Long COVID Patterns in the RECOVER-Adult Study
November 21, 2025
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Brand Name :
Prograf, Hecoria, Astagraf XL, Envarsus XR
Synonyms :
tacrolimus
Class :
Calcineurin Inhibitors, Immunosuppressants
Brand Name :
Prograf, Hecoria, Astagraf XL, Envarsus XR
Synonyms :
tacrolimus
Class :
Calcineurin Inhibitors, Immunosuppressants
Dosage Forms & Strengths
capsule-ER
0.5mg
1mg
5mg
injectable solution
5mg/mL
capsule-IR
0.5mg
1mg
5mg
tablet-ER
0.75mg
1mg
4mg
Dosage Forms & Strengths
capsule-ER
0.5mg
1mg
5mg
injectable solution
5mg/mL
capsule-IR
0.5mg
1mg
5mg
tablet-ER
0.75mg
1mg
4mg
refer adult dosing
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
poliovirus vaccine inactivated
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
Immunosuppressants may reduce the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine
it may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Influenza Virus Vaccines
influenza virus vaccine h n live
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Influenza Virus Vaccines
influenza virus vaccine (h n ) adjuvanted
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Influenza Virus Vaccines
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Influenza Virus Vaccines
poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines
poliovirus vaccine inactivated
immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines
immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of vaccines
may decrease the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 vaccine
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
poliovirus vaccine inactivated
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of tacrolimus
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of tacrolimus
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of tacrolimus
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of tacrolimus
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of tacrolimus
tacrolimus: they may increase the immunosuppressive effect of selective immunosuppressants
tacrolimus: they may increase the immunosuppressive effect of selective immunosuppressants
tacrolimus: they may increase the immunosuppressive effect of selective immunosuppressants
When tacrolimus is used in combination with rabies vaccine, this leads to a reduction in the rabies vaccine effects through the process of pharmacodynamic antagonism
when tacrolimus is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when tacrolimus and melphalan combine the immunosuppressive effects of both the drugs are enhanced and lead to increased risk of infection
Increased risk of immunosuppressant activity may lead to the risk of severe infection
interaction raises immunosuppressive effects and risk of infection
the effect of tacrolimus is decreased by lorlatinib, by altering intestinal or hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of dengue Vaccine
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of BCG products
may increase the QTc interval when combined
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
poliovirus vaccine inactivated
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants
measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, liveÂ
may increase the toxic effects of varicella virus containing vaccine
it increases the toxicity of rubella or varicella-containing live vaccines
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)Â
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of rubella, and varicella vaccine, live 
immunosuppressants increase the effect of baricitinib
immunosuppressants increase the toxicity of BCG products
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of cladribine
immunosuppressants increase the toxicity of the dengue tetravalent vaccine
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of natalizumab
it increases the effect of immunosuppressants
immunosuppressants increase the toxicity of the poliovirus vaccine
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of ruxolitinib
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of tacrolimus
immunosuppressants increase the toxicity of talimogene laherparepvec
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of tofacitinib
immunosuppressants increase the toxicity of the typhoid vaccine
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of upadacitinib
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
immunosuppressants increase the toxicity of live vaccines
measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
immunosuppressants increase the toxicity of live vaccines
immunosuppressants increase the toxicity of the yellow fever vaccine
may increase the immunosuppressive effects
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants
antithymocyte globulin equineÂ
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
the toxicity of either of the drugs is increased by immunosuppressive activity
may enhance the serum concentration of clotrimazole
CYP3A4 inhibitors increase the concentration of tacrolimus in the serum
CYP3A4 inhibitors increase the concentration of tacrolimus in the serum
CYP3A4 inhibitors increase the concentration of tacrolimus in the serum
CYP3A4 inhibitors increase the concentration of tacrolimus in the serum
CYP3A4 inhibitors increase the concentration of tacrolimus in the serum
may have an increased immunosuppressive effect when combined with tacrolimus
may have an increased immunosuppressive effect when combined with tacrolimus
may have an increased immunosuppressive effect when combined with tacrolimus
It may enhance the effect when combined with lonafarnib by affecting the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter
tacrolimus: they may increase the nephrotoxic effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs
tacrolimus: they may increase the nephrotoxic effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs
tacrolimus: they may increase the nephrotoxic effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs
tacrolimus: they may increase the nephrotoxic effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs
tacrolimus: they may increase the nephrotoxic effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs
It may enhance and diminish the immunosuppressive effects when combined with maitake
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP3A4 Inhibitors
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP3A4 Inhibitors
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP3A4 Inhibitors
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP3A4 Inhibitors
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP3A4 Inhibitors
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with tacrolimus
tacrolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A Inhibitors
tacrolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A Inhibitors
It may enhance QTc interval when combined with lithium
tacrolimus: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
tacrolimus: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
tacrolimus: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
tacrolimus: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
tacrolimus: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
When loracarbef is used together with tacrolimus, the risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity is enhanced
tacrolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates
tacrolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates
tacrolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates
tacrolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates
tacrolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased effect of immunosuppressive activities of vincristine  
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased immunosuppressive activity of paclitaxel 
increase the therapeutic effect of daunorubicin by P-glycoprotein efflux transporter
both the drugs increase the effect of immunosuppression risk of infection increases on administering both the drugs simultaneously
may increase excessive immunosuppressive effects
it increases the effect or level of palbociclib by altering the intestinal or hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
increase the therapeutic effect of idarubicin by P-glycoprotein efflux transporter
CYP3A4 inhibitors increase the concentration of tacrolimus in serum alpra
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of tacrolimus in serum
it may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants
immunosuppressants may reduce the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine
Immunosuppressants may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Inebilizumab.
may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of baricitinib
may alter the level by affecting CYP450 enzyme metabolism
immunosuppressants decrease the efficacy of brincidofovir
may increase the serum concentration
may enhance the serum concentration of OAT1/3 substrates
may increase the serum concentrations of CYP2D6 inhibitors
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with tacrolimus
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inhibitors
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxideÂ
may increase the serum concentration of Magnesium Hydroxide
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with platelet Inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with platelet Inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with platelet Inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with platelet Inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with platelet Inhibitors
magnesium hydroxide: they may enhance the serum concentration of tacrolimus
immunosuppressants decrease the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine
it increases the effect of immunosuppressive agents
immunosuppressants decrease the efficacy of the influenza virus vaccine
immunosuppressants increase the effect of immunosuppression of leflunomide
immunosuppressants decrease the efficacy of the rabies vaccine
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
immunosuppressants decrease the efficacy of vaccines
measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
immunosuppressants decrease the efficacy of vaccines
Actions and Spectrum:
tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant medication, exerts specific actions and has a range of effects:
Frequency defined
>10%
Nausea (38%)
Constipation (35%)
Peripheral edema (36%)
Urinary tract infection (34%)
Asthenia (34%)
Hypomagnesemia (34%)
Abdominal pain (33%)
Insomnia (32%)
Pain (32%)
Hyperlipemia (31%)
Anemia (30%)
Hyperkalemia (31%)
Vomiting (29%)
Back pain (24%)
Dyspepsia (28%)
Arthralgia (25%)
Diabetes mellitus (24%)
Hypokalemia (22%)
Paresthesia (23%)
Hyperglycemia (22%)
Dizziness (19%)
Dyspnea (22%)
Chest Pain (19%)
Edema (18%)
Increased cough (18%)
none
Pregnancy warnings:Â Â Â
Pregnancy category: N/A
Lactation:Â Excreted into human milk is unknown
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A:Â Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.
Category C:Â there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D:Â adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X:Â Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N:Â There is no data available for the drug under this category
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: tacrolimus
Why do we use tacrolimus?
tacrolimus, categorized as an immunosuppressant medication, serves several medical purposes:
tacrolimus can be administered orally or applied topically to the skin.
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