Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Bydureon DSC, Bydureon BCise, Byetta 10 MCG pen
Synonyms :
exenatida, exenatide syntheticÂ
Class :
Antidiabetics, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists (Incretin mimetics)
Brand Name :
Bydureon DSC, Bydureon BCise, Byetta 10 MCG pen
Synonyms :
exenatida, exenatide syntheticÂ
Class :
Antidiabetics, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists (Incretin mimetics)
Dosage forms & StrengthsÂ
Injectable suspension Â
2 mg/0.85 mlÂ
Subcutaneous solutionÂ
10mcg/0.04 mlÂ
5mcg/0.02 mlÂ
2 mg subcutaneously every week
Start therapy-
If starting Bydureon BCise, discontinue Byetta in the patients already taking it
Discontinue immediate/extended-release exenatide product if any
Initiate the next regular dose when transiting from another extended-release exenatide product to Bydureon BCise
Patients may experience a change in blood glucose concentration within 2-4 weeks
Weekly administration can be changed if required until the last dose gets administered more than 3 days before a new day of administration
Dosage forms & StrengthsÂ
Injectable suspension (Autoinjector)Â
2 mg/0.85 mlÂ
Subcutaneous solutionÂ
10mcg/0.04 ml; 5mcg/0.02 mlÂ
Not safe and efficacious for children less than 10 years
For more than 10 years- 2mg subcutaneously every week
Start therapy-
If starting Bydureon BCise, discontinue Byetta in the patients already taking it
Discontinue immediate/extended-release exenatide product if any
Initiate the next regular dose when transiting from another extended-release exenatide product to Bydureon BCise
Weekly administration can be changed if required until the last dose gets administered more than 3 days before a new day of administration
Refer to the adult dosing and use cautiously the medicine in elderly patient.
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives
exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives
exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives
exenatide: they may diminish the therapeutic effect of hormonal contraceptives
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with meglitinides
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with meglitinides
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulin
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
When halometasone is used together with exenatide, this leads to elevated risk or seriousness of hyperglycemia
the efficacy of exenatide can be raised when used in combination with sulfametopyrazine
When exenatide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of exenatide
methylprednisolone hemisuccinateÂ
When methylprednisolone hemisuccinate is aided with exenatide, this leads to elevated hyperglycemia risk
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with glucagon and its analogs
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
hormonal contraceptives decrease the efficacy of exenatide
Actions and Spectrum:Â
exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of the hormone GLP-1 to lower blood glucose levels. It has the following actions and spectrum of effects:Â
Frequency Defined:Â
>10%Â
Injection site nodule Â
1-10%Â
Nausea Â
Diarrhea Â
DizzinessÂ
Headache Â
Vomiting Â
Injection site erythema Â
Injection site pruritus
Black Box Warning:Â
There is a risk of thyroid C-cell tumors due to liraglutide.Â
The drug is contraindicated in people who have history of MTC (medullary thyroid carcinoma).Â
And, in patients with multiple type 2 endocrine neoplasia syndrome.Â
MTC patients treated with liraglutide, should get their serum calcitonin monitored.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
exenatide is contraindicated in individuals who have a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to exenatide or to any of its components.Â
exenatide should be used with caution in individuals with a history of pancreatitis or a family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) as it may increase the risk of developing these conditions.Â
exenatide is not recommended for use in individuals with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.Â
exenatide should also be used with caution in individuals with severe gastrointestinal disease, including gastroparesis, as it can slow down gastric emptying and potentially worsen these conditions.Â
In addition, exenatide may interact with other medications, so it is important to inform healthcare providers of all medications and supplements being taken before starting treatment with exenatide.Â
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
It is not secure to administer exenatide during pregnancy.Â
Breastfeeding warnings:Â Â
No data is available about the excretion of exenatide in human breastmilk. Avoid using in lactating women.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Pharmacology:Â
exenatide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of GLP-1, a hormone produced in the intestines that stiÂ
mulates insulin secretion and lowers blood glucose levels.Â
exenatide is administered as a subcutaneous injection and has a half-life of approximately 2.4 hours. It stimulates insulin secretion in response to glucose, slows down gastric emptying, and suppresses glucagon secretion, all of which contribute to its blood glucose-lowering effects.Â
In addition to its effects on blood glucose levels, exenatide has been shown to promote weight loss, reduce blood pressure, and improve lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes.Â
exenatide is generally well-tolerated, although some people may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. In rare cases, it may cause pancreatitis or thyroid cancer.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
The pharmacodynamics of exenatide is mainly mediated through its action as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. exenatide binds to and activates GLP-1 receptors, which are located on pancreatic beta cells, leading to increased insulin secretion in response to glucose. exenatide also suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, which helps to further lower blood glucose levels.Â
In addition to its effects on pancreatic hormones, exenatide also slows down gastric emptying, which contributes to its blood glucose-lowering effects by delaying the absorption of glucose from food. This effect also contributes to its side effect of nausea, which is more common in the early stages of treatment.Â
exenatide has been shown to have other beneficial effects beyond glycemic control, including promoting weight loss, improving lipid profiles, and reducing blood pressure. These effects are thought to be mediated through its action on GLP-1 receptors in other tissues, including the brain and the gastrointestinal tract.Â
exenatide has a rapid onset of action, with peak effects observed within two hours of administration. Its effects on insulin secretion and gastric emptying persist for up to 10 hours after administration, which is why it is typically administered twice daily.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The peak plasma concentration at steady state is 208 pg/mLÂ
DistributionÂ
The volume of distribution is 28.3 LÂ
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The rate of renal clearance is 9.1 L/hrÂ
The drug is predominantly excreted in urineÂ
Administration:Â
exenatide is administered by subcutaneous injection, which means it is injected under the skin. It comes as a pre-filled pen or a vial with a separate needle.Â
The recommended dose of exenatide is typically 5 mcg injected twice daily, 60 minutes before the morning and evening meals. After at least one month of treatment, the dose may be increased to 10 mcg injected twice daily, if needed to achieve better glycemic control.Â
It is important to follow the instructions for injection provided by the healthcare provider or pharmacist, as the injection technique can affect the absorption and effectiveness of the medication. exenatide should not be administered intravenously or intramuscularly.Â
exenatide should be stored in a refrigerator until the expiration date on the label, and the medication should not be used if it has been frozen or exposed to heat or sunlight. Unused medication should be discarded according to local regulations.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: exenatideÂ
Pronounced: exe-naa-tideÂ
Why do we use exenatide?Â
exenatide is used to treat type 2 diabetes, a condition in which the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.Â
exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which means it mimics the action of the hormone GLP-1 to lower blood glucose levels. By stimulating insulin secretion in response to glucose, slowing down gastric emptying, and suppressing glucagon secretion, exenatide can effectively reduce blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes.Â
In addition to its effects on blood glucose levels, exenatide has been shown to promote weight loss, reduce blood pressure, and improve lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes. These effects are thought to be mediated through its action on GLP-1 receptors in other tissues, including the brain and the gastrointestinal tract.Â
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