chlormethiazole

medtigo

chlormethiazole

Brand Name :

Heminevrin

Synonyms :

chlormethiazole/ clomethiazole

Class :

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum:

GABA Enhancement: chlormethiazole facilitates the binding of GABA to its receptors in the brain, which increases the frequency of chloride channel opening. This results in an influx of chloride ions into the neurons, leading to hyperpolarization and decreased excitability. Consequently, it dampens the transmission of signals between nerve cells, producing sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic effects.
chlormethiazole has a broad spectrum of activity, mainly affecting the central nervous system. Its primary clinical use was for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms and related conditions. It may help alleviate symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, tremors, and delirium tremens associated with alcohol withdrawal.

Dosing & Uses

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined

Headache

Excitement

Confusion

Respiratory depression

Nasal congestion

Black Box Warning

Black box warning:

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindications/caution:

Contraindications:

Allergy or hypersensitivity: Individuals with known hypersensitivity or allergy to chlormethiazole or its components should not use this medication, as it may lead to severe allergic reactions.
Respiratory depression: chlormethiazole can cause respiratory depression, a decrease in breathing rate and depth. It should be avoided or used with extreme caution in individuals with severe respiratory insufficiency or respiratory depression.
Severe liver disease: chlormethiazole is primarily metabolized by the liver. Patients with severe liver impairment should avoid this medication due to the potential for increased drug accumulation and adverse effects.
Acute porphyria: chlormethiazole may exacerbate acute porphyria, a group of rare genetic disorders affecting heme production. It is contraindicated in individuals with a history of acute porphyria.
Central nervous system depression: chlormethiazole has sedative effects and can lead to central nervous system (CNS) depression. It should be used cautiously or avoided in individuals with pre-existing CNS depression or coma.
Concurrent use with alcohol or other CNS depressants: Combining chlormethiazole with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids) can lead to excessive CNS depression and respiratory suppression. Concurrent use should be avoided.
Elderly patients: Elderly individuals may be more sensitive to the sedative effects of chlormethiazole, which can increase the risk of falls and other adverse events. Dosing adjustments and careful monitoring are necessary for this population.
Cardiovascular issues: chlormethiazole may cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate. It should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular conditions.

Caution:

Respiratory depression: chlormethiazole can cause respiratory depression, mainly when used in high doses or in combination with other central nervous system depressants like alcohol or opioids.
Central nervous system depression: chlormethiazole is a sedative that can cause central nervous system depression. It may impair cognitive and motor functions, reducing alertness and coordination.
Elderly patients: Elderly individuals may be more sensitive to the sedative effects of chlormethiazole, increasing the risk of falls and other adverse events. Lower doses or careful titration may be necessary in this population.

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration: chlormethiazole is generally not recommended during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, as it may adversely affect the developing fetus.

Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is known should be avoided during breastfeeding.

Pregnancy category:

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology:

Sedation and Hypnosis: chlormethiazole produces sedative and hypnotic effects by enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission in the brain, leading to a calming and sleep-inducing effect.
Anxiolysis: It reduces anxiety and agitation through its GABAergic actions.
Anticonvulsant: chlormethiazole has anticonvulsant properties, particularly useful in managing alcohol withdrawal seizures.

Pharmacodynamics:

The pharmacodynamics of chlormethiazole play a crucial role in its therapeutic effects, making it a useful medication for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption

chlormethiazole is available in various forms, including oral and intravenous formulations. When taken orally, it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Distribution

The drug distributes throughout the body and crosses the blood-brain barrier, exerting its effects in the CNS.

Metabolism

chlormethiazole undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, primarily via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, with CYP2A6 being the major enzyme involved in its metabolism.

Elimination and Excretion

The drug and its metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine, exhaling a small portion through the lungs.

Adminstartion

Administration:

Oral administration

chlormethiazole is available in oral formulations, such as tablets or capsules. When taken orally, the medication is usually swallowed with water.

Intravenous (IV) Administration

In some cases, chlormethiazole may be administered intravenously, particularly when a rapid onset of action is required. IV administration is usually done in a hospital setting under close medical supervision.

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet

Generic Name: chlormethiazole

Why do we use chlormethiazole?

chlormethiazole is a sedative-hypnotic medication that is primarily used for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It is most prescribed to individuals with alcohol use disorder who are undergoing alcohol detoxification. The main uses of chlormethiazole:

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: chlormethiazole is used to alleviate the symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal. When individuals who have been chronically consuming alcohol suddenly stop or reduce their alcohol intake, they can experience a range of withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, agitation, tremors, seizures, and hallucinations. chlormethiazole’s sedative and anxiolytic properties help to mitigate these symptoms, making the withdrawal process safer and more tolerable.

chlormethiazole

No data available for drug.

DRUG INTERACTION

chlormethiazole

&

chlormethiazole +

Contraindicated

Serious Use Alternative

Monitor Closely

Minor

chlormethiazole

No data available for drug.

DRUG INTERACTION

chlormethiazole

&

chlormethiazole +

Contraindicated

Serious Use Alternative

Monitor Closely

Minor

medtigo

chlormethiazole

Brand Name :

Synonyms :

Class :

Action and Spectrum

Dosing & Uses

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Black Box Warning

Contraindication / Caution

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pharmacology

Adminstartion

Patient Information Leaflet

CONTACT INFORMATION

ADDRESS

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