Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria spreads from person to person through the air, typically when an infected person speaks, coughs, or sneezes.

Measles is an airborne and one of the most contagious diseases; up to 9 out of 10 susceptible people in close contact with a measles patient will contract the disease. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infectious droplets or via the airborne route when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the urinary tract results in green urine due to the release of the pigment pyocyanin. Green and blue urine may also appear in chronic obstructive jaundice due to biliverdin excretion, an oxidation product of bilirubin.

Measles, also known as rubeola, is a contagious, preventable viral infection. Despite developing an effective vaccine, it causes over 100,000 fatalities each year. The causative organism is the measles virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and the Morbillivirus genus.

Monkeypox is a virus from the family Poxviridae that manifests within 5–21 days after exposure. It affects humans and a few animals, and its symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fever, and a rash with blisters. In 1958, monkeypox was detected for the first time when monkeys sent to a Danish research facility from Singapore contracted the illness. The first ever human case identified was 12 years later, in 1970.

Skin cancer — the abnormal growth of skin cells — most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. But this common form of cancer can also occur in areas of your skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight. There are three major types of skin cancer — basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.