Fame and Mortality: Evidence from a Retrospective Analysis of Singers
November 26, 2025
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Brand Name :
Proglycem
Synonyms :
diazoxide
Class :
Glucose Elevating Agents
Brand Name :
Proglycem
Synonyms :
diazoxide
Class :
Glucose Elevating Agents
Dosage forms and strengths Â
oral suspensionÂ
(50mg/mL)Â
The initial oral dosage is 3 mg/kg daily, divided into doses every 8 to 12 hours
Typically, the dose range is between 3 to 8 mg/kg each day
Individuals experiencing refractory hypoglycemia might necessitate elevated dosage levels
Dosage forms and strengthsÂ
oral suspensionÂ
(50mg/mL)Â
Neonate/infant: Initially, 10 mg/kg orally daily divided every 8 hours
Typical dose ranges from 8-15 mg/kg orally daily divided every 8-12 hours
Children: initially 3 mg/kg orally divided every 8 hours
typical dose range is from 3-8 mg/kg orally daily divided every 8-12 hours
Refer adult dosingÂ
diazoxide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
diazoxide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
diazoxide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
diazoxide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
diazoxide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
diazoxide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of thiazides
diazoxide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of thiazides
diazoxide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of thiazides
diazoxide may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of thiazides
diazoxide: they may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with blood viscosity-reducing agents
diazoxide: they may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with blood viscosity-reducing agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood pressure lowering agents
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood pressure lowering agents
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood pressure lowering agents
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood pressure lowering agents
it increases the effect of hypotension of blood pressure lowering agents
diazoxide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
diazoxide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
diazoxide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
diazoxide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
diazoxide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
diazoxide: it may increase the hypotensive activities of phentolamine
The hypotensive effect of diazoxide can be intensified by thiopental
When acarbose is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of acarbose
When acetohexamide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of acetohexamide
When albiglutide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of albiglutide
When alogliptin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of alogliptin
When bexagliflozin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of bexagliflozin
When bromocriptine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of bromocriptine
When canagliflozin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of canagliflozin
When chlorpropamide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of chlorpropamide
When dapagliflozin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of dapagliflozin
When disopyramide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of disopyramide
When dulaglutide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of dulaglutide
When empagliflozin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of empagliflozin
When ertugliflozin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of ertugliflozin
When exenatide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of exenatide
When gliclazide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of gliclazide
When glimepiride is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of glimepiride
When glipizide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of glipizide
When gliquidone is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of gliquidone
When glyburide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of glyburide
When glymidine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of glymidine
When linagliptin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of linagliptin
When liraglutide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of liraglutide
When lixisenatide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of lixisenatide
When mecasermin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of mecasermin
When mifepristone is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of mifepristone
When miglitol is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of miglitol
When aceclofenac is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When acemetacin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When alclofenac is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When aminophenazone is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When antipyrine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When antrafenine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When balsalazide is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When benorilate is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When benoxaprofen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When benzydamine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When bumadizone is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When carprofen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When celecoxib is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When chloroprocaine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
choline magnesium trisalicylateÂ
When choline magnesium trisalicylate is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When dexibuprofen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When diclofenac is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When diflunisal is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When etodolac is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When etoricoxib is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When fenbufen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When fenoprofen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When floctafenine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When flurbiprofen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When glycol salicylate is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When ibuprofen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When icosapent is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When indomethacin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When isoxicam is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When ketorolac is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When loxoprofen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When lumiracoxib is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When meclofenamic acid is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When mefenamic acid is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When meloxicam is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When menthyl salicylate is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When naproxen is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of diazoxide
When acebutolol is used together with diazoxide, this leads to enhanced hypotensive effects of acebutolol
When alfuzosin is used together with diazoxide, this leads to enhanced hypotensive effects of alfuzosin
When acetylsalicylic acid is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When alfentanil is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When almotriptan is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When amitriptyline is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When amoxapine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When amphetamine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When arbutamine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When arformoterol is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When asenapine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When atomoxetine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When atropine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When benzphetamine is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When buspirone is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
When butriptyline is used together with diazoxide, this leads to reduction in diazoxide’s antihypertensive effects
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Action:Â
The action of diazoxide is through its interaction with ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. KATP channels are present in various tissues, including pancreatic beta cells, smooth muscle cells in blood vessels, and cardiac muscle cells. diazoxide binds to these channels, preventing them from closing in response to intracellular ATP levels.Â
Spectrum:Â
Hypertensive Crisis: diazoxide is primarily used to treat hypertensive emergencies or severe hypertension requiring immediate reduction of blood pressure. It works by dilating the blood vessels, which leads to decreased peripheral resistance and a subsequent drop in blood pressure.Â
Hyperinsulinism: diazoxide is also utilized in the management of certain forms of hyperinsulinism, such as persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) or congenital hyperinsulinism. By activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells, diazoxide inhibits insulin release and helps normalize blood glucose levels in these conditions.Â
Frequency not defined Â
TachycardiaÂ
DizzinessÂ
CHFÂ
AnxietyÂ
AnginaÂ
Cardiac arrestÂ
FeverÂ
PolyneuritisÂ
HypotensionÂ
PalpitationÂ
AnorexiaÂ
Abdominal painÂ
ConstipationÂ
Diabetic ketoacidosisÂ
VomitingÂ
DiarrheaÂ
Loss of tasteÂ
NauseaÂ
Black Box Warning:Â Â
None Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â Â
Hypersensitivity: diazoxide should not be used in individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to diazoxide or its components.Â
Coronary artery disease: diazoxide may cause coronary vasodilation, worsening symptoms in individuals with coronary artery disease, angina, or a history of myocardial infarction (heart attack).Â
Acute myocardial infarction: diazoxide is contraindicated in individuals who have recently experienced a heart attack.Â
Pulmonary hypertension: Drug may increase pulmonary artery pressure and should be avoided in individuals with severe pulmonary hypertension.Â
Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides: Drug contains a sulfonamide group, and individuals with a known hypersensitivity to sulfonamide medications should avoid using diazoxide.Â
Pheochromocytoma: Diazoxide should not be used in individuals with pheochromocytoma, a rare adrenal gland tumor that can cause high blood pressure and release of catecholamines.Â
Severe renal impairment: Drug is primarily eliminated through the kidneys, so individuals with severe renal impairment may require dosage adjustments or alternative treatments.Â
Breastfeeding: Drug may pass into breast milk, potentially harming the nursing infant. Therefore, it is generally contraindicated during breastfeeding.Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: CÂ
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:Â Â
diazoxide is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as potassium channel activators. It is primarily used in the management of certain medical conditions, including hypoglycemia, specifically in cases of insulinoma or congenital hyperinsulinism.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â Â
Vasodilation: Drug causes relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the walls of arterioles, leading to vasodilation. This effect reduces peripheral vascular resistance, resulting in decreased blood pressure.Â
Hypotensive effect: Drug reduces systemic vascular resistance and lowers blood pressure by dilating arterioles. Â
Anti-hypoglycemic effect: Drug inhibits the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. It directly activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels in these cells, preventing the influx of calcium ions and subsequent insulin secretion. This property is exploited in managing of certain insulin-secreting tumors and hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism.  Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
diazoxide is available in oral and intravenous (IV) formulations.Â
When taken orally, diazoxide is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.Â
DistributionÂ
diazoxide is highly protein-bound, primarily to plasma albumin.Â
It has a large volume of distribution, indicating extensive tissue distribution.Â
MetabolismÂ
diazoxide is minimally metabolized in the liver.Â
The main metabolic pathway is through conjugation with glucuronic acid.Â
Excretion and EliminationÂ
diazoxide and its metabolites are primarily excreted via the kidneys.Â
The elimination half-life of diazoxide is approximately 16-20 hours.Â
Administration: Â
For hypoglycemia:Â
The usual route of administration for diazoxide in this case is oral, and it is typically given as a tablet or suspension. The prescribing physician will determine the exact dosage and frequency based on the individual’s condition and response to treatment.Â
For hypertension:Â
In these cases, diazoxide is typically administered intravenously (IV) in a hospital setting. The healthcare professional will determine the dosage and infusion rate based on the severity of the hypertension and the individual’s response to treatment.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: diazoxideÂ
Why do we use diazoxide? Â
Hypertensive emergencies: diazoxide is used in the management of hypertensive emergencies, particularly in cases of severe hypertension where immediate reduction of blood pressure is necessary. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles of blood vessels, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.Â
Hypoglycemia: Drug is also used to treat certain types of hypoglycemia, such as insulinoma and hypoglycemia associated with hyperinsulinism. It acts by inhibiting the release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells, thereby preventing further lowering of blood glucose levels.Â
Congenital hyperinsulinism: Drug is commonly prescribed for infants and children with congenital hyperinsulinism, a rare genetic condition characterized by excessive insulin secretion. By inhibiting insulin release, diazoxide helps control blood sugar levels and prevent hypoglycemia.Â
Heart failure: In some cases of heart failure, diazoxide may be used as an adjunctive therapy to improve cardiac function. It promotes relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels, reducing the workload on the heart and enhancing blood flow to the organs.Â
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