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Brand Name :
No Data Available.
Synonyms :
ampicillin
Class :
Penicillin
Brand Name :
No Data Available.
Synonyms :
ampicillin
Class :
Penicillin
Dosage forms with strengths:
Capsules: 250mg, 500mg (Oral absorption is 39% to 54%)
Oral Suspensions: 125mg/5ml, 250mg/ml
Powder for injection: 125mg, 250mg, 500mg, 1g, 2g, 10g, 1.5g, 3g, 15g
Orally ampicillin can be taken without food with a minimum of 8 ounces of water.
Genitourinary tract infection:
Gonorrhea:Â
Respiratory tract:Â
Gastrointestinal tract infections:Â
Ear, nose, and throat infections:
Endocarditis: IV dose recommendation
Kidney dysfunction
Bite wound infection (animal or human bite)
Meningitis/Treatment for bacterial infection (Haemophilus influenzae, L. monocytogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp.):
Genitourinary Tract InfectionsÂ
500mg orally every 12hrs
250mg orally every 8hrs
3.5g of the single oral dose administered simultaneously, with 1g probenecid
Indicated for Respiratory tract:
875mg oral dose every 12hrs
500mg oral dose every 8hrs
Indicated for gastrointestinal infections:
500mg orally every 12hrs
250mg orally every 8hrs
Ear, Nose And Throat InfectionsÂ
500mg orally every 12hrs for 7 to 14 days
250mg orally every 8hrs for 7 to 14 days
2g every 4hrs in combination with gentamycin for 4 weeks
2g every 4hrs in combination with ceftriaxone for 6 weeks
Indicated for kidney dysfunction:
IV: 1 to 2g every 6 hrs or 2g every 4hrs (expert opinion)
Bite wound infection (animal or human bite)
500mg orally every 12hrs
250mg orally every 8hrs
Ampicillin/sulbactam (ratio of 2:1) IM, IV: 1.5g to 3g every 6hrs for 5 to 14days
Meningitis/Treatment for bacterial infection (Haemophilus influenzae, L. monocytogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp.):
500mg orally four times a day
IV: 2g every 4 hrs for 7 to 21 days
Senior dosage (above 65 years and older):
Start on a dose of 250mg divided six times a day or start on a different schedule, especially for the patients with renal impairment
Senior dosage (above 65 years and older):
Start on a dose of 250mg divided six times a day or start on a different schedule, especially for the patients with renal impairment
Dosage forms with strengths:
Capsules: 250mg, 500mg (Oral absorption is 39% to 54%)
Oral Suspensions: 125mg/5ml, 250mg/ml
Powder for injection: 125mg, 250mg, 500mg, 1g, 2g, 10g, 1.5g, 3g, 15g
Orally ampicillin can be taken without food with a minimum of 8 ounces of water.
Genitourinary tract infection:
Ear, nose, and throat infections:
Respiratory tract:
Gastrointestinal tract infections:
Pneumonia and other bacterial infections (off-label)
Surgical prophylaxis IV:
Note: For oral therapy usually, amoxicillin is preferred over ampicillin due to better absorption. In some cases, IV ampicillin may be administered as a 24 hrs continuous infusion for ease of patient.
Genitourinary Tract InfectionsÂ
(>20kg weight):100mg/kg/day total in equally divided and spaced doses
(<20kg weight): less than 30mg/kg per day in four equally divided and spaced doses
Ear, Nose And Throat InfectionsÂ
(<20kg weight): 30-40mg/kg every 12hr for 10days
(>20kg weight): 500mg every 12hr or 250mg every 8hr for 10 to 15 days
Indicated for Gastrointestinal tract infections:
(0-17year old, weight>20kg): 500mg four times a day
(0-17 years, weight <20kg): 100mg/kg per day in four equally divided and spaced doses
90mg/kg/day every 12hr for 10days (do not exceed 4000mg/day)
Group A Streptococcus: 50-75 mg/kg/day every 12hr for 10 days; (do not exceed 4000mg/day)
H. influenza: 75-100 mg/kg/day every 8hr for 10 days; (do not exceed 4000mg/day)
Surgical prophylaxis IV:
50mg/kg before surgical incision within 60 mins; can be repeated in 2 hrs for excessive blood loss or lengthy procedure
Dosage forms with strengths:
Capsules: 250mg, 500mg (Oral absorption is 39% to 54%)
Oral Suspensions: 125mg/5ml, 250mg/ml
Powder for injection: 125mg, 250mg, 500mg, 1g, 2g, 10g, 1.5g, 3g, 15g
Orally ampicillin can be taken without food with a minimum of 8 ounces of water.
Dosage for Respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections:Â
Start on a dose of 250mg divided six times a day or start on a different schedule, especially for the patients with renal impairment.
Chloroquine reduces the serum concentrations of ampicillin. Apply at least 2 hours of gap between administration of chloroquine and ampicillin.
Interaction with allopurinol may enhance the allergic reaction to ampicillin.
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with ampicillin
Typhoid vaccine (Ty21a) should be avoided in patients on treatment of systemic antibacterial agents. Penicillin antibiotics reduce the therapeutic effect of live attenuated vaccine TY21a.
When both drugs are combined, there may be a reduced therapeutic effect of ampicillin sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium
When both drugs are combined, there may be an increased risk or severity of adverse effects  
when both drugs are combined, there may be a reduced effect of ampicillin  
when both drugs are combined, there may be a decreased effects of ampicillin
tetracycline may decrease the therapeutic effects of penicillins by interfering with its bactericidal effects
tetracycline may decrease the therapeutic effects of penicillins by interfering with its bactericidal effects
Therapy monitoring suggested. May increase serum concentrations when interacting with penicillins.
Ampicillin may increase the serum concentrations of methotrexate.
Decreases the ampicillin serum concentrations.
antipyrine has the potential to reduce the rate of excretion of ampicillin, potentially leading to an elevation in the serum concentration
ampicillin has the potential to reduce the rate of excretion of idebenone, leading to an elevation in levels of serum
When ampicillin is used together with capsaicin, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
the excretion rate of ampicillin, when decreased by pralidoxime, results in increased serum level
fentiazac may reduce the elimination rate of ampicillin, resulting in a greater serum level
ampicillin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of eucalyptus oil which leads to increased level of serum
cefpirome leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of ampicillin which leads to increased level of serum
ampicillin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of chromous sulfate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ampicillin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ampicillin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium acetate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ampicillin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium perchlorate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ampicillin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of nitric oxide, which leads to an increased level of serum
ampicillin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
ampicillin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
ampicillin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
ampicillin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
ampicillin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
ampicillin may decrease the excretion rate of almasilate, leading to higher serum levels
ampicillin may increase levels of willow bark or vice versa by decreasing renal clearance
ampicillin: it may increase the serum concentration of rosoxacin
may increase serum concentration of methotrexate
may increase the serum concentration of trimetrexate
anticoagulant properties or actions of fluindione are increased with ampicillin
the rate of excretion of aurothioglucose may be reduced with ampicillin
ampicillin might lead to a reduction in the rate of excretion of telavancin, potentially leading to elevated levels of serum
Probenecid may enhance serum concentrations of ampicillin.
Ampicillin may reduce the serum concentrations of active metabolites of mycophenolate.
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions:Â
Ampicillin stops bacterial ceÂll walls from forming properly. It disrupts the linking of peptidoglycan layeÂrs by interfering with key eÂnzymes. This weakness damageÂs the cell wall structure. Not only doeÂs this compromise the bacterial ceÂll wall’s integrity, it also kills bacteria. By weakeÂning cell walls, ampicillin makes bacteria vulneÂrable to osmotic pressure changeÂs. This causes cells to rupture, leÂading to bacterial death. Ampicillin’s dual action – halting growth and eliminating    susceÂptible strains – shows its effectiveÂness.Â
Spectrum:Â
Ampicillin helps treÂat bacterial infections. It works on meningitis, which affeÂcts the membranes around the brain and spine. It also fights infections in the throat, urinary tract, lungs, sinuseÂs, reproductive organs, and digestive system. Ampicillin belongs to penicillin drugs. TheÂse drugs remove bacteÂria from the body. However, ampicillin can’t treÂat viral infections like colds and flu. Using antibiotics unneceÂssarily allows antibiotic-resistant infections to deveÂlop later.Â
Note: Appearance of rash is higher in patients with a viral infection, Salmonella infection, lymphocytic leukemia, or patients that have hyperuricemia.
Patients with a history of sensitivity to multiple allergens or hypersensitivity to beta-lactams may develop severe anaphylactoid reactions with ampicillin therapy. If these effects don’t go away within one week, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Black Box Warning:Â
Ampicillin gets useÂd in this medication. If you have allergieÂs to ampicillin or other parts in Ampi, Penglobe, OmnipeÂn, or Principen, don’t use them. Kids should also avoid theÂse drugs.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
ContraindicationsÂ
CautionsÂ
Pharmacology:Â
Ampicillin fights bacteria. It’s from the penicillin group of antibiotics. It works on many bacteria types. Doctors ofteÂn prescribe it with other drugs. This combo eÂnhances ampicillin’s ability to beat bacterial infeÂctions.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
Ampicillin combats bacteria by disrupting theÂir cell walls. It blocks enzymes that build ceÂll walls, weakening them. This makeÂs bacterial cells burst in changing pressureÂs, killing them. But, the time ampicillin takeÂs to destroy bacteria matters. It neÂeds enough exposure to eliminate bacterial populations.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The meÂdicine begins working around 1-2 hours after taking it. HoweÂver, the body only absorbs     30-55% of the drug.Â
DistributionÂ
A small portion, 15-25%, binds to proteÂins.Â
MetabolismÂ
Before elimination, part of the medicine breaks down.Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The body gets rid of it within 0.7-1.5 hours. 20-64% leaves through the digestive system. 60-70% passeÂs out unchanged in the urine.Â
Administration:Â
Ampicillin gets giveÂn through different ways. For milder infeÂctions, you may take it by mouth as a pill or liquid. For severe cases, it is injected straight into your veÂin (IV) or muscle (IM). The type of infeÂction determines how it’s giveÂn.Â
Patient Information Leaflet:Â
Ampicillin fights bacteria. It doeÂsn’t cure viral illnesses like flu or colds. Take it by mouth four times daily, about eveÂry six hours. You can take it before eÂating or two hours after food, with water. Follow your doctor’s dosage instructions. Don’t stop taking it eÂarly or extend use without your doctor’s approval. It may cause side effects like sore tongue, mouth ulcers, vomiting, nauseÂa, and diarrhea. Seek immeÂdiate medical care if you eÂxperience seÂvere abdominal pain, easy bruising, or yeÂllowed eyes. OldeÂr adults might have trouble eliminating ampicillin due to kidney issues. KeeÂp it at room temperature away from sunlight and moistureÂ. Store where childreÂn and pets cannot access.Â
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