Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Keytruda
Synonyms :
Pembrolizumab
Class :
Antineoplastics and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
Brand Name :
Keytruda
Synonyms :
Pembrolizumab
Class :
Antineoplastics and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors
Adult:
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Injectable solution
100mg/4ml-25mg/ml
Malignant Melanoma And Soft Tissue Sarcoma
200
mg
Solution
Intravenous (IV)
every 3 weeks
Continue the treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity
Monotherapy:
200
mg
Intravenous (IV)
every 3 weeks or 400 mg IV every 6 weeks and administer it over 30 minutes; continue the treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity
Adjuvant treatment: 200 mg IV every 3 weeks OR 400 mg IV every 6 weeks and administer it over 30 minutes; continue the treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or up to 12 months
Monotherapy:
200
mg
Intravenous (IV)
every 3 weeks
OR 400 mg Intravenous (IV) every 6 weeks
Pediatric:
Safety and efficacy are not studied
Malignant Melanoma And Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Safety and efficacy are not studied
it may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
may diminish the therapeutic effect of corticosteroids
may decrease the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
it may increase the adverse or toxic effect of thalidomide analogues
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
it may decrease the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with antihyperlipidemic
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with antihyperlipidemic
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with antihyperlipidemic
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with antihyperlipidemic
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with antihyperlipidemic
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
it may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
antibiotics may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
antibiotics may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
antibiotics may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
antibiotics may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
antibiotics may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune Checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune Checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune Checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune Checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune Checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect
amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
may diminish the therapeutic effect
bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
neomycin/polymyxin B/gramicidin ophthalmic
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of acetaminophen
acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
may reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may reduce the therapeutic effect
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined
acetaminophen/doxylamine/dextromethorphan
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined.
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antibiotics
ciprofloxacin inhaled (Pending FDA approval)
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
it increases the effect of ototoxicity of aminoglycosides Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Fluroquinolones
meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect of drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of drug
neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
may diminish the therapeutic effect of drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of drug
Action and spectrum:
Pembrolizumab binds to PD-1 receptor and interacts with the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 on the antigen presenting cells and tumor cells. The interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint and inhibits the immune response and prevent the T cells to attack the cancer cells. Pembrolizumab inhibits PD-1 and allows the T cells to identify and attack the cancer cells more accurately.
Adverse drug reactions:
Frequency defined
>10%
Cardiac arrhythmia
peripheral edema
Pruritus
skin rash
vitiligo
Decreased serum bicarbonate
Hypercalcemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyperthyroidism
Hypertriglyceridemia
Abdominal pain
Constipation
decreased appetite
diarrhea
Hyperbilirubinemia
increased serum alkaline phosphatase
Infection
1-10%
Acute myocardial infarction
cardiac tamponade
ischemic heart disease
myocarditis
ericardial effusion
herpes zoster infection
Black Box Warning:
Pembrolizumab does not have any black box warning because of the mechanism of improving the immune responses.
Contraindications/caution:
There is not any contraindications which is reported by FDA. It is necessary to take cautions because of the risk of severe immune mediated adverse reactions. It occurs because pembrolizumab activate the immune system and can kill the healthy cells along with the cancer cells.
Pregnancy/Lactation:
Pregnancy warnings:
Breastfeeding warnings:
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A: Satisfactory and well-controlled studies show no risk to the fetus in the first trimester or the later trimester.
Category B: No evidence shown of risk to the fetus found in animal reproduction studies, and there are not enough studies on pregnant women
Category C: Adverse effects on the fetus found with evidence in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence for a result in humans must take care of potential risks in pregnant women
Category D: There is adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
Pharmacodynamics:
Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) which binds to the PD-1 receptors on the T cells. It blocks the interaction between the PD-1 and PD-L1 and PD-L2 and over produced in the tumor cells. Pembrolizumab promotes the activations and proliferation of T cells and activate the immune response against the tumor cells.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption:
Pembrolizumab is administered by IV infusion. It goes to the peak plasma levels at the end of infusion.
Distribution:
The volume of distribution is about 7.7 L. It may differ depends on the presence of the tumor or immune system mediated disease.
Metabolism:
Pembrolizumab is mainly metabolized by the proteolytic enzymes in the body. It does not go for the hepatic metabolism.
Elimination:
The ½ life of pembrolizumab is about 26 days and needs few administration. The elimination is mainly by the reticuloendothelial system. The normal rate of clearance is about 0.2 L per day.
Administration:
Pembrolizumab is mainly administered for every 3 weeks in the dosage of 200 mg or for every 6 weeks in the dosage of 400 mg depending on the particular indications and factors of the patient.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: pembrolizumab
Why do we use pembrolizumab?
Pembrolizumab is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.
It is used to treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
It is used as a first-line treatment for adult patients with advanced or metastatic Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy.
It is used to treat in combination with fluorouracil and platinum-based chemotherapy as a first-line treatment with metastatic or recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer.
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