Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Azor
Synonyms :
amlodipine/olmesartan
Class :
Angiotensin receptor II blocker, Calcium channel blocker
Brand Name :
Azor
Synonyms :
amlodipine/olmesartan
Class :
Angiotensin receptor II blocker, Calcium channel blocker
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Tablet
5mg/20mg
5mg/40mg
10mg/20mg
10mg/40mg
Initial dose:5mg/20mg orally once a day, can increase the dose after 1-2 weeks
Maintenance dose-10mg/40mg orally once a day
Safety and efficacy not established
Refer adult dosing
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin receptor II blocker
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may decrease the hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect of calcium channel blockers
may decrease the therapeutic effect of calcium channel blockers
may decrease the therapeutic effect of calcium channel blockers
may decrease the therapeutic effect of calcium channel blockers
may decrease the therapeutic effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin receptor II blockers
Mechanism of action
amlodipine works by blocking calcium channels in blood vessels, which reduces the amount of calcium entering the smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels). This reduces the resistance in the blood vessels and allows for increased blood flow, resulting in lower blood pressure. olmesartan works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes vasoconstriction (narrowing blood vessels) and increases blood pressure.
By blocking this hormone, olmesartan allows blood vessels to relax, lowering blood pressure. amlodipine/olmesartan work synergistically to lower blood pressure by increasing blood flow and reducing resistance in the blood vessels
Spectrum
amlodipine/olmesartan has a broad spectrum of activity and is effective in treating high blood pressure in many patient populations, including those with mild to severe hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease
Frequency defined:
10%
Peripheral edema (11%)
Frequency undefined:
Nocturia
Orthostatic hypotension
rash
palpitation
urinary frequency
pruritis
Post-marketing reports
Anaphylactic reactions
Diarrhea
Jaundice
Extrapyramidal syndrome
Acute renal failure
Angioedema
Hepatic enzyme elevations
Rhabdomyolysis
Increased blood creatinine levels
Black box warning
Drugs that have an immediate effect on the renin-angiotensin system can harm or even kill a growing baby. If pregnancy is found, stop taking the medication as soon as possible
Contraindications
Caution
Pregnancy consideration:
It should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to potential harm to the fetus or infant
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknown
Pregnancy category:
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology
amlodipine and olmesartan are two drugs commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). In other cardiovascular conditions, amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that relaxes the blood vessels, reduces the heart’s workload, and improves blood flow. By blocking the influx of calcium ions into the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, it reduces the contraction of the smooth muscle cells. It leads to vasodilation
olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that works by blocking the action of angiotensin II. This hormone causes blood vessels to narrow and blood pressure to increase. By blocking the action of angiotensin II, olmesartan causes blood vessels to dilate, which reduces blood pressure
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamics of amlodipine and olmesartan is affected by individual patient factors, such as age, kidney and liver function, and other medications taken concurrently. amlodipine and olmesartan have a complementary effect on blood pressure by targeting different pathways. amlodipine reduces peripheral vascular resistance through calcium channel blockade, while olmesartan inhibits the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II. This combination of drugs leads to a more significant blood pressure reduction than either drug alone.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
amlodipine and olmesartan are taken orally and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. amlodipine is rapidly absorbed, with a peak plasma concentration reached within 6 to 12 hours of dosing. olmesartan is also well absorbed, with a peak plasma concentration reached within 2 to 4 hours of dosing
Distribution
Both drugs are extensively distributed throughout the body, with amlodipine binding firmly to plasma proteins (approximately 93%) and olmesartan binding weakly to plasma proteins (approximately 99%). Both drugs cross the blood-brain barrier, but the extent of penetration into the central nervous system is not well understood
Metabolism
the liver primarily metabolizes amlodipine into inactive metabolites excreted in the urine. Olmesartan is also primarily metabolized by the liver into inactive metabolites, with no significant active metabolites identified. Both drugs are primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, particularly the CYP3A4 isozyme
Elimination/Excretion
amlodipine and olmesartan are primarily eliminated by the kidneys, with approximately 60% to 80% of each drug excreted in the urine. The remaining fraction of each drug is excreted in the feces. The elimination half-life of amlodipine is approximately 30 to 50 hours, while the half-life of olmesartan is approximately 12 to 16 hours
Administration
amlodipine and olmesartan are usually administered together as a single medication, often in tablet form, to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. The medication can be taken with or without food and should be taken each day simultaneously.
The dosage of amlodipine and olmesartan will depend on the patient’s needs, as determined by a healthcare provider. Typically, the starting dose for adults is one tablet of 5 mg/20 mg once daily. The dosage can be increased if needed but should be at most 10 mg/40 mg daily.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: amlodipine/olmesartan
Pronounced: [ am-LOE-de-peen-ol-me-SAR-tan ]
Why do we use amlodipine/olmesartan?
amlodipine and olmesartan are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and related conditions. Here are some of the specific uses of amlodipine and Olmesartan:
Hypertension: amlodipine and olmesartan are used to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of hypertension-related complications, such as heart attacks, strokes, and kidney damage
Angina: amlodipine is also used to treat chronic stable angina (chest pain), as it can improve blood flow to the heart and reduce the frequency and severity of angina episodes
Cardiovascular protection: amlodipine and olmesartan may also be used to protect the heart and blood vessels from damage caused by conditions such as diabetes and atherosclerosis
Renal protection: amlodipine and olmesartan have been shown to slow the progression of kidney disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes
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