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. 

ADVERTISEMENT 

Free CME credits

Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.