Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
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Brand Name :
Pentylan
Synonyms :
pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Class :
Anti-anginal agents
Brand Name :
Pentylan
Synonyms :
pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Class :
Anti-anginal agents
Dosage forms and strengths Â
Oral tabletÂ
20 mg Â
10 mgÂ
Indicated for treating & preventing angina pectoris
The suggested dosage is 10 mg to 20 mg by oral route every six hours a day
The dose may be raised to 40 mg every six hours a day
Not indicatedÂ
Refer adult dosingÂ
abacavir leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
aceclofenac leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
acemetacin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
acetaminophen leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
acyclovir leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
alclofenac leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
aldesleukin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
allopurinol leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
almotriptan leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
alprazolam leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
amantadine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
aminophenazone leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
amitriptyline leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
amoxicillin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
amphetamine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
amphotericin b leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ampicillin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
amrinone leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
antipyrine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
antrafenine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
apremilast leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
arformoterol leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
arsenic trioxide leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
atazanavir leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
atomoxetine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
auranofin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
azacitidine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
azathioprine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
azelaic acid leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bacitracin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
baclofen leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
benorilate leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
benoxaprofen leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
benzatropine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
benzydamine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bepotastine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bisoprolol leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bleomycin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
brivaracetam leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bromazepam leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
budesonide leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bumadizone leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bupropion leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
buspirone leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
butabarbital leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
capecitabine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
carbidopa leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
carboplatin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
carmustine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
carprofen leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefaclor leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefadroxil leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefalotin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefapirin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefazolin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefdinir leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefditoren leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefepime leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefmenoxime leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefmetazole leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefonicid leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefoperazone leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ceforanide leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefotaxime leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefotetan leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefotiam leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefoxitin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefpiramide leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefpirome leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefpodoxime leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefprozil leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefradine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ceftazidime leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ceftibuten leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ceftizoxime leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ceftobiprole leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ceftriaxone leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefuroxime leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
celecoxib leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cephalexin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cephaloglycin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cetirizine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
chloral hydrate leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
chloroquine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
chlorpromazine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
chlorpropamide leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
chlorzoxazone leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cidofovir leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cilostazol leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cimetidine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
ciprofloxacin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
clobazam leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
clofarabine leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Action:Â
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is a drug classified as a nitrate vasodilator primarily used in the treatment of angina pectoris (chest pain) and heart failure. It works by widening and relaxing blood vessels, which increases the amount of blood that reaches the heart muscle and reduces the strain on the heart.Â
Spectrum:Â
Vasodilation: Pentaerythritol tetranitrate works by dilating blood vessels, particularly veins, which results in reduced venous return to the heart, decreased preload, and thus reduced oxygen demand on the heart muscle. This mechanism helps in relieving angina symptoms by improving blood flow to the heart.Â
Reduction of Cardiac Workload: By dilating blood vessels, pentaerythritol tetranitrate reduces the workload on the heart, allowing it to pump more efficiently and with less strain.Â
Frequency not defined Â
NauseaÂ
RashÂ
HypersensitivityÂ
HeadacheÂ
Fast heart rateÂ
DizzinessÂ
HypotensionÂ
FlushingÂ
Black Box Warning:Â Â
None
Contraindication/Caution:Â Â
Allergy or Hypersensitivity: The drug should not be used by individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to pentaerythritol tetranitrate or any of its constituents.Â
Severe Anemia: Pentaerythritol tetranitrate can cause dilatation of blood vessels and subsequently decrease blood pressure. In individuals with severe anemia, this may exacerbate the condition and compromise blood flow.Â
Hypotension: Pentaerythritol tetranitrate can further lower blood pressure, which might be detrimental in individuals who already have low blood pressure or are prone to hypotension.Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: N/AÂ
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology: Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is a medication classified as a nitrate that is primarily used in the treatment of angina pectoris.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â Â
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate works as a vasodilator by releasing nitric oxide in the body. The relaxation of vascular smooth muscle is caused by nitric oxide, resulting in the dilation of veins and arteries. This dilation reduces the workload on the heart by decreasing preload and afterload, thereby improving blood flow to the heart and reducing the oxygen demand of the myocardium. Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is rapidly absorbed after oral administration.Â
DistributionÂ
In the liver, it goes through first-pass metabolism, leading to low systemic bioavailability. It distributed widely in tissues.Â
MetabolismÂ
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is metabolized in the liver through various pathways, including denitration and conjugation with sulfhydryl compounds.Â
Excretion and EliminationÂ
Most of the metabolites are eliminated in the urine.Â
Administration: Â
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate tablets are usually taken orally. The tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water and should not be chewed, crushed, or split unless advised by a healthcare professional.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: pentaerythritol tetranitrateÂ
Why do we use pentaerythritol tetranitrate? Â
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is commonly used to treat angina pectoris. In some cases of heart failure, pentaerythritol tetranitrate might be prescribed to help improve cardiac function by reducing the workload on the heart through its vasodilatory effects.Â
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