isoflurophate

Actions and Spectrum: 

Action 

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition: isoflurophate acts as an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. It forms a covalent bond with the enzyme, which prevents it from effectively breaking down acetylcholine. This leads to an increase in the levels of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. 

Spectrum 

Ocular Effects: isoflurophate has been used in the treatment of glaucoma. It reduces intraocular pressure by constricting the pupils and increasing the drainage of aqueous humor, ultimately leading to a decrease in intraocular pressure. 

DRUG INTERACTION

Contraindicated  

Serious Use Alternative  

Monitor Closely  

Minor  

Frequency not defined  

unusual tiredness or weakness 

sweating 

seizures 

pounding in the ears 

headache 

Blurred vision 

Black Box Warning:  

None

Contraindication/Caution:  

Hypersensitivity: isoflurophate should not be used in individuals who have a known hypersensitivity or allergy to the active ingredient or any components of the product.  

Asthma: Individuals who have a history of asthma or other respiratory disease could face an elevated risk of experiencing bronchoconstriction or worsening of their respiratory issues when they meet isoflurophate. Hence, it is typically not recommended for such patients. 

Cardiovascular Disease: Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases should use isoflurophate with caution, or it may be contraindicated depending on the severity of their condition. 

Gastrointestinal Disorders: Individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disorders, such as ulcers or bleeding, may be at increased risk of experiencing gastrointestinal irritation when using isoflurophate. 

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

<b>Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology: It is an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. 

Pharmacodynamics:  

isoflurophate works by forming a covalent bond with acetylcholinesterase, which prevents the enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine. 

This leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and prolongs the action of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

N/A 

Administration:  

The route of administration is ocular. 

isoflurophate should be administered by a qualified ophthalmologist or healthcare professional 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: isoflurophate 

Why do we use isoflurophate?  

isoflurophate is used to lower intraocular pressure in cases of open-angle glaucoma.  

Sometimes, isoflurophate is used both before and after specific eye surgeries, such cataract surgery. It can help to prevent or manage intraoperative and postoperative increases in intraocular pressure. 

isoflurophate can be used to induce pupil dilation for certain diagnostic procedures, such as fundus examination or retinal photography.