Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Januvia
(United States) [Available] ,Zituvio
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
sitagliptina, sitagliptinum
Class :
Antidiabetics, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors
Brand Name :
Januvia
(United States) [Available] ,Zituvio
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
sitagliptina, sitagliptinum
Class :
Antidiabetics, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors
Dosage forms & StrengthsÂ
AdultÂ
TabletÂ
25mgÂ
50mgÂ
100mgÂ
100 mg orally each day
Indicated as an addition diet and exercise. It helps in improving glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes
Dose Modifications
In the case of renal impairment-
when eGFR is in the range of 45 to 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 no dose adjustment is required
when eGFR is in the range of 30 to 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 50 mg orally each day
when eGFR is less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 25 mg orally each day
Last stage of renal failure, requiring hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis, 25 mg orally each day
In the case of hepatic impairment, no dose adjustment is required.
Limitations
sitagliptin should not be administered to patients with type I diabetes
Not safe and efficacious for pediatricsÂ
Frequency DefinedÂ
>10%Â
HypoglycemiaÂ
1-10%Â
NasopharyngitisÂ
Headache Â
Peripheral edema Â
Urinary tract infection Â
Hypersensitivity-related events Â
Upper respiratory tract infection Â
Post-marketing reportsÂ
Tubulointerstitial nephritisÂ
VomitingÂ
PruritisÂ
RhabdomyolysisÂ
StomatitisÂ
Mouth ulcersÂ
Bullous pemphigoidÂ
MyalgiaÂ
Back PainÂ
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulins
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulins
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulins
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulins
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulins
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Sulfonylureas
it increases the effect of sitagliptin via the MDR1 efflux transporter
ethanol and sitagliptin alter the glycemic control when used simultaneously
it increases the effect of sitagliptin via the MDR1 efflux transporter
it decreases the effect of sitagliptin via the MDR1 efflux transporter
it increases the effect of sitagliptin via the MDR1 efflux transporter
it increases the effect of antidiabetic agents
sitagliptin increases the concentration of digoxin
it increases the effect of hypoglycemia of antidiabetic agents
it increases the effect of hypoglycemia of antidiabetic agents
they increase the hypoglycemic effect of blood glucose-reducing agents
it increases the effect of hypoglycemia with blood glucose-reducing agents
it increases the hypoglycemic effect of blood glucose-reducing agents
it reduces the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic agents
it increases the hypoglycemic effect of blood glucose-reducing agents
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
sitagliptin: they may enhance the serum concentration of digoxin
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
When halometasone is used together with sitagliptin, this leads to elevated risk or seriousness of hyperglycemia
When sitagliptin is used together with ouabain, this leads to reduction in sitagliptin excretion
methylprednisolone hemisuccinateÂ
When methylprednisolone hemisuccinate is aided with sitagliptin, this leads to elevated hyperglycemia risk
antiviral Agents may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of anti-diabetic Agents
antiviral Agents may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of anti-diabetic Agents
antiviral Agents may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of anti-diabetic Agents
antiviral Agents may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of anti-diabetic Agents
antiviral Agents may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of anti-diabetic Agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic Agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic Agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic Agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic Agents
they decrease the efficacy of antidiabetic agents
they decrease the efficacy of antidiabetic agents
they decrease the efficacy of antidiabetic agents
they decrease the efficacy of antidiabetic agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect of hyperglycemia agents
when combined with bacitracin, the serum level of sitagliptin will increase, leading to decreased output of sitagliptin from the body
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of sulfonylureas
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of sulfonylureas
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of sulfonylureas
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of sulfonylureas
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of sulfonylureas
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Actions and Spectrum:Â
sitagliptin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It works by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which in turn increases the levels of incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These hormones help to regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of insulin and reducing the production of glucose by the liver.Â
The spectrum of sitagliptin’s actions includes:Â
Frequency DefinedÂ
>10%Â
HypoglycemiaÂ
1-10%Â
NasopharyngitisÂ
Headache Â
Peripheral edema Â
Urinary tract infection Â
Hypersensitivity-related events Â
Upper respiratory tract infection Â
Post-marketing reportsÂ
Tubulointerstitial nephritisÂ
VomitingÂ
ConstipationÂ
PruritisÂ
RhabdomyolysisÂ
StomatitisÂ
Mouth ulcersÂ
Bullous pemphigoidÂ
MyalgiaÂ
Back PainÂ
Contraindication/Caution:Â
sitagliptin is generally well tolerated, but some contraindications and precautions should be considered before using it. These include:Â
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
It is not secure to administer sitagliptin during pregnancy.Â
Breastfeeding warnings:Â Â
No data is available about the excretion of sitagliptin in breastmilk. Avoid using in lactating women.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Pharmacology:Â
sitagliptin is an oral antidiabetic medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. It works by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme DPP-4, which increases the levels of incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
The following are the pharmacodynamic effects of sitagliptin:Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The bioavailability is 87%Â
The peak plasma concentration is achieved in 1-4 hoursÂ
The peak plasma concentration is 950 nM (for a single oral dose)Â
The area under the curve is 8.52 microM·hr (for a single oral dose) Â
DistributionÂ
The protein-bound is 38%Â
The volume of distribution is 98 LÂ
MetabolismÂ
The metabolism is limited primarily through CYP3A4 and CYP2C8Â
Elimination and Excretion Â
The rate of renal clearance is 350 mL/minÂ
The terminal half-life is 12.4 hoursÂ
The drug is excreted 87% in urine and 13% in fecesÂ
Administration:Â
sitagliptin is available in tablet form for oral administration. The recommended dose of sitagliptin is 100 mg once daily, and it can be taken with or without food. It is essential to take sitagliptin as directed by your healthcare provider and to stay within the recommended dose.Â
If a dose of sitagliptin is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible unless it is close to the time for the next dose. In this case, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular dosing schedule should be resumed. It is important not to double the dose to compensate for a missed dose.Â
sitagliptin may be used alone or with other antidiabetic medications, such as metformin or insulin, to achieve better blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate treatment regimen based on your needs and medical history.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: sitagliptinÂ
Pronounced: sita-glip-tinÂ
Why do we use sitagliptin?Â
sitagliptin is used to treat type 2 diabetes, a condition in which the body cannot effectively use insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Sitagliptin works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which in turn increases the levels of incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).
These hormones stimulate insulin release and reduce glucose production by the liver, leading to a decrease in blood sugar levels. sitagliptin is often used with other antidiabetic medications, such as metformin or insulin, to achieve better blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used as monotherapy in patients who cannot tolerate other antidiabetic medications or in whom other medications are contraindicated.Â
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