Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Adriamycin
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
doxorubicin
Class :
Antineoplastics
Brand Name :
Adriamycin
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
doxorubicin
Class :
Antineoplastics
Dosage forms and strengths
Injectable solution
2 mg/ml
Powder injection
10mg
50mg
Suspension
250mg per 5ml
500mg per 5ml
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(All)
50
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
once in a 21- or 28-day course in combination with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone.
30 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of the 8-week cycle in combination with cyclophosphamide, thioguanine, vincristine, and cytarabine.
Single drug-treatment:
60 - 75
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
over 3 to 10 minutes once in 21 days for 4 cycles.
Combination drug-treatment: 30 to 60 mg/m2 IV once every 21 to 28 days in combination with cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and docetaxel.
30
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
on day 2 in the 14-day course in combination with methotrexate, cisplatin, and growth factor supporter.
MAVC regimen: 30 mg/m2 IV on day 2 in the 28-course in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and cisplatin for up to 6 cycles.
Single drug-treatment:
60 - 75
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
over 3 to 10 minutes every 21 days.
Combination drug treatment: 40 to 75 mg/m^2 IV every 21 to 28 days in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
CTACE intra-arterial:
50 - 75
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
as a single dose via intra-arterial injection every 2 months for a maximum of 3 doses.
DEB-TACE intra-arterial: 150 mg administered via loaded drug-eluting bead every 2 months for a maximum of 3 doses.
Single dose regimen:
60 - 75
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
over 3 to 10 minutes once in 21 days.
Combination regimen: 25 mg/m^2 IV on days 1 and 15 every 28 days in combination with bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine for 2 to 4 cycles.
50
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
on day 1 of the 14-day course in combination with gemcitabine and growth factor supporter.
45
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
on day 1 every 21 days in combination with cyclophosphamide and vincristine.
50
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
on day 1 every 21 days in combination with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone.
PAD regimen:
9
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
on days 1 to 4 for 3 cycles in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone.
VDT-PACE regimen: 10 mg/m^2 continuous infusion on days 1 to 4 of each cycle (in combination with bortezomib, dexamethasone, thalidomide, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide).
50
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
on day 1 every 21 days in combination with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide.
Uterine sarcoma:
60
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
on day 1 every 21 days either as a single agent or in combination with dacarbazine.
Dosage forms and strengthsÂ
Injectable solution
2 mg/ml
Powder injection
10mg
50mg
Suspension
250mg per 5ml
500mg per 5ml
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(All)
30
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
per day on days 0 and 1 of a 4-week cycle in combination with dexrazoxane, vincristine, methotrexate, cytarabine.
CNS therapy for high-risk patients: 30 mg/m2 per day of a 3-week cycle in combination with dexrazoxane, vincristine, mercaptopurine, and cytarabine.
75
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
per day on day 1 every 21 days for 5 cycles in combination with vincristine and cyclophosphamide.
Regimen B for Stage I, II, III, IV:
20
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
per day administered as a continuous infusion for days in combination with cisplatin.
Regimen C for Stage I: 20 mg/m2 per day on days 1, 2, and 3 every 3 weeks for 4 cycles.
50
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
per day on day 1 of a 21-day cycle in combination with vincristine, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide.
25 mg/m^2 per day on days 1 and 2 of a 21-day cycle in combination with vincristine, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide.
For advanced-stage ABVD regimen: 25 mg/m^2 per day on days 0 and 14 of a 28-day cycle in combination with bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine.
< 12 kg:
0.83
mg/kg
Intravenous (IV)
per day as a continuous infusion on days 1, 2, and 3 of a total dose of 2.49 mg/kg in combination with cyclophosphamide and vincristine with etoposide and cisplatin.
> 12 kg: 25 mg/m^2 per day as a continuous infusion on days 1, 2, and 3 of a total dose of 75 mg/m2 in combination with cyclophosphamide and vincristine with etoposide and cisplatin.
25
mg/m^2
Intravenous (IV)
per day infused over 1 hour on days 4 and 5 of a 21- to 28- day cycle in combination with cyclophosphamide, prednisone, methotrexate, and vincristine (dose adjustment may depend on neutrophil recovery).
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
may diminish the therapeutic effect
measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
may diminish the therapeutic effect
measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined
spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
immunosuppressants such as doxorubicin may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of another drug
immunosuppressants such as doxorubicin may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of another drug
immunosuppressants such as doxorubicin may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of another drug
immunosuppressants such as doxorubicin may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of another drug
immunosuppressants such as doxorubicin may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of another drug l
the combination with doxorubicin may decrease the therapeutic effects of another drug
the combination with doxorubicin may decrease the therapeutic effects of another drug
may enhance the hepatotoxic effect of mercaptopurine
may increase serum concentrations of doxorubicin
doxorubicin: they may enhance the serum concentration of glycoprotein Inhibitors
doxorubicin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
doxorubicin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
doxorubicin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
doxorubicin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
doxorubicin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
the effect of doxorubicin is decreased by lorlatinib, by altering intestinal or hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
P-glycoprotein inhibitors or ABCB1 inhibitors increase the concentration of doxorubicin in serum
CYP2D6 Inhibitors increase the concentration of doxorubicin in serum
CYP2D6 Inhibitors increase the concentration of doxorubicin in serum
may increase the level of effectiveness through P-glycoprotein MDR1 efflux transporter
may enhance the serum concentration
may enhance the serum concentrations of CYP2D6 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 inhibitors
may diminish the pharmacodynamic antagonistic effect of each other when combined
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live 
may diminish the pharmacodynamic antagonistic effect of each other when combined
measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
may diminish the pharmacodynamic antagonistic effect of each other when combined
may diminish the pharmacodynamic antagonistic effect of each other when combined
smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
may diminish the pharmacodynamic antagonistic effect of each other when combined
immunosuppressants may decrease the therapeutic effect of live and attenuated vaccines
immunosuppressants may decrease the therapeutic effect of live and attenuated vaccines
immunosuppressants may decrease the therapeutic effect of live and attenuated vaccines
immunosuppressants may decrease the therapeutic effect of live and attenuated vaccines
immunosuppressants may decrease the therapeutic effect of live and attenuated vaccines
immunosuppressants may decrease the therapeutic effect of live and attenuated vaccines
may enhance the myelosuppressive effect
may increase the serum concentration of CYP2D6 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of CYP2D6 substrates
may increase the serum concentration of CYP2D6 substrates
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
It may enhance the effect when combined with lonafarnib by affecting the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter
it may increase the levels of serum concentration of OATP1B1/1B3 (SLCO1B1/1B3) Substrates
it may increase the levels of serum concentration of OATP1B1/1B3 (SLCO1B1/1B3) Substrates
it may increase the levels of serum concentration of OATP1B1/1B3 (SLCO1B1/1B3) Substrates
it may increase the levels of serum concentration of OATP1B1/1B3 (SLCO1B1/1B3) Substrates
it may increase the levels of serum concentration of OATP1B1/1B3 (SLCO1B1/1B3) Substrates
It may enhance the effect when combined with tafamidis meglumine
l-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with vitamins
When alprazolam and doxorubicin is used together, this leads to reduction in the alprazolam’s metabolism
When encainide is used together with doxorubicin, this leads to a reduction in the encainide’s metabolism
When doxorubicin is used together with andrographolide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of bleeding
When doxorubicin is used together with oleandomycin, this leads to enhanced concentration serum of doxorubicin
When doxorubicin is used together with ridaforolimus, this leads to enhanced concentration serum of doxorubicin
may manifest acute “recall” pneumonitis after radiation therapy
may manifest acute “recall” pneumonitis after radiation therapy
may increase the risk of cardiotoxicity
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may reduce the therapeutic effect of typhoid Vaccine
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
meningococcal group B vaccineÂ
the efficacy of the vaccine may be reduced
When doxorubicin is used together with oliceridine, this leads to reduction in oliceridine’s metabolism
Action:
The primary way that doxorubicin works is by intercalating between DNA base pairs, which breaks DNA strands and inhibits the synthesis of both DNA and RNA. Topoisomerase II is inhibited by doxorubicin, which damages DNA and triggers apoptosis. Further reducing DNA synthesis, doxorubicin, in conjunction with iron, induces free radical-mediated oxidative damage to DNA. Free radical formation may be inhibited by iron chelators like dexrazoxane, which work by reducing the amount of iron that doxorubicin binds to.
Frequency defined:Â
Skin rash
Fever
Bradycardia
Anemia
Nausea
Vomiting
Weight loss
Mucositis
Anorexia
Myelosuppression
Pulmonary fibrosis
1% to 10%Â
Infertility
Skin photosensitivity
Gastrointestinal ulcer
Pruritis
<1%Â
Acute myelocytic leukemia
Anaphylaxis
Chills
Conjunctivitis
Hepatitis
Febrile neutropenia
Growth suppression
Stevens-johnson syndrome
Neuromuscular weakness
Discoloration of tears
To be administered under the supervision of an expert medical practitioner.
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindication:Â
Hypersensitivity
Severe liver failure
Active infection
Cardiomyopathy
Caution:Â
Myocardial damage
Cardiotoxicity
Severe injury to local tissue
Myelodysplastic
Myelogenous leukemia
Myelosuppression
Extravasation
Pregnancy category: Doxorubicin falls under pregnancy category D.
Lactation: It is recommended that breastfeeding should be discontinued by the women receiving doxorubicin therapy because the doxorubicin and its metabolites are reported to be present in breast milk.
Pregnancy category:Â
PharmacologyÂ
Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent.
Pharmacodynamics:Â
Doxorubicin belongs to anthracycline antibiotics class and is described as a potent cytostatic drug which impacts on all stages of the cell cycle. It is associated with DNA strands breaks and damages that is achievable by the intercalation of the compound’s structures, which in turn leads to their antitumor effect.
Pharmacokinetics:Â
Absorption
Due of its limited absorption when taken orally, doxorubicin is mainly given intravenously.\
Distribution
Approximately 75% of the drug is bound to proteins. There is a 20–30 L/kg distribution volume.
Metabolism
The liver is where doxorubicin is mostly metabolised. By reduction, it is converted to doxorubicinol.
Excretion and elimination
40 to 50 percent of the drug is expelled in feces, and 5 to 12 percent is removed via urine.
Half-life
1-3 hours
AdministrationÂ
Give the intravenous infusion during a three to five-minute period.
Patient information leaflet
Generic name: doxorubicin
Pronunciation: DOK-soh-ROO-bi-sinÂ
Why do we use doxorubicin?
Chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin are frequently used to treat different types of cancer.
In combination chemotherapy regimens, doxorubicin is frequently used to treat both early stage and metastatic breast cancer.
Doxorubicin is often used in the treatment of both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, typically in conjunction with other chemotherapy medications.
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