Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Votrient
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
pazopanib
Class :
Antineoplastic agents and Tyrosinase Kinase Inhibitors; VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Inhibitors
Brand Name :
Votrient
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
pazopanib
Class :
Antineoplastic agents and Tyrosinase Kinase Inhibitors; VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Inhibitors
Dosage forms & StrengthsÂ
TabletÂ
200mgÂ
400mgÂ
pazopanib is indicated to treat renal cell carcinoma
A dose of 800 mg orally, each day, is administered on an empty stomach (1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals)
The medication is continued until the disease is reduced to acceptable toxicity
pazopanib is indicated in patients who have received chemotherapy in the past for soft tissue sarcoma
A dose of 800 mg orally, each day, is administered on an empty stomach (1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals)
Dose Adjustments
In case of renal impairment
All grades: No dosage adjustment is required
In case of hepatic impairment
Mild impairment (bilirubin <1.5 x upper normal limit and any serum alanine aminotransferase): No dosage adjustment necessary
Moderate impairment (bilirubin ≥1.5-3 x upper normal limit and any serum alanine aminotransferase): Reduce the dose to 200 mg orally each day
Severe impairment (bilirubin >3 x upper normal limit and any serum alanine aminotransferase): The drug is not recommended in this case
The safety and efficacy of pazopanib are not found for pediatric dosingÂ
Refer to the adult dosingÂ
pazopanib: they may diminish the serum concentration of antacids
pazopanib: they may diminish the serum concentration of antacids
pazopanib: they may diminish the serum concentration of antacids
pazopanib: they may diminish the serum concentration of antacids
pazopanib: they may diminish the serum concentration of antacids
they decrease the concentration of pazopanib in serum
immunosuppressants reduce the therapeutic effect of inactivated vaccines
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with pazopanib
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with pazopanib
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with pazopanib
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with pazopanib
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with pazopanib
pazopanib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
pazopanib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
pazopanib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
pazopanib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
pazopanib: they may enhance the serum concentration of glycoprotein Inhibitors
QTc interval is increased both by lenvatinib and pazopanib
lapatinib increases the effect of pazopanib by altering the intestinal or hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
CYP3A strong enhancers of the small intestine may reduce the bioavailability of pazopanib 
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increase in the serum concentration of pazopanib
BCRP/ABCG2 Inhibitors increase the concentration of pazopanib in serum
may enhance the serum concentration
may enhance the serum concentration of BRCP/ABCG2 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of BCRP/ABCG2 Inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of BCRP/ABG2 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of BCRP/ABCG2 inhibitors
hypertension associated agents enhance the effect of hypertension of Androgens
decreases the concentration of serum of pazopanib
immunosuppressants increase the toxic or adverse effects of BCG products
it increases the QTc-prolonging effect of pazopanib
they decrease the concentration of pazopanib in serum
It may enhance the metabolism when combined with dexamethasone
It may enhance the effect when combined with tafamidis meglumine
When pazopanib is used together with ridaforolimus, this leads to enhanced concentration serum of pazopanib
the effect of pazopanib is decreased by lorlatinib, by altering intestinal or hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
metronidazole enhances the effect of pazopanib by altering the intestinal or hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
angiogenesis Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of bisphosphonate derivatives
angiogenesis Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of bisphosphonate derivatives
angiogenesis Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of bisphosphonate derivatives
angiogenesis Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of bisphosphonate derivatives
may enhance the immunosuppressive effects of each other
it may increase the toxicity of each other
may increase the QTc prolonging effect of QT-prolonging agents
the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding may be increased
when used in combination, pazopanib and azithromycin both increase the QTc interval
when used in combination, pazopanib, and foscarnet both increase the QTc interval
when used in combination, pazopanib and paliperidone both increase the QTc interval
when used in combination, pazopanib and telavancin both increase the QTc interval
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions:Â
pazopanib works by blocking certain enzymes in the body that promote the growth of cancer cells, thus helping to slow down or stop the growth and spread of cancer cells.Â
pazopanib is used to treat various types of cancer, including kidney cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and advanced ovarian cancer. It is also used to treat advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and is being studied for its potential to treat other types of cancer.Â
Spectrum:Â
The spectrum of pazopanib is quite broad, as it can inhibit several tyrosine kinases that play a role in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Some specific tyrosine kinases that pazopanib can inhibit include vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and c-kit.Â
Frequency defined:Â
>10%Â
ALT/AST increased Â
Diarrhea Â
Glucose increased Â
Hypertension Â
Hair color changes Â
Leukopenia Â
Total bilirubin increased Â
Phosphorous decreased Â
Neutropenia Â
Thrombocytopenia Â
Lymphocytopenia Â
Sodium decreased Â
Magnesium decreased Â
Nausea Â
AnorexiaÂ
Vomiting Â
Fatigue Â
Glucose decreased Â
Asthenia Â
Abdominal pain Â
1-10%Â
Headache Â
ProteinuriaÂ
Weight decreased Â
Rash Â
Alopecia Â
Dysgeusia Â
Palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia Â
Chest pain Â
Dyspepsia Â
Dysphonia Â
Skin depigmentation Â
Facial edema Â
<1%Â
Change in hair colorÂ
Increased glucoseÂ
NauseaÂ
ThrombocytopeniaÂ
CoughÂ
HyperpigmentationÂ
Black-Box Warning:Â
HepatotoxicityÂ
It is important to note that severe and fatal hepatotoxicity has been observed in clinical trials with pazopanib. Patients aged over 65 years are at greater risk for hepatotoxicity, and liver function tests should be monitored regularly to identify any signs of liver damage. Â
Monitoring should be performed at baseline, at Weeks 3, 5, 7, and 9, at months 3 and 4, and then periodically as clinically indicated. Patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) should monitor their liver function tests weekly until the ALT returns to Grade 1 or baseline. Â
If hepatotoxicity is suspected, the dose of pazopanib should be withheld, and the patient should be monitored closely. The dose may be resumed at a reduced level with continued weekly monitoring for eight weeks. Or the medication may be permanently discontinued weekly monitoring. Until the hepatotoxicity resolves, based on the severity of the hepatotoxicity.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindications:Â
Cautions:Â
Pregnancy consideration: The drug is toxic and unsafe for pregnant women and the developing fetus. It may cause fetal death or lower birth weight.Â
Breastfeeding warnings: No data on the excretion of pazopanib in breast milk is available. Because of possible serious effects, women are advised to breastfeed two weeks after the last dose of pazopanib.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Â
Pharmacology:Â
pazopanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of several protein kinases that promote tumor growth and progression. It selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and c-Kit, all involved in angiogenesis and tumor growth.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
The pharmacodynamics of pazopanib is mainly related to its inhibition of several protein kinases involved in angiogenesis and tumor growth. By blocking the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and c-Kit, pazopanib inhibits the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow and spread.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The peak plasma concentration is achieved in 2-4 hoursÂ
The peak plasma concentration is 58.1 mcg/mLÂ Â
The area under the curve is 1,037 hr•mcg/mLÂ
2-fold increases Cmax and AUC with food and increases if the tablet is crushed.Â
DistributionÂ
The bound protein is more than 99%Â Â
MetabolismÂ
The drug is metabolized by CYP3A4 (major), CYP2C8 and CYP1A2 (minor)Â
EliminationÂ
The half-life is 30.9 hoursÂ
The drug is excreted primarily in feces, and <4% in urineÂ
Administration:Â
pazopanib is an oral medication typically taken once a day, with or without food. The tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water and not crushed, chewed, or broken. Â
The recommended dose of pazopanib varies depending on the indication and the patient’s characteristics, such as age, body weight, and renal function. The usual starting dose of pazopanib for renal cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma is 800 mg once daily, while the starting dose for ovarian cancer is 400 mg once daily. Â
During treatment with pazopanib, monitoring the patient’s liver function regularly is important, as pazopanib can cause hepatotoxicity. Liver function tests should be performed at baseline, at weeks 3, 5, 7, and 9, at months 3 and 4, and periodically after that as clinically indicated.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: pazopanib (Rx)Â
Pronounced: Paz-OH-pa-nibÂ
Why do we use pazopanib?Â
pazopanib is a medication used to treat certain types of cancer, specifically renal cell carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and advanced ovarian cancer. It is an oral medication that works by inhibiting the activity of several protein kinases involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis or the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow and spread.Â
pazopanib is used as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced or metastatic disease in renal cell carcinoma. It improves progression-free survival, overall survival, and objective response rate in clinical trials.Â
In soft tissue sarcoma, pazopanib treats patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who have received prior chemotherapy. It has improved progression-free survival and overall survival in clinical trials.Â
In advanced ovarian cancer, pazopanib is combined with paclitaxel to treat patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent disease. It is effective in improving progression-free survival in clinical trials.Â
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