Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Pretomanid, Pretomanid Fgk
Synonyms :
pretomanid
Class :
Antitubercular Agents
Brand Name :
Pretomanid, Pretomanid Fgk
Synonyms :
pretomanid
Class :
Antitubercular Agents
Dosage Forms & Strengths Â
Tablet Â
200mg Â
The combination regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid iIndicated for pulmonary extensively drug resistant (XDR) or unresponsive MDR TB:
Pretomanid: 200 mg orally daily for 26 weeks
Bedaquiline: 400 mg orally daily for 2 weeks, following 200 mg 3 times a week for 24 weeks (a total of 2+24 weeks=26 weeks)
Linezolid 1200 mg orally daily for 26 weeks, if required adjust the dose
Safety and efficacy not establishedÂ
Refer to adult dosingÂ
pretomanid and testolactone both increase the toxicity of each other when used simultaneously
It may enhance the toxicity when combined with vitamin D
pretomanid and methyltestosterone both increase the toxicity of each other when used simultaneously
pretomanid may enhance hepatotoxic effect, use alternate drug
CYP3A strong enhancers of the small intestine may reduce the bioavailability of pretomanid 
they both increase the toxicity of each other when used simultaneously
pretomanid and oxymetholone increase the toxicity of each other
pretomanid and danazol both increase the toxicity of each other when used simultaneously
pretomanid and fluoxymesterone both increase the toxicity of each other when used simultaneously
pretomanid and methyltestosterone both increase the toxicity of each other when used simultaneously
oxandrolone and pretomanid both increase the toxicity of each other
oxandrolone and pretomanid both increase the toxicity of each other
pretomanid and methyltestosterone both increase the toxicity of each other when used simultaneously
lansoprazole amoxicillin and clarithromycin
when amoxicillin combines with pretomanid it decreases the effects of action of drug and results in hepatotoxicity
amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
when amoxicillin combines with pretomanid it decreases the effects of action of drug and results in hepatotoxicity
omeprazole amoxicillin and clarithromycin
when both drugs are combined, there may be a decreased effect of the drug's action by antagonism effect
when both drugs are combined, there may be a decreased effect of the drug's action by antagonism effect
the toxicity of either of the drugs may be increased
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
may enhance the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may enhance the serum concentration of OAT1/3 Substrates
may enhance the serum concentration of P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 Substrates
it may diminish the metabolism when combined with diosmin
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Pretomanid (formerly known as PA-824) is a compound that is being developed as an oral antitubercular agent. It is an antimycobacterial agent that belongs to the nitroimidazole class of compounds. Pretomanid is being developed as a potential treatment for tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can affect the lungs and other parts of the body.Â
Pretomanid has a broad spectrum of activity against M. tuberculosis, including drug-resistant strains. It is active against both replicating and non-replicating bacteria, and it has the ability to penetrate into cells and tissues where the bacteria are located. In clinical trials, pretomanid has been shown to be effective in the treatment of TB when used in combination with other antitubercular agents.Â
Pretomanid is currently being investigated as part of a three-drug regimen for the treatment of TB called BPaL (bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid). This regimen is being studied for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), which are difficult to treat due to the resistance of the bacteria to multiple drugs.Â
Â
Frequency Defined Â
>10% Â
Headache (28%) Â
Peripheral neuropathy (81%) Â
Anemia (37%) Â
Acne (39%) Â
Vomiting (34%) Â
Nausea (37%) Â
Transaminases increased (28%) Â
Abdominal pain (19%) Â
Musculoskeletal pain (29%) Â
Decreased appetite (22%) Â
Dyspepsia (24%) Â
Pruritus (20%) Â
Rash (21%) Â
Visual impairment (12%) Â
GGT increased (17%) Â
Pleuritic pain (19%) Â
Hyperamylasemia (14%) Â
Hemoptysis (13%) Â
Hypoglycemia (11%) Â
Cough (12%) Â
1-10% Â
Diarrhea (10%) Â
Abnormal weight loss (10%) Â
Constipation (8%) Â
Contraindication:
pretomanid is contraindicated in patients for whom bedaquiline and/or linezolid are contraindicated. This means that it should not be used in patients who have a known hypersensitivity or intolerance to these medications or in patients with certain medical conditions that make it unsafe to use these medications. Â
Caution: Â
It is also important to be aware of the potential adverse reactions and side effects associated with the use of pretomanid. As you mentioned, hepatic adverse reactions, including abnormal liver function tests, have been reported with the combination of pretomanid, bedaquiline, and linezolid. If these reactions occur, treatment with the combination may need to be interrupted or stopped. It is also important to monitor liver function tests regularly during treatment. Â
Myelosuppression, or a decrease in the number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood, has also been reported with the combination of these medications. If myelosuppression occurs, the dosage of linezolid may need to be decreased or treatment with linezolid may need to be interrupted. Â
Peripheral and optic neuropathy, or damage to the nerves in the arms, legs, or eyes, has also been reported with the combination of these medications. If this occurs, treatment with linezolid may need to be interrupted. Â
QT prolongation, or a lengthening of the time it takes for the heart to contract and relax, has been reported with the combination of these medications. If QT prolongation occurs or if a patient experiences syncope (fainting), it is important to obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG) to check for QT prolongation and to discontinue the combination if necessary. Â
It is also important to be aware that pretomanid has been shown to cause testicular atrophy and impaired fertility in male rats, though the effects on human male fertility have not been fully evaluated. Â
Finally, lactic acidosis, a condition in which there is an excess of lactic acid in the body, has been reported with the combination of these medications. If recurrent nausea or vomiting occurs, it is important to immediately evaluate the patient, including checking bicarbonate and lactic acid levels, and to consider interrupting linezolid dosing or the entire combination if necessary. Â
It is important to discuss all potential risks and benefits of treatment with pretomanid with your healthcare provider before starting treatment. Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
US FDA pregnancy category: Not assigned.Â
Lactation:  Â
Excreted into human milk is unknown Â
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.   Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    Â
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this categoryÂ
Pharmacology:
pretomanid is a medication used to treat tuberculosis (TB). It is a member of the nitroimidazole class of antibiotics and works by inhibiting the production of DNA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes TB. pretomanid is typically used in combination with other TB medications as part of a treatment regimen called the BPaL regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid). Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
pretomanid is an antimycobacterial drug that is used to treat tuberculosis (TB). It belongs to a class of drugs called nitroimidazooxazines, which work by inhibiting the production of mycolic acid, a component of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the bacterium that causes TB. This leads to the death of actively replicating M. tuberculosis.  Â
pretomanid can also act as a respiratory poison against nonreplicating bacteria under anaerobic conditions, which occurs when oxygen is not present. This process is dependent on the release of nitric oxide and the action of an enzyme called deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn), which is dependent on the reduced form of cofactor F420. Â
Pharmacokinetics: Â
Absorption Â
pretomanid is absorbed into the body after oral administration, with steady-state concentrations reached in about 4-6 days.  Â
Distribution  Â
The peak plasma concentration and time vary depending on whether the medication is taken on an empty stomach or with food.  Â
Metabolism Â
pretomanid is metabolized by multiple reductive and oxidative pathways, with no single pathway considered as major. The enzyme CYP3A4 is responsible for approximately 20% of the metabolism of pretomanid in vitro.  Â
Elimination and excretion Â
pretomanid is eliminated from the body with a half-life of approximately 16 hours, and it is excreted primarily as metabolites in the urine (53%) and feces (38%). Â
It is important to follow the recommended dosing and administration instructions for pretomanid, bedaquiline, and linezolid, as they are intended to be used together as part of a specific regimen. It is also important to emphasize the need for compliance with the full course of therapy to patients and to administer the combination regimen through directly observed therapy. Â
If any of the medications in the combination regimen are discontinued, it is important to follow the specific guidelines for discontinuation. Pretomanid, bedaquiline, and linezolid should be stored at room temperature, below 86°F (30°C). If a dose of the combination regimen is missed for safety reasons, it can be made up at the end of treatment. Â
If a dose of linezolid is missed due to adverse reactions, it should not be made up. It is important to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider and the medication label. If you have any questions or concerns about the use of these medications, you should consult with your healthcare provider.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: pretomanid  Â
Why do we use pretomanid?Â
pretomanid is a drug that is used to treat tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection that can cause serious illness or death. It is usually used in combination with other TB medications.Â
pretomanid is a type of drug called a nitroimidazole, which works by inhibiting the growth of TB bacteria. It is specifically indicated for the treatment of a type of TB called extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), which is resistant to many of the commonly used TB drugs. It is also used to treat TB in people who have HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, as well as in people who have TB that is resistant to treatment with other medications.Â
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