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Brand Name :
Parsitan
Synonyms :
profenamine
Class :
Anti-parkinson agents
Brand Name :
Parsitan
Synonyms :
profenamine
Class :
Anti-parkinson agents
Dosage forms and strengths
Oral tablet
50 mg
The suggested dose is 50 mg orally once or twice daily
The dose can be raised as tolerated or required
In some instances, based on the disease severity, the dose can be elevated slowly up to 500–600 mg total orally daily
Not indicated
Refer adult dosing
When amisulpride is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When ambenonium is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When amphetamine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When aprotinin is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When aripiprazole is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When aripiprazole lauroxil is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When asenapine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When beclomethasone dipropionate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When benzphetamine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When betaine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When brexpiprazole is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When capsaicin is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When cariprazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When chlorpromazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When chlorprothixene is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When cinchocaine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When cisplatin is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When clobetasol propionate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When corticotropin is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When cortisone acetate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When decamethonium is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When deflazacort is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When desoximetasone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When dexamethasone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When dexamethasone acetate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When dextroamphetamine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When diethylcarbamazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When diethylpropion is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When difluocortolone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When dipyridamole is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When donepezil is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When droperidol is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When edrophonium is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fludrocortisone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When flunisolide is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluocinolone acetonide is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluocinonide is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluocortolone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluorometholone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When flupentixol is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluphenazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluprednisolone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluticasone furoate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluticasone propionate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When galantamine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When ginkgo biloba is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When hydrocortisone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When hydrocortisone acetate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When hydrocortisone butyrate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When hydrocortisone cypionate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When hydrocortisone succinate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When iloperidone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When isoflurophate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When isoprenaline is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When ketamine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When loxapine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When lumateperone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When lurasidone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When mefloquine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When meprednisone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When mesoridazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When metamfetamine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When methotrimeprazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When methylprednisolone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When methylprednisolone aceponate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
When methylprednisolone hemisuccinate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When minaprine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When molindone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When mometasone furoate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When neostigmine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When nizatidine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When olanzapine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When paliperidone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When pegvisomant is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When periciazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When perphenazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When phendimetrazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When phentermine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When physostigmine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When pimozide is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When prednisolone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When Prednisolone acetate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When prednisolone phosphate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When prednisone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When prednisone acetate is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When procainamide is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When prochlorperazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When promazine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When pseudoephedrine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When pyridostigmine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When quetiapine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When risperidone is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When rivastigmine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When sertindole is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When tacrine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When acetylcholine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When aclidinium is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When alfentanil is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When amantadine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When amifampridine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When amitriptyline is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When amobarbital is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When amoxapine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When atropine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When azatadine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When benzatropine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When atracurium is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When bethanechol is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When brompheniramine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When buclizine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When buprenorphine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When bupropion is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When butabarbital is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When butobarbital is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When butorphanol is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When butriptyline is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When cevimeline is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When clidinium is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When clomipramine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When codeine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When cyclopentolate is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When cyproheptadine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When darifenacin is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When desipramine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When desloratadine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dextromethorphan is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dextropropoxyphene is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dezocine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dibenzepin is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dicyclomine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dihydrocodeine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When diphenhydramine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dosulepin is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When doxepin is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When doxylamine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When escitalopram is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When fenoterol is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When fentanyl is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When fesoterodine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When flavoxate is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When fluoxetine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When hexafluronium is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When hydrocodone is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When hyoscyamine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When imipramine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When ipratropium is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When isoflurane is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When levorphanol is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When maprotiline is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When mebeverine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When mecamylamine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When meclizine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When memantine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When mepenzolate is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When meperidine is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When methadone is used together with profenamine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse events
When aripiprazole is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When asenapine is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When benzphetamine is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When betaine is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When brexpiprazole is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When budesonide is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When chlorpromazine is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When chlorprothixene is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When cinchocaine is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When cisplatin is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When corticotropin is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When cortisone acetate is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When decamethonium is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When deflazacort is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When desoximetasone is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When dexamethasone is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When diethylpropion is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When donepezil is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When droperidol is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fludrocortisone is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When flunisolide is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluocinonide is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluocortolone is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When flupentixol is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluphenazine is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
When fluprednisolone is used in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
long-acting muscarinic antagonists decrease the efficacy of methacholine
Actions and Spectrum:
Action:
Profenamine works by blocking certain receptors. It stops them from doing their job. These receptors are called muscarinic receptors. Examples are M1 and M2. Profenamine makes dopamine release more in an area of the brain. This area is the substantia nigra. When more dopamine is released, it helps with Parkinson’s symptoms. It also helps with side effects from other drugs.
Spectrum:
Parkinsonism involves stiff muscles, shaking, and slow movement. Profenamine helps by increasing dopamine. It reduces symptoms like rigidity, tremor, lack of movement, and slow movement. Some medicines cause problems like abnormal movements, restlessness, and shaking. Profenamine treats these side effects from antipsychotics. It relieves dystonia, akathisia, tremor, and tardive dyskinesia.
Frequency not defined
Dysphoria
Psychosis
Lethargy
Forgetfulness
Black Box Warning:
None
Contraindication/Caution:
Hypersensitivity
Narrow-Angle Glaucoma
Urinary Retention
Gastric Retention
Myasthenia Gravis
Gastrointestinal Obstruction
Pregnancy warnings:
Pregnancy category: N/A
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.
<b>Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology: It shows anticholinergic actions.
Pharmacodynamics:
Anticholinergic Activity:
Profenamine blocks certain receptors that control acetylcholine, a chemical messenger. It mainly targets M1 and M2 receptors. By blocking these, it raises dopamine levels in the striatum region of the brain. This happens because acetylcholine’s usual braking effect on dopamine release is removed.
With more dopamine activity, this drug can improve Parkinson’s movement problems. It also helps with muscle issues caused by other medicines like antipsychotics. The increased dopamine undoes the unwanted side effects.
Absorption
Oral bioavailability is good when it’s taken without any food. This means the drug works well when you swallow it without eating first
Distribution
Protein bound is 93%.
Metabolism
Metabolism often happens in the liver via paths involving sulfoxidation. N-dealkylation is also a pathway the liver uses for metabolism.
Excretion and Elimination
Elimination half-life varies from 1 hour minimum to 2 hours maximum. Through urinary excretion, this medicine and broken-down byproducts principally exit the body.
Administration:
Profenamine is primarily administered orally in the form of tablets. It’s crucial to follow proper administration guidelines to ensure optimal treatment response.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: profenamine
Why do we use profenamine?
The medicine profenamine is usually given to people with Parkinson’s disease. It works by increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain. This helps reduce stiffness and improve muscle control. The medicine targets the symptoms caused by Parkinson’s. It helps make movement easier for patients.
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