- March 15, 2022
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Brand Name :
Ultane
Synonyms :
sevoflurane
Class :
General Anesthetics, Inhalation
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Liquid
100%
12 to 25 years
1.4% with 65% N2O/35% oxygen or 2.6% in oxygen
25 to 40 years
1.1% with 65% N2O/35% oxygen or 2.1% in oxygen
40 to 60 years
0.9% with 65% N2O/35% oxygen or 1.7% in oxygen
60 to 80 years
0.9% with 65% N2O/35% oxygen or 1.7% in oxygen
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Liquid
100%
0 to 1-month full-term neonate
3.3% in oxygen
1 to 6 months
3% in oxygen
Six months to <3 years
2% with 65% N2O/35% oxygen or 2.8% in oxygen
3 to 12 years
2% in oxygen or 2% in a mixture of 65% N2O and 3% oxygen
12 to 25 years
1.4% with 65% N2O/35% oxygen or 2.6% in oxygen
Refer adult dosing
may increase the hypotensive effect of A Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the arrhythmogenic effect of Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may diminish the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypertensive effect of Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
QTc interval increases on taking sevoflurane and lenvatinib together. Avoid or take an alternate drug
both lapatinib and sevoflurane increase the QTc interval
sevoflurane and gilteritinib, when used in combination, increase the QTc interval
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Hypotension-Associated Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Hypotension-Associated Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Hypotension-Associated Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Hypotension-Associated Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Hypotension-Associated Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Inhalational Anaesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of Inhalational Anaesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of Inhalational Anaesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of Inhalational Anaesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of Inhalational Anaesthetics
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the adverse effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the adverse effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the adverse effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the adverse effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the adverse effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
It may enhance the metabolism when combined with dexamethasone
Actions and Spectrum:
The exact mechanism of action of sevoflurane is not fully understood, but it is thought to act on several different neurotransmitter systems in the brain. It increases the activity of inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA, which reduces neuronal excitability and helps produce the drug’s sedative and anxiolytic effects.
sevoflurane is also known to have some effects on the glutamate neurotransmitter system, which plays a role in learning, memory, and other cognitive functions. It can reduce the release of glutamate, which may contribute to its anesthetic effects.
sevoflurane has a broad spectrum of activity, making it useful for a wide range of surgical procedures. It has a rapid onset of action, with patients typically losing consciousness within minutes of administration. It can be used for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia, and it has a relatively rapid recovery time compared to other anesthetics. sevoflurane is also helpful for its ability to provide muscle relaxation, which is essential for many types of surgery.
Frequency not defined
Dose-dependent hypotension
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Cough
Increased salivation
Laryngospasm
Increased BUN
Respiratory irritation
Glycosuria
Malignant hyperthermia
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Nausea/vomiting
Agitation
Airway obstruction
Apnea
Increased ALT
Nephrotoxicity
Proteinuria
Post-marketing reports
Cardiac arrest
Malignant hyperthermia
Transient elevations in glucose
Down syndrome in patients with Bradycardia
Post-operative hepatic dysfunction
Allergic reactions
Contraindications/caution:
Contraindications:
Caution:
Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data available
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is known
Pregnancy category:
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
sevoflurane is an inhalation anesthetic widely used for inducing and maintaining general anesthesia. Its pharmacology is characterized by its rapid onset and offset of action, which allows for quick induction and emergence from anesthesia.
sevoflurane is a halogenated ether that is highly lipophilic, allowing it to cross the blood-brain barrier and induce anesthesia rapidly. Its mechanism of action is believed to involve enhancing the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, which leads to the inhibition of neuronal activity and a reduction in consciousness.
sevoflurane has a low solubility in blood and tissues, which allows for rapid induction of anesthesia and rapid emergence from anesthesia once the administration is stopped. This property makes it an attractive anesthetic agent for procedures of short duration.
Pharmacodynamics:
The pharmacodynamics of sevoflurane is influenced by various factors, including age, weight, and medical history of the patient, as well as the duration and depth of anesthesia. Careful titration of the drug is necessary to ensure optimal dosing and minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Overall, sevoflurane produces its anesthetic effects primarily by enhancing the activity of the GABA receptor and other neurotransmitter systems. It also affects cardiovascular function, which can contribute to its overall pharmacological profile.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic, typically administered via inhalation through a mask or an endotracheal tube. sevoflurane has a low blood-gas partition coefficient, allowing for rapid anaesthesia onset following inhalation.
Distribution
sevoflurane has high lipid solubility and low water solubility, which allows it to diffuse rapidly across the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain, where it produces its anesthetic effects. sevoflurane is also distributed to other tissues in the body, including adipose tissue, muscle, and liver.
Metabolism
sevoflurane undergoes oxidative metabolism in the liver, primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The significant metabolites of sevoflurane are hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde, which are further metabolized and excreted in the urine.
Elimination and Excretion
sevoflurane is eliminated primarily through exhalation, with a small fraction being metabolized and excreted in the urine. The elimination half-life of sevoflurane is relatively short, ranging from 2 to 5 minutes, which allows for rapid recovery from anesthesia following discontinuation of the drug.
Administration:
sevoflurane is typically administered by inhalation through a mask or an endotracheal tube. The drug is usually delivered in a mixture of oxygen and sometimes nitrous oxide to achieve the desired level of anesthesia.
Sevoflurane concentration is typically titrated to achieve the desired level of anesthesia, which is determined by monitoring the patient’s vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.
sevoflurane can be administered using various anesthesia delivery systems, including vaporizers, which allow for precise control of the drug concentration delivered to the patient.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: sevoflurane
