Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
Free CME credits
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
Brand Name :
Tudorza Pressair
Synonyms :
aclidinium
Class :
Anticholinergics, Respiratory
Brand Name :
Tudorza Pressair
Synonyms :
aclidinium
Class :
Anticholinergics, Respiratory
Dosage Forms & Strengths  Â
Dry powder for metered-dose inhalerÂ
400mcg/actuationÂ
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseÂ
inhaling 400 mcg (1 puff) orally two times daily.Â
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Â
inhaling 400 mcg (1 puff) orally two times daily
Safety and efficacy not determined Â
Refer to adult dosingÂ
may have an increased risk of adverse effects when combined with tropicamide
aclidinium: they may increase the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents
aclidinium: they may increase the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents
aclidinium: they may increase the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents
aclidinium: they may increase the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents
aclidinium: they may increase the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A Inhibitors
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A Inhibitors
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A Inhibitors
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A Inhibitors
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A Inhibitors
May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may have an increased anticholinergic effect when combined with anticholinergic agents
may have an increased anticholinergic effect when combined with anticholinergic agents
may have an increased anticholinergic effect when combined with anticholinergic agents
may have an increased anticholinergic effect when combined with anticholinergic agents
may have an increased anticholinergic effect when combined with anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
aclidinium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aclidinium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aclidinium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aclidinium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aclidinium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aclidinium: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
aclidinium: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
aclidinium: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
aclidinium: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
aclidinium: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
aclidinium: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
It May increases the effect of Anticholinergic Agents 
it may increase the effect of anticholinergic agents 
it may increase the effect of anticholinergic agents 
it may increase the effect of anticholinergic agents 
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
it increases the effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect
hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrineÂ
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
promethazine/dextromethorphanÂ
may increase the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
may increase the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents
when clonidine is used in combination with aclidinium, there is a risk or severity of tachycardia, which should be avoided
it may diminish the therapeutic efficacy when combined with castor oil
When batefenterol is used together with aclidinium, there is an elevated risk of experiencing more severe adverse events
cefotiam might reduce the excretion rate of aclidinium, potentially leading to elevated serum levels
it may diminish the excretion rate when combined with gadofosveset, resulting in an enhanced serum level
aminophenazone has the potential to reduce the rate of excretion of aclidinium, leading to an elevation in its serum concentration
Combining xamoterol with aclidinium may elevate the risk/seriousness of tachycardia
When metixene and aclidinium are combined, the risk or seriousness of adverse events will rise
meticrane has the potential to enhance the rate of excretion of aclidinium; this can potentially lead to decreased levels of serum, possibly diminishing its effectiveness
levobupivacaine has the potential to lower the rate of excretion of aclidinium, leading to a possible elevation in serum levels
aclidinium has the potential to reduce the rate of excretion of idebenone, leading to an elevation in levels of serum
tinidazole has the potential to reduce the rate of excretion of aclidinium, potentially leading to an elevation in level of serum
When azatadine is used together with aclidinium, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
the aclidinium excretion rate is decreased when ceftizoxime is used in combination
lonazolac may reduce the elimination rate of aclidinium, resulting in a greater serum level
aclidinium leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of eucalyptus oil which leads to increased level of serum
cefpirome leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of aclidinium which leads to increased level of serum
aclidinium leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of chromous sulfate, which leads to an increased level of serum
aclidinium leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of oxyquinoline, which leads to an increased level of serum
when aclidinium and butobarbital are combined, there is a chance that the severity or risk of side effects will rise
aclidinium leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium acetate, which leads to an increased level of serum
aclidinium leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium perchlorate, which leads to an increased level of serum
aclidinium may lower the excretion rate of ioxilan, potentially resulting in a raised serum level
isoxicam may reduce the excretion rate of aclidinium, potentially leading to a higher serum level
phylloquinone may lower the excretion rate of aclidinium, potentially leading to higher serum levels
muzolimine may raise the excretion rate of aclidinium, potentially resulting in a lower serum level and a potential decrease in efficacy
mycophenolic acid has the potential to reduce the excretion rate of aclidinium, resulting in a potential increase in serum levels
the excretion rate of n-acetyl tyrosine may be decreased by aclidinium, potentially leading to higher serum levels
the excretion rate of sulbactam may be decreased by aclidinium, potentially leading to higher serum levels
aclidinium: it may decrease the excretion rate of iothalamic acid
ambenonium has the potential to enhance the neuromuscular blocking effects of aclidinium
When aclidinium is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
aclidinium: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
aclidinium: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
aclidinium: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
the risk or extent of adverse effects can be increased when aclidinium is combined with oxycodone
combining benzquinamide with aclidinium could raise the risk or seriousness of side effects
it may reduce the therapeutic effect of anticholinergic agents
it may reduce the therapeutic effect of anticholinergic agents
it may reduce the therapeutic effect of anticholinergic agents
may increase the risk or severity of adverse effects when combined
may decrease the tiopronin excretion rate
excretory rate of ancestim may be reduced with aclidinium, resulting in higher levels in serum
an increase in adverse effects severity can be noticed when agmatine is coadministered with aclidinium
the excretory rate of aclidinium may be reduced, leading to high serum levels of aclidinium when combined with bumadizone
the rate of excretion of aurothioglucose may be reduced with aclidinium
when ipratropium and aclidinium are combined, there is a chance that the likelihood or intensity of side effects will increase
the neuromuscular blocking activity of aclidinium may be increased
an increase in neuromuscular blocking activity of aclidinium may be increased
the neuromuscular blocking activity of aclidinium may be increased
sulindac may lower the excretion rate of aclidinium, potentially resulting in a higher serum level
ambenonium has the potential to enhance the neuromuscular blocking effects of aclidinium
the neuromuscular blocking activity of aclidinium may be increased
the risk of adverse effects may be increased
when combined with cimetropium, there is an increased chances of adverse effects with aclidinium
the rate of excretion of aclidinium may be reduced
the risk of tachycardia may be increased
the rate of excretion of aclidinium may be reduced
when butalbital is combined with aclidinium, the risk or extent of adverse effects linked to aclidinium may be heightened
the risk or extent of tachycardia can be raised when aclidinium is combined with doxofylline
the risk of adverse effects may be increased
Actions and SpectrumÂ
Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that constricts the airways, is blocked by the medication, causing the airways to expand and become easier to breathe. The M3 muscarinic receptor, which is primarily in charge of bronchoconstriction in the airways, is highly affinitive by aclidinium.Â
aclidinium has little systemic effects and a somewhat selective impact on the airways in terms of its spectrum. Peak bronchodilation happens 1 to 3 hours after inhalation, with a quick commencement of effect. With a half-life of around 5.5 hours, the duration of action is also rather long, allowing for twice-daily dosage.Â
Frequency defined Â
1-10%Â
Nasopharyngitis (5.5%)Â
Toothache (1.1%)Â
Fall (1.1%)Â
Diarrhea (2.7%)Â
Vomiting (1.1%)Â
Sinusitis (1.7%)Â
Rhinitis (1.6%)Â
Headache (6.6%)Â
Cough (3%)Â
Post marketing reportsÂ
RashÂ
DysphoniaÂ
TachycardiaÂ
Blurred visionÂ
Urinary retentionÂ
ItchingÂ
AnaphylaxisÂ
Angioedema (including swelling of lips and throat or tongue)Â
StomatitisÂ
UrticariaÂ
BronchospasmÂ
NauseaÂ
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindication:Â
Caution:Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: N/AÂ
Lactation: Excretion into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
PharmacologyÂ
A long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) bronchodilator known as aclidinium is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on a long-term basis. Â
The medication stops acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that constricts the airways, from acting by binding specifically to certain receptors in the airways.Â
PharmacodynamicsÂ
The M3 muscarinic receptor, which is primarily in charge of bronchoconstriction in the airways, due to high affinity of drug.Â
aclidinium relaxes the smooth muscles in the airways by attaching to and inhibiting the M3 receptor, which improves bronchodilation and airflow. With little systemic side effects, the medication acts on the airways in a rather specific manner.Â
Peak bronchodilation is experienced 1 to 3 hours after inhalation with aclidinium, which has a quick beginning of action.Â
PharmacokineticsÂ
Absorption  Â
A dry powder inhaler (DPI) is used to give aclidinium by way of inhalation. Direct delivery of the medication to the lungs allows for its quick absorption into the circulation.Â
After inhalation, aclidinium is thought to have a about 6% absolute bioavailability.Â
DistributionÂ
Low molecular weight and strong polarity of aclidinium prevent aclidinium from spreading to neighbouring tissues.Â
More than 90% of the medication is tightly linked to albumin and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein in plasma proteins.Â
MetabolismÂ
Esterase in the lung and plasma quickly hydrolyse acridinium to an inactive carboxylic acid metabolite.Â
The carboxylic acid metabolite undergoes further metabolism to form conjugates of glucuronide and sulphate, which are excreted in the urine and feces.Â
Elimination and excretionÂ
aclidinium is eliminated unaltered in the urine in around 40 to 50% of cases.Â
The remaining dosage is removed in the urine and feces as metabolites. aclidinium has an elimination half-life of two to three hours.Â
Administration: Â
An inhaler that contains dry powder is used to give aclidinium. aclidinium should be inhaled once (400 mcg) twice day, spaced about 12 hours apart. Before using the inhaler for the first time, prime it by spraying a test dose into the air.Â
The patient should hold the inhaler upright, exhale deeply and fully, and then seal their lips over the inhaler’s mouthpiece to dispense the medicine. The patient should take several fast, deep breaths through their mouth before holding their breath for at least five to ten seconds.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: aclidiniumÂ
Why do we use aclidinium?Â
Airflow restriction brought on by COPD, a lung condition that worsens over time, makes breathing challenging. Shortness of breath, coughing, and sputum production are the major signs and symptoms of COPD. Â
aclidinium improves lung function by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that constricts the smooth muscles of the airways.Â
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
On course completion, you will receive a full-sized presentation quality digital certificate.
A dynamic medical simulation platform designed to train healthcare professionals and students to effectively run code situations through an immersive hands-on experience in a live, interactive 3D environment.
When you have your licenses, certificates and CMEs in one place, it's easier to track your career growth. You can easily share these with hospitals as well, using your medtigo app.
