Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Clinoril
Synonyms :
sulindac, Sulindaco, Sulindacum
Class :
Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, NSAID, COX inhibitor, Acetic acid derivative
Brand Name :
Clinoril
Synonyms :
sulindac, Sulindaco, Sulindacum
Class :
Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, NSAID, COX inhibitor, Acetic acid derivative
Dosage forms and strengths Â
Tablets Â
200 mgÂ
150 mgÂ
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally
The maximum dose is 400 mg
Take the minimum efficient amount for the shortest duration possible
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally
The maximum dose is 400 mg
Take the minimum efficient amount for the shortest duration possible
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally The maximum dose is 400 mg Take the minimum efficient amount for the shortest duration possible
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
Take 200 mg two times a day orally for one week to two weeks
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
Take 200 mg two times a day orally for one week
Familial adenomatous polyposis (Off-label)
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
Safety and efficacy are not establishedÂ
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally
The maximum dose is 400 mg
Take the minimum efficient amount for the shortest duration possible
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally
The maximum dose is 400 mg
Take the minimum efficient amount for the shortest duration possible
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally
The maximum dose is 400 mg
Take the minimum efficient amount for the shortest duration possible
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally
The maximum dose is 400 mg
Take the minimum efficient amount for the shortest duration possible
Take 200 mg two times a day orally for one week to two weeks
Take 200 mg two times a day orally for one week
Familial adenomatous polyposis (Off-label)
Take 150 mg to 200 mg two times a day orally
Dosage forms and strengths Â
Tablets Â
200 mgÂ
150 mgÂ
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
the excretion rate of bisoxatin may be reduced with sulindac
interaction with NSAIDs may lead to increased toxicity such as myelosuppression, renal toxicity, and GI toxicity
interaction with NSAIDs may lead to increased toxicity such as myelosuppression, renal toxicity, and GI toxicity
NSAIDsmay diminish the antihypertensive effect of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
NSAIDsmay diminish the antihypertensive effect of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
NSAIDs May diminish the anti-hypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs May diminish the anti-hypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs May diminish the anti-hypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs May diminish the anti-hypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs May diminish the anti-hypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Nonopiods
When sulindac is used together with bufexamac, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse outcomes
sulindac may lower the excretion rate of abacavir, potentially resulting in a raised serum level
the risk of side effects can be raised when sulindac is used in combination
the risk of bleeding and hemorrhage can be raised when sulindac is used in combination
the risk of side effects can be raised when sulindac is used in combination
sulindac may lower the excretion rate of aclidinium, potentially resulting in a higher serum level
the risk of hypertension can be raised when zolmitriptan is used in combination
there can be risk of hypertension can be raised when sulindac is used in combination
may enhance the toxicity of the other through anti coagulation
may increase the risk or severity of hypertension when combined
may enhance the risk or severity of hypertension when combined
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with opioid agonists
The excretory rate of ancestim may be reduced with sulindac, resulting in higher levels in serum
dimethyl sulfoxide: they may increase the neurotoxic effect of sulindac
an increase in hyperkalemia severity can be seen when sulindac is administered with agmatine
the risk of bleeding and hemorrhage can be raised when sulindac is combined with abciximab
sulindac may lower the antihypertensive activities of acebutolol
the risk of side effects can be raised when sulindac is used in combination
the protein binding of acetohexamide can be lowered when combined with sulindac
the efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid can be lowered when used in combination with sulindac
the risk or severity of gastrointestinal bleeding can be raised when sulindac is used in combination
the risk of hyperkalemia can be raised when sulindac used in combination
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions:Â
Sulindac is employed in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, a form of arthritis impacting the joints in the spine. Additionally, it may be prescribed for alleviating pain associated with shoulder conditions such as bursitis or tendinitis.Â
Spectrum:Â
Sulindac is an NSAID prescribed to address mild to moderate pain and alleviate symptoms associated with arthritis, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, or acute gout, such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain. It’s important to note that this medication does not provide a cure for arthritis, and its effectiveness is contingent upon continuous use.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
Chest pain or heart attack. Symptoms of heart attack can include:Â
chest painÂ
shortness of breathÂ
sweatingÂ
chest tightnessÂ
heartburn/indigestionÂ
fatigueÂ
arm painÂ
Symptoms of stroke:Â
weakness in one part or side of your bodyÂ
High blood pressureÂ
slurred speechÂ
Swelling in your legs and arms, feet and hands, throat, or faceÂ
Stomach painÂ
heartburnÂ
nauseaÂ
diarrheaÂ
constipationÂ
Stomach bleeding and ulcers. Symptoms can include:Â
vomiting bloodÂ
bloody stoolsÂ
black and sticky stoolsÂ
Skin reactions. Symptoms can include:Â
rashÂ
blistersÂ
allergic reactions, such as itchingÂ
Liver problemsÂ
Asthma attacks. Symptoms can include:Â Â
shortness of breathÂ
trouble breathingÂ
Headache Â
DizzinessÂ
Black Box Warning:Â
 Cardiovascular Warning:Â
Gastrointestinal Caution:Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
ContraindicationsÂ
CautionsÂ
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
No data is available regarding the administration of the drug during pregnancy.Â
Breastfeeding warnings:Â Â
No data is available regarding the excretion of drug in breast milk.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category.Â
Pharmacology:Â
Sulindac, classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is utilized to alleviate pain, fever, and inflammation. Similar NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), and nabumetone (Relafen), among others.
These drugs operate by diminishing the levels of prostaglandins, chemicals produced by the body responsible for pain, fever, and inflammation. Sulindac functions by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for prostaglandin synthesis, known as cyclooxygenase, leading to decreased prostaglandin concentrations. Consequently, inflammation, pain, and fever are mitigated. Sulindac received FDA approval in September 1978. Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
CLINORIL (sulindac), classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), demonstrates anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in animal models. The precise mechanism of action, similar to other NSAIDs, is not fully elucidated but may involve the inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The bioavailability is 90%Â
DistributionÂ
Protein-bound is 93%Â
The volume of distribution is N/AÂ
Metabolism Â
It undergoes two significant biotransformations: a reversible reduction to the sulfide metabolite and an irreversible oxidation to the sulfone metabolite. Extensive enterohepatic circulation is observed for sulindac and its sulfide and sulfone metabolites. Existing evidence suggests that the biological activity is associated with the sulfide metabolite. Additionally, side chain hydroxylation and hydration of the double bond take place.Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The half-life is 7.8 hours and 16.4 for its metabolite.Â
The drug is excreted 50% in urine and metabolism through liver is an important pathway.Â
Administration:Â
Take this medication orally, usually twice daily. Consume it with a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) unless your doctor advises otherwise. After taking the medication, avoid lying down for at least 10 minutes. In case of stomach upset, you can take it with food, milk, or an antacid.Â
To minimize the severity of stomach bleeding and other side effects, take the medication at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. Do not increase the dosage or use it more frequently or for a longer period than directed. Â
For specific conditions, such as arthritis, it may take 1-2 weeks of regular use before experiencing the full benefits of the drug. If you are taking this medication on an “as-needed” basis (not on a regular schedule), remember that pain medications are most effective when used at the first signs of pain. Delaying until the pain worsens may result in reduced effectiveness.Â
Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: sulindacÂ
Pronounced: suh-LIN-dakÂ
Why do we use sulindac?Â
Sulindac is an NSAID that is primarily used to reduce pain and inflammation in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. It belongs to the class of NSAIDs, and its main mechanism of action is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, which plays a role in the inflammatory process.
By reducing inflammation and pain, sulindac can help improve the symptoms associated with various arthritis conditions. Additionally, sulindac has been used as a preventive measure against certain types of polyps in the colon and is sometimes prescribed for that purpose.Â
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