Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Maxivent
Synonyms :
Doxofilina, doxofylline, Doxophylline
Class :
Respiratory system agent, Xanthine derivative, Xanthine-type bronchodilator, Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Brand Name :
Maxivent
Synonyms :
Doxofilina, doxofylline, Doxophylline
Class :
Respiratory system agent, Xanthine derivative, Xanthine-type bronchodilator, Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
TabletÂ
400 mgÂ
SyrupÂ
100 mg/5 mLÂ
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Â
It is used to treat obstructive lung illnesses like COPD and asthma
It is used to treat the symptoms of lung problems, such as wheezing, dyspnea, and tightness in the chest
The recommended usual dose per day is 400 mg two or three times with a maximum permissible limit is 1200 mg per day
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
It is used to treat obstructive lung illnesses like COPD and asthma
It is used to treat the symptoms of lung problems, such as wheezing, dyspnea, and tightness in the chest
The recommended usual dose per day is 400 mg two or three times with a maximum permissible limit is 1200 mg per day
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
TabletÂ
400 mgÂ
SyrupÂ
100 mg/5 mLÂ
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Â
It is used to treat obstructive lung illnesses like COPD and asthma
It is used to treat the symptoms of lung problems, such as wheezing, dyspnea, and tightness in the chest
The recommended usual dose per day is 400 mg two or three times with a maximum permissible limit is 1200 mg per day
It is used to treat obstructive lung illnesses like COPD and asthma
It is used to treat the symptoms of lung problems, such as wheezing, dyspnea, and tightness in the chest
The recommended usual dose per day is 400 mg two or three times with a maximum permissible limit is 1200 mg per day
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
TabletÂ
400 mgÂ
SyrupÂ
100 mg/5 mLÂ
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Â
It is used to treat obstructive lung illnesses like COPD and asthma
It is used to treat the symptoms of lung problems, such as wheezing, dyspnea, and tightness in the chest
Lower the dosage compared to the adult dosage to 200 mg twice a day
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
It is used to treat obstructive lung illnesses like COPD and asthma
It is used to treat the symptoms of lung problems, such as wheezing, dyspnea, and tightness in the chest
Lower the dosage compared to the adult dosage to 200 mg twice a day
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
caffeine and its products increase the toxicity of doxofylline
doxofylline: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
doxofylline: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
doxofylline: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
doxofylline: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
doxofylline: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
sympathomimetics increase the toxicity of doxofylline
sympathomimetics increase the toxicity of doxofylline
sympathomimetics increase the toxicity of doxofylline
sympathomimetics increase the toxicity of doxofylline
sympathomimetics increase the toxicity of doxofylline
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with doxofylline
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with doxofylline
doxofylline: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
doxofylline: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
doxofylline: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
doxofylline: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
doxofylline: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
the risk or extent of tachycardia can be raised when aclidinium is combined with doxofylline
may increase the adverse effect of sympathomimetic drugs
may increase the adverse effect of sympathomimetic drugs
hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrineÂ
may increase the toxic effects of sympathomimetic drugs
may increase the toxic effect of sympathomimetics
may increase the toxic effect of sympathomimetics
may increase the toxic effect of sympathomimetics
acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of doxofylline, which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy
the risk or extent of hypertension can be raised when acetylsalicylic acid is combined with doxofylline
the metabolism of doxofylline can be lowered when combined with acyclovir
venlafaxine may raise the tachycardic activities of doxofylline
the metabolism of doxofylline can be lowered when combined with verapamil
the risk or extent of hypotension can be raised when doxofylline is combined with vericiguat
vigabatrine may increase the excretion rate of doxofylline, which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy
the risk or extent of adverse effects can be raised when doxofylline is combined with vilanterol
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions:Â
Doxofylline is a bronchodilator and a derivative of theophylline. It works by blocking the action of phosphodiesterase enzymes, which raise cAMP (cyclic adenine monophosphate) and relax the smooth muscle of the bronchi, resulting in bronchodilation.Â
Spectrum:Â
A methylxanthine derivative with position 7 of a group known with name dioxolane called doxofylline is used as a medication to treat asthma. Research on both humans and animals has shown that it is just as effective as theophylline while having a lot less adverse effects. Doxofylline, in contrast to other xanthine derivatives, binds to adenosine alpha-2 or alpha-1 receptors very little and has no stimulating effects.
It is thought that doxofylline has a better safety profile than theophylline because of its decreased affinity for adenosine receptors. Doxofylline differs from theophylline in that it does not obstruct calcium channel blockers’ effects or interfere with calcium influx, which may account for the drug’s lower rate of cardiac adverse reactions. Doxofylline’s anti-asthmatic properties are mainly due to mechanisms that suppress the activities of the PDE (phosphodiesterase) enzyme.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
HyperglycemiaÂ
InsomniaÂ
TachycardiaÂ
NauseaÂ
PalpitationsÂ
ExtrasystolesÂ
VomitingÂ
HeadacheÂ
Epigastric painÂ
SeizuresÂ
IrritabilityÂ
TachypnoeaÂ
AlbuminuriaÂ
Black Box Warning:Â Â
Prioritizing health and quitting smoking is imperative. Limit or avoid the consumption of caffeine to mitigate the extent of adverse effects such as rapid heartbeat, nervousness, palpitations, and nausea. In individuals with underlying liver disorders or dysfunction, it is advisable to abstain from alcohol.Â
Adopting a dietary approach that restricts the intake of foods high in salt, preservatives, and added sugar with a high glycemic index, as well as refined and high-energy-dense foods, red and processed meat, saturated and trans fats, low antioxidants, low fiber, and vitamins is recommended. Dietary restrictions should be adjusted to meet the individual requirements of each patient.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
ContraindicationsÂ
CautionsÂ
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
No data is available regarding the administration of the drug during pregnancy.Â
Breastfeeding warnings:Â Â
No data is available regarding the excretion of drug in breast milk.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category.Â
Pharmacology:Â
Doxofylline falls under the category of bronchodilator methylxanthine derivatives. It widens the airways, facilitating breathing for individuals with conditions such as COPD, asthma, and other respiratory disorders.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
The primary mechanism of action of doxofylline remains uncertain. One suggested mechanism involves the inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity, leading to elevated cAMP levels and facilitating smooth muscle relaxation.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The bioavailability is 62.6%Â
The time to achieve peak effect is 1.19 hoursÂ
DistributionÂ
Protein-bound is 48%Â
The volume of distribution is 1 L/kgÂ
MetabolismÂ
Hepatic metabolism is 90 % which results into hydroxyethyltheophylline (its active metabolite)Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The half-life is 7-10 hoursÂ
The drug is excreted 4% through urine unchanged.Â
AdministrationÂ
Follow the guidelines on the label or your doctor’s instructions when taking Doxofylline. Adhere to the dose prescribed. Aim to take it at the same time daily.Â
Doxofylline is accessible in various forms, including conventional tablets, extended-release tablets, and oral syrup. If you are using the extended-release tablet, swallow it whole without breaking, chewing, or crushing it.Â
For those using the oral syrup, shake the bottle thoroughly before taking it to ensure proper mixing of the liquid. Use the provided measuring cup or spoon to measure your dose accurately.Â
Dosage will be determined by the doctor, considering the type and severity of your condition. Follow your doctor’s advice on the duration of treatment.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: doxofyllineÂ
Pronounced: dox-uh-FIL-eenÂ
Why do we use doxofylline? Â
Doxofylline is a pharmaceutical used predominantly to address respiratory ailments like asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Classified under bronchodilators, Doxofylline operates by easing and expanding the air passages in the lungs, facilitating improved breathing for individuals grappling with respiratory issues.
It is effective in relieving symptoms like wheezing, breathlessness, and chest tightness. This medication is employed to enhance airflow and address chronic respiratory disorders, thereby enhancing respiratory function and the overall well-being of individuals dealing with such conditions.Â
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