Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Naropin
Synonyms :
ropivacaine
Class :
Local Anaesthetics, Parenteral, Amides
Brand Name :
Naropin
Synonyms :
ropivacaine
Class :
Local Anaesthetics, Parenteral, Amides
Dosage Forms & Strengths  Â
Injectable (solution)Â
2mg/mlÂ
5mg/mlÂ
7.5mg/mlÂ
10mg/mlÂ
Dosage Forms & Strengths  Â
Injectable (solution)Â
2mg/mlÂ
5mg/mlÂ
7.5mg/mlÂ
10mg/mlÂ
Refer to adult dosingÂ
may increase the risk or severity of hypertension when combined
may increase the risk or severity of methemoglobinemia when miltefosine is combined
they increase the efficacy of hypotension-associated agents
it reduces the efficacy of blood pressure-lowering agents
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with hypotension-associated agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with hypotension-associated agents
ropivacaine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
ropivacaine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
ropivacaine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
ropivacaine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
ropivacaine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
When cyclacillin is used together with ropivacaine, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
may increase the hypotensive effect of hypotensive agents
buserelin in combination with ropivacaine increases the risk of methemoglobinemia
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
hypotensive agents increase the efficacy of duloxetine
it increases the efficacy of hypotensive agents
it increases the efficacy of hypotensive agents
hypotensive agents increase the blood pressure-lowering effect of nitroprusside
it increases the efficacy of hypotensive agents
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazideÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may decrease ropivacaine elimination, raising serum levels
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with hypotensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with hypotensive agents
blood viscosity-reducing agents: they may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with hypotension-associated agents
blood viscosity-reducing agents: they may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with hypotension-associated agents
may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
it increases the effect of BP-lowering agents
it decreases the effect of hypotension of blood pressure lowering agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood pressure lowering agents
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood pressure lowering agents
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood lowering agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of amifostine
it increases the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with other hypotensive agents
combining brexucabtagene autoleucel with ropivacaine may elevate the risk or severity of methemoglobinemia
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia can be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
when combined with ropivacaine, metabolism of bufylline may be reduced
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood lowering agents
Actions and Spectrum:Â
By attaching to and blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels in the membranes of nerve cells, ropivacaine blocks the conduction of nerve impulses. As a result, the afflicted region temporarily loses its ability to feel and use its muscles.Â
Both regional and local anaesthesia can be achieved with ropivacaine, which has a wide range of action. It is very helpful for nerve blocks, spinal anaesthesia, and epidural anaesthesia. In general, ropivacaine has a longer half-life of action than other local anaesthetics like lidocaine and bupivacaine.
Frequency not defined Â
Nausea Â
MiosisÂ
Confusion, dizzinessÂ
Tremors, twitchingÂ
Respiratory arrest Â
Manifested restlessness Â
Tremors, drowsinessÂ
Shivering, seizures Â
CNS depressionÂ
Status asthmaticusÂ
Anaphylactoid reactions Â
Anxiety, apprehension Â
Chills, headache  Â
Cardiac arrhythmias Â
Oedema, hypotension Â
Cardiovascular collapse Â
VomitingÂ
Bradycardia, myocardial depressionÂ
Unconsciousness, tinnitusÂ
Restlessness, NervousnessÂ
DisorientationÂ
Blurred visionÂ
Palpitation, tachycardiaÂ
Anginal painÂ
Black Box WarningÂ
All local anaesthetics, including ropivacaine, have a black box warning from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) about the possibility of major adverse events such cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, convulsions, and neurological consequences like nerve damage and paralysis.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindication:Â
Caution:Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: N/AÂ
Lactation: Excretion into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
PharmacologyÂ
A long-lasting local anesthetic, ropivacaine, blocks the inflow of sodium ions through the nerve fiber cell membrane. A reversible loss of sensation and motor function results from this inhibition, which stops the formation and propagation of action potentials.  Â
PharmacodynamicsÂ
The long-acting local anaesthetic ropivacaine blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in the membranes of nerve cells, preventing the formation and spread of action potentials. Â
The dose and method of administration of ropivacaine affect when it starts to work.Â
PharmacokineticsÂ
Absorption  Â
Numerous delivery methods, including epidural, intrathecal, and peripheral nerve blocks, are available for ropivacaine.Â
The method of administration affects how quickly ropivacaine is absorbed. While peripheral nerve blocks cause slower, more variable absorption, epidural and intrathecal injection causes fast absorption.Â
After being administered via epidural, ropivacaine has a bioavailability of around 95%, although alternative routes of administration may have a lower bioavailability.Â
DistributionÂ
ropivacaine’s ability to bind to proteins is relatively strong (94 to 98%), which limits the distribution of the drug to certain tissues and organs.Â
The CNS, heart, liver, and lungs are just a few of the organs throughout the body where ropivacaine is found.Â
Blood-brain barrier permeability allows ropivacaine to exert CNS effects including drowsiness and vertigo.Â
MetabolismÂ
In the liver, cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, significantly metabolize ropivacaine.Â
The inactive metabolite 3-hydroxyropivacaine is produced during the metabolism of ropivacaine and is eliminated in the urine.Â
Elimination and excretionÂ
ropivacaine has an elimination half-life of 1.5 to 2.5 hours. Less than 10% of ropivacaine is excreted intact and most of it and its metabolites are eliminated in the urine.Â
Administration: Â
Numerous delivery methods, including epidural, intrathecal, and peripheral nerve blocks, are available for ropivacaine. The method of administration is determined by the location and nature of the operation.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: ropivacaineÂ
Why do we use ropivacaine?Â
ropivacaine is a local anaesthetic drug used to deliver anaesthesia and analgesia during a range of medical operations. Â
For pain treatment during surgery or other medical operations, ropivacaine can be used for peripheral nerve blocks, epidural, and spinal anaesthesia.Â
ropivacaine is a local anaesthetic that can be used to treat both acute and chronic pain, including cancer pain, neuropathic pain, and postoperative pain.Â
During labour and delivery, ropivacaine can be administered as an epidural or spinal anaesthetic to relieve discomfort without impairing the mother’s capacity to push.Â
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