Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Qelbree
Synonyms :
viloxazine
Class :
ADHD Agents, Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Brand Name :
Qelbree
Synonyms :
viloxazine
Class :
ADHD Agents, Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Extended release (capsule)Â
150 mgÂ
100 mgÂ
200 mgÂ
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)Â
Starting dose: 200 mg orally once a day
After one week, the dosage may be increased by 200 mg per week. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 600 mg/day, depending on the patient's response and ability to tolerate the medication
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment
Mild-to-moderate: No need to modify the dosage
Severe: Commence with 100 mg per day and can be raised by 50 to 100 mg/day every week also should not go beyond 200 mg/day
Hepatic impairment
Dose modification not suggested
Dosing Considerations
Before starting
Assess for any personal or familial history of bipolar disorder, depression, or suicidal tendencies
During therapy
Be aware of any clinical deterioration and the emergence of suicidal ideation or actions: This is particularly important during the early stages of treatment and after any alterations to the dosage
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Extended release (capsule)Â
150 mgÂ
100 mgÂ
200 mgÂ
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)Â
For <6 years: Safety and efficacy not determined
For 6 to 11 years
Starting dosage: 100 mg orally once a day
The dosage may be raised by 100 mg every week but should not exceed 400 mg/day
This is subject to the individual's response to the medication and their ability to tolerate it
For 12 to 17 years
Starting dose: 200 mg taken orally once a day
After a week, the dosage may be raised by 200 mg per week, up to a maximum of 400 mg/day, based on the individual's response and ability to tolerate the medication
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment
Mild-to-moderate: No need to modify the dosage
Severe: Commence with 100 mg per day and can be raised by 50 to 100 mg/day every week also should not go beyond 200 mg/day
Hepatic impairment
Dose modification not suggested
Dosing Considerations
Before starting
Assess for any personal or familial history of bipolar disorder, depression or suicidal tendencies
During therapy
Be aware of any clinical deterioration and the emergence of suicidal ideation or actions: This is particularly important during the early stages of treatment and after any alterations to the dosage
Refer to adult dosingÂ
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
dexchlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, and phenylephrine
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
chlormethiazole: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS stimulants
dexmedetomidine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS stimulants
lemborexant: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of CNS stimulants
suvorexant: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
zolpidem: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
viloxazine: they may enhance the hypertensive effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
viloxazine: they may enhance the hypertensive effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
viloxazine: they may enhance the hypertensive effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
viloxazine: they may enhance the hypertensive effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
viloxazine: they may enhance the hypertensive effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
viloxazine: they may enhance the serum concentration of theophylline derivatives
it increases the toxicity of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors increase arrhythmia, causing the effect of dronedarone
it increases the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the toxicity of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors increase arrhythmia, causing the effect of dronedarone
it increases the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the toxicity of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
may increase the toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
olopatadine: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of CNS stimulants
flunarizine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
kratom: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
it increases the concentration of products containing roflumilast in the serum
viloxazine may lower the excretion rate of n-acetyl tyrosine, potentially leading to higher serum levels
viloxazine may lower the excretion rate of sulbactam, potentially leading to higher serum levels
carbaspirin calcium may reduce the excretion rate of viloxazine, potentially resulting in a higher serum level
it increases the concentration of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the toxicity of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors decrease the effect of guanethidine
it increases the concentration of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the toxicity of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors decrease the effect of guanethidine
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
it increases the effect of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
it increases the effect of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Actions and SpectrumÂ
Although the precise mechanism of action of viloxazine is unknown, it is thought to function by altering the levels of several neurotransmitters in the brain, including norepinephrine and dopamine. It possesses some mild dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) activity in addition to acting as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI).
viloxazine enhances the availability of these neurotransmitters in the brain by preventing their reuptake, which can help regulate mood and lessen the symptoms of ADHD and depression. Research on and usage of viloxazine have mostly focused on its antidepressant properties, particularly in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).Â
Frequency defined Â
AdultsÂ
Insomnia (23%)Â
Fatigue (12%)Â
Headache (17%)Â
Nausea (12%)Â
>10%Â
Children aged 6 to 17 yearsÂ
Headache (10-11%)Â
Somnolence (12-19%)Â
1-10%Â
AdultsÂ
Dry mouth (10%)Â
Somnolence (6%)Â
Tachycardia (4%)Â
Constipation (6%)Â
Dizziness (4%)Â
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (2%)Â
Irritability (4%)Â
Decreased appetite (10%)Â
Vomiting (4%)Â
Children aged 6 to 17 yearsÂ
Vomiting (3-6%)Â
Insomnia (2-5%)Â
Upper respiratory tract infections (5-8%)Â
Decreased appetite (5-8%)Â
Irritability (2-5%)Â
Pyrexia (1-3%)Â
Nausea (1-7%)Â
Abdominal pain (3-7%)Â
Fatigue (4-9%)Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindication:Â
Caution:Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: N/AÂ
Lactation: Excretion into human milk is unknown Â
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this categoryÂ
PharmacologyÂ
A selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) with marginal dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) efficacy is viloxazine. Â
It inhibits norepinephrine and, to a lesser extent, dopamine reuptake in the brain, which is how it works. viloxazine improves neurotransmission by increasing the availability of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft by reducing their reuptake.Â
PharmacodynamicsÂ
viloxazine is thought to impede norepinephrine reuptake in order to have its antidepressant effects. viloxazine improves neurotransmission in specific brain circuits involved in mood regulation by raising the concentration of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft.Â
This rise in norepinephrine availability is expected to have positive effects on mood, anxiety levels, and overall emotional health.Â
PharmacokineticsÂ
Absorption  Â
viloxazine is efficiently absorbed when taken orally. Peak plasma concentrations are often attained 2 to 4 hours after administration due to its quick absorption from the digestive system. viloxazine is stated to have an absolute bioavailability of 85%, showing significant systemic availability following oral administration.Â
DistributionÂ
60% to 70% of the drug in viloxazine is bound to plasma proteins, which is a moderate plasma protein binding. viloxazine has a moderate volume of distribution, which means that it disperses uniformly throughout the body.Â
MetabolismÂ
viloxazine goes through a significant amount of liver metabolism, mostly through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system. viloxazine’s two main metabolites are 4-hydroxyviloxazine and 5-acetyloxyviloxazine. Â
Elimination and excretionÂ
viloxazine has an approximately 6 to 24 hour elimination half-life, depending on the individual. viloxazine is removed from the body through urine, with 50% to 70% of the dose appearing there as metabolites. The leftovers are excreted in the feces.Â
Administration: Â
Tablets or capsules containing viloxazine are normally taken orally.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: viloxazineÂ
Why do we use viloxazine?Â
The two conditions major depressive disorder (depression) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been the main targets of viloxazine treatment.Â
Neurotransmitters including norepinephrine and dopamine, which are involved in mood regulation, are modulated by viloxazine.Â
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