Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Karbinal ER, Histex PD, Pediox, Pediatex, Ryvent
Synonyms :
carbinoxamine
Class :
Antihistamines, Ethanolamine Derivatives
Brand Name :
Karbinal ER, Histex PD, Pediox, Pediatex, Ryvent
Synonyms :
carbinoxamine
Class :
Antihistamines, Ethanolamine Derivatives
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Oral SolutionÂ
4mg/5mlÂ
Extended-release Oral SuspensionÂ
4mg/5mlÂ
TabletÂ
4mgÂ
4-8mg orally every 6 to 8 hours. Do not exceed 24mg/day
Karbinal ER: 6-16mg orally every 12 hours
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Oral SolutionÂ
4mg/5mlÂ
Extended-release Oral SuspensionÂ
4mg/5mlÂ
TabletÂ
4mgÂ
<2 years: Contraindicated
2-6 years:0.2-0.4mg/kg/day orally divided every 6 to 8 hours or 1-2 mg orally divided every 6 to 8 hours
>6 years: 2-4 mg orally every 6 to 8 hours
Karbinal ER
<2 years: Contraindicated
2-3 years: 3-4 mg orally every 12 hours
4-5 years: 3-8 mg orally every 12 hours
6-11 years: 6-12 mg orally every 12 hours
≥12 years: 6-16 mg orally every 12 hours
Start at the low end of the dosing range (4–8 mg orally every 6–8 hours) and reduce the frequency as necessary
While treating allergic responses, nonanticholinergic antihistamines should be taken into consideration initially (Beers Criteria)
Due to the high prevalence of anticholinergic effects, avoid using in older people
Increased risk of disorientation, dry mouth, constipation, and other anticholinergic toxicity as one age, along with a reduction in clearance,
may make lower urinary problems already present worse or aggravate benign prostatic hyperplasia
may decrease the diagnostic effect of antihistamines
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the constipating effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
carbinoxamine: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
carbinoxamine: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
carbinoxamine: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
carbinoxamine: it may increase the risk of QTc prolongation agents
carbinoxamine: it may increase the risk of QTc prolongation agents
carbinoxamine: it may increase the risk of QTc prolongation agents
carbinoxamine: it may increase the risk of QTc prolongation agents
carbinoxamine: it may increase the risk of QTc prolongation agents
may increase the toxic effect of carbinoxamine
may increase the toxic effect of carbinoxamine
may increase the toxic effect of carbinoxamine
may increase the toxic effect of carbinoxamine
may increase the toxic effect of carbinoxamine
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the constipating effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antihistamines
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect of carbinoxamine
may decrease the therapeutic effect of carbinoxamine
may decrease the therapeutic effect of carbinoxamine
may decrease the therapeutic effect of carbinoxamine
may decrease the therapeutic effect of carbinoxamine
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect CNS depressants
may increase the toxic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect CNS depressants
It may enhance sedation when combined with a shepherd's purse
when ajmaline is used together with carbinoxamine, the risk or seriousness of QTc prolongation is enhanced
When carbinoxamine is used together with melitracen, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When ponesimod is used together with carbinoxamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of bradycardia
When carbinoxamine is used together with adenosine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of QTc prolongation
When carbinoxamine is used together with givinostat, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of Qtc prolongation
When emylcamate is used together with carbinoxamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When carbinoxamine is used together with etizolam, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When acepromazine is used together with carbinoxamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
may increase the effects of pharmacodynamic synergism
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Frequency not definedÂ
Muscular weaknessÂ
DizzinessÂ
LassitudeÂ
Disturbed coordinationÂ
Sedation ranging from mild drowsiness to deep sleepÂ
Muscular weaknessÂ
AnorexiaÂ
NauseaÂ
VomitingÂ
DiarrheaÂ
ConstipationÂ
Epigastric distressÂ
PancytopeniaÂ
Urinary retentionÂ
VertigoÂ
Blurred visionÂ
InsomniaÂ
DysuriaÂ
ImpotenceÂ
Visual disturbancesÂ
Diplopia; tinnitusÂ
Acute labyrinthitisÂ
NervousnessÂ
Facial dyskinesiaÂ
IrritabilityÂ
Tightness of the chestÂ
WheezingÂ
SweatingÂ
Toxic psychosisÂ
FaintnessÂ
AgranulocytosisÂ
LeukopeniaÂ
HeadacheÂ
ChillsÂ
Thickening of bronchial secretionsÂ
TremorsÂ
Nasal stuffinessÂ
Early mensesÂ
ParesthesiaÂ
Hemolytic anemiaÂ
ThrombocytopeniaÂ
Contraindications/caution:Â
Contraindications:Â
Caution:Â
Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data availableÂ
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.  Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this categoryÂ
Pharmacology:Â
carbinoxamine is an antihistamine medication primarily used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever, allergic rhinitis, and hives. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance released in response to an allergic reaction.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
carbinoxamine exerts its antihistaminic effects by competitively blocking H1 receptors in the body. It also possesses anticholinergic properties, which may contribute to its therapeutic effects. Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
carbinoxamine is well-absorbed after oral administration. The medication can also be administered intramuscularly or intravenously. Â
DistributionÂ
carbinoxamine is distributed throughout the body, including the central nervous system. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. Â
MetabolismÂ
carbinoxamine undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, where the cytochrome P450 enzyme system metabolizes it. The primary metabolite of carbinoxamine is desmethyl carbinoxamine. Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
carbinoxamine and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine and feces. The medication has a half-life of approximately 8-12 hours.Â
Administration:Â
Take it with water on an empty stomach Â
Oral SolutionÂ
StorageÂ
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: carbinoxamine Â
Pronounced: [ car-bi-NOX-a-meen ]Â
Why do we use carbinoxamine?Â
carbinoxamine is an antihistamine medication primarily used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever, allergic rhinitis, and hives. It works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance released in response to an allergic reaction. Â
Here are some of the specific uses of carbinoxamine:Â
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