Evaluating Blue Zones Demography in Response to Recent Critiques
January 6, 2026
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Brand Name :
Gliadel Wafer
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
Carmustine
Class :
Class: Antineoplastic agents and Subclass: Nitrosoureas
Brand Name :
Gliadel Wafer
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
Carmustine
Class :
Class: Antineoplastic agents and Subclass: Nitrosoureas
Dosage Forms & Strengths:
powder for injection
100mg
Wafer, Implant
7.7mg
150 - 200
mg
Intravenous (IV)
as a single dose for at least six weeks
Or divided into daily injections as a dose of 75-100 mg/m2 given IV for every two days
150 - 200
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
as a single dose for at least six weeks
Or divided into daily injections as a dose of 75-100 mg/m2 given IV for every two days
150 - 200
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
as a single dose for at least six weeks
Or divided into daily injections as a dose of 75-100 mg/m2 given IV for every two days
10
mg
Topical
once daily for 7–14 weeks and maximum continue up to 17 weeks, after six weeks, if there is an inadequate response, then the second course of topical therapy is administered with a dose of 20 mg once daily for 4 to 8 weeks until it is tolerable
7.7 mg 8 wafers i.e., 61.6 mg of total dose implanted intracranially
7.7 mg 8 wafers i.e., 61.6 mg of total dose implanted intracranially
may diminish the serum concentration of primidone
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of infection increases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
when both the drugs are combined, it may increase the myelosuppressive activities of carmustine
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of neutropenia increases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of deferiprone and result in an increased serum level
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine reduces the effects of the vaccine by immunosuppressive effects and leads to the risk of infection
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine increases the immunosuppressive effects of fingolimod
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
influenza virus vaccine h n live
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine decreases the effects of vaccine live by antagonism
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of the measles virus vaccine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of the mumps virus vaccine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of the rotavirus vaccine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of infection increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of the smallpox vaccine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the serum concentration of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine increases the immunosuppressive effects of tofacitinib
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of the typhoid vaccine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of infection increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of infection increases
varicella zoster vaccine (recombinant)
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant) decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of infection increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of the cholera vaccine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of digoxin and increases the serum level
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine increases the myelosuppressive effects of filgrastim
when carmustine combines with floxuridine, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the serum concentration of fosphenytoin decreases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of ganciclovir and increases the serum level
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of pulmonary toxicity increases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of mephenytoin decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of naltrexone and increases the serum level
when both the drugs are combined, ocrelizumab increases the immunosuppressive effects of carmustine
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of palifermin decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine increases the effects of myelosuppression of lipegfilgrastim
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
when both the drugs are combined, the serum concentration of phenytoin decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine increases
when both the drugs are combined, roflumilast may increase the immunosuppressive effects of carmustine
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of sipuleucel-t decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the therapeutic efficacy of tetanus toxoid decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of valganciclovir and increases the serum level
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
when both the drugs are combined, the risk or severity of adverse effects increases
may enhance the risk or severity of adverse effects when combined with clobetasol propionate
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with alkalinizing agents
it may diminish the excretion rate when combined with permethrin, resulting in an enhanced serum level
it may diminish the metabolism when combined with azelastine
when bromazepam and carmustine are used together, there is a potential reduction in the bromazepam's metabolism
carmustine has the potential to reduce the rate of excretion of idebenone, leading to an elevation in levels of serum
Combining tegafur with carmustine can reduce tegafur’s metabolism
When domeperidone and carmustine is used together, this leads to reduction in the domeperidone’s metabolism
When mometasone furoate is used together with carmustine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse outcomes
When carmustine is used together with somatotropin, this leads to a rise in carmustine’s metabolism
When carmustine is used together with andrographolide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of bleeding
carmustine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of eucalyptus oil which leads to increased level of serum
cefpirome leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of carmustine which leads to increased level of serum
carmustine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of chromous sulfate, which leads to an increased level of serum
carmustine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
carmustine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium acetate, which leads to an increased level of serum
carmustine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium perchlorate, which leads to an increased level of serum
carmustine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of nitric oxide, which leads to an increased level of serum
carmustine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carmustine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carmustine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carmustine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carmustine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carmustine may decrease the excretion rate of almasilate, leading to higher serum levels
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased risk or severity of adverse effects
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased risk or severity of adverse effects
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased risk or severity of adverse effects
it may increase the level of serum concentration of memantine
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with alkalinizing agents
It may diminish the excretion when combined with alkalinizing agents
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with alkalinizing agents
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with alkalinizing agents
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with alkalinizing agents
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with alkalinizing agents
melphalan flufenamide: they may increase the toxic effect of carmustine
the excretory rate of carmustine may be reduced when taken with mofebutazone, resulting in increased serum levels of carmustine
the rate of excretion of aurothioglucose may be reduced with carmustine
the rate of excretion of carmustine may be reduced
when combined with carmustine, metabolism of bufylline may be reduced
carmustine might lead to a reduction in the rate of excretion of telavancin, potentially leading to elevated levels of serum
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of levofloxacin and increases the serum level
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of levofloxacin and increases the serum levels
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of lomefloxacin decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of ofloxacin and increases the serum levels
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of penbutolol and increases the serum levels
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of sparfloxacin and increases the serum levels
Action and spectrum:
Carmustine works by adding alkyl groups to cancer cells DNA by inhibiting DNA replication and RNA transcription leading to cell death. Carmustine is not phase-specific that acting on cancer cells at any stage of the cell cycle.
Adverse drug reactions:
Frequency defined:
>10%
Seizure
cerebral edema
Depression
Skin rash
Nausea
vomiting
constipation
Urinary tract infection
Weakness
Wound healing impairment
1% to 10%
Chest pain
Intracranial hypertension
Cerebral hemorrhage
Meningitis
Abdominal pain
Abscess
Back pain
Frequency not defined:
Occlusive arterial disease
Burning sensation of skin
Hyperpigmentation
Gynecomastia
Acute leukemia, anemia
Bone marrow dysplasia
Leukemia
leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Blackbox warning:
Bleeding risk
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindications
Cautions
Pregnancy warnings:
Breastfeeding warnings:
Pregnancy Categories:
Pharmacology:
Carmustine also known as BCNU which treats various cancers like multiple myeloma, hodgkins, and non hodgkins lymphoma.
Absorption:
IV has rapid absorption when compared to oral.
Distribution:
It is rapidly distributed.
It is highly lipophilic, which crosses the blood-brain barrier effectively.
Metabolism:
Metabolized in liver and other tissues.
It undergoes spontaneous degradation.
Excretion:
The primary excreted through the kidneys with a significant portion through urine with half-life of 15 to 30 minutes
Administration:
Carmustine is a medicine given through an IV every six weeks by a doctor or nurse. They may give other medicines to help with side effects. Tell them right away if the injection hurts. After brain tumor surgery, a carmustine implant is often put in. Carmustine can make bleeding more likely, so report any heavy bleeding right away. You may also get infections more often, so regular checkups are needed. Blood tests happen weekly for at least six weeks. The dose might change based on test results.
Patient leaflet information:
Why do we use carmustine?
Carmustine treats brain tumors, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, and melanoma. It works by alkylating and cross-linking DNA strands leading to cell death. Carmustine can be given intravenously or as a wafer implant during surgery providing localized treatment to brain tumors.
Pronunciation: kar-MUS-teen
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