Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
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Brand Name :
Moduretic
Synonyms :
amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
Class :
Potassium sparing diuretics with thiazides
Brand Name :
Moduretic
Synonyms :
amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
Class :
Potassium sparing diuretics with thiazides
Dosage Forms & Strengths
amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
tablet
5mg/50mg
5-10 mg/50-100 mg amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide orally every day
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
5-10 mg/50-100 mg amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide orally every day
Half tablet or one tablet per day initially.
Half to 1 tablet orally daily
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Half to 1 tablet orally daily
may diminish the absorption of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of potassium salts
may diminish the excretion when combined with lithium
may diminish the excretion when combined with lithium
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may diminish the excretion when combined with lithium
may diminish the excretion when combined with lithium
may enhance the potassium levels in the blood when combined with sparsentan.
may diminish the absorption when combined with thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may diminish the excretion of thiazide diuretics
may diminish the excretion of thiazide diuretics
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics
May enhance the toxic effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
may decrease the absorption when combined with thiazide diuretics
may increase the sensitivity to pressor effects
may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when used in combination
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of ACE Inhibitors
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
may diminish the therapeutic effect
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Diuretics
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased neuromuscular-blocking effect when combined with neuromuscular-blocking agents
may have an increased neuromuscular-blocking effect when combined with neuromuscular-blocking agents
may have an increased neuromuscular-blocking effect when combined with neuromuscular-blocking agents
may have an increased neuromuscular-blocking effect when combined with neuromuscular-blocking agents
may have an increased neuromuscular-blocking effect when combined with neuromuscular-blocking agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may enhance the serum concentration of anticholinergic agents
may enhance the serum concentration of anticholinergic agents
may enhance the serum concentration of anticholinergic agents
may enhance the serum concentration of anticholinergic agents
may enhance the serum concentration of anticholinergic agents
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
may have an increased hypercalcemic effect when combined with vitamin D analogs
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cardiac glycosides
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cardiac glycosides
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cardiac glycosides
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may diminish the excretion when combined with calcium salts
antihypertensive actions of potassium-sparing diuretics can be reduced with combined NSAIDs
antihypertensive actions of potassium-sparing diuretics can be reduced with combined NSAIDs
antihypertensive actions of potassium-sparing diuretics can be reduced with combined NSAIDs
antihypertensive actions of potassium-sparing diuretics can be reduced with combined NSAIDs
antihypertensive actions of potassium-sparing diuretics can be reduced with combined NSAIDs
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
may have an increased nephrotoxic effect when combined with sodium phosphates
may have an increased nephrotoxic effect when combined with sodium phosphates
may have an increased nephrotoxic effect when combined with sodium phosphates
may have an increased nephrotoxic effect when combined with sodium phosphates
may have an increased nephrotoxic effect when combined with sodium phosphates
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of diuretics
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of diuretics
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of diuretics
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of diuretics
may increase the toxicity of the drug by decreasing the renal clearance
may increase the toxicity of the drug by decreasing the renal clearance
may increase the toxicity of the drug by decreasing the renal clearance
may increase the toxicity of the drug by decreasing the renal clearance
may increase the toxicity of the drug by decreasing the renal clearance
may have an increased hypercalcemic effect when combined with vitamin D analogs
may decrease the anti-hypertensive effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
may increase the hyperkalemic effect when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of Opioid Agonists
drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolateÂ
may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Drospirenone-Containing Products
buprenorphine,long-acting injectionÂ
may increase the adverse/toxic effect of Opioid Agonists
polyethylene glycol and electrolytesÂ
They may increase the nephrotoxic effect when combined with polyethylene Glycol-electrolyte Solution
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antidiabetic Agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect of Antidiabetic Agents
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
it increases the concentration of thiazide and its diuretics in the serum
it increases the concentration of thiazide and its diuretics in the serum
it increases the concentration of thiazide and its diuretics in the serum
it increases the concentration of thiazide and its diuretics in the serum
it increases the concentration of thiazide and its diuretics in the serum
diacerein: they may increase the therapeutic effect when combined with diuretics
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of potassium-sparing diuretics
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of potassium-sparing diuretics
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of potassium-sparing diuretics
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of potassium-sparing diuretics
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: they may increase the hyperkalemic effect of potassium-sparing diuretics
may enhance the hyperkalemic effect
may enhance the hyperkalemic effect
may enhance the hyperkalemic effect
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Dopamine agonists
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Dopamine agonists
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Dopamine agonists
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Dopamine agonists
it may enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity when combined with Dopamine agonists
acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
It may enhance the risk of bleeding when combined with Decongestants
brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
It may enhance the risk of bleeding when combined with Decongestants
It may enhance the risk of bleeding when combined with Decongestants
it increases the effect of hypokalemia of thiazide and other diuretics
mu-opioid receptor agonists: they may increase the toxic effect of diuretics
mu-opioid receptor agonists: they may increase the toxic effect of diuretics
It may enhance the risk of adverse reactions when combined with Potassium
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thiazide diuretics
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thiazide diuretics
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thiazide diuretics
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thiazide diuretics
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thiazide diuretics
may diminish the calcium salts excretion
may diminish the calcium salts excretion
may diminish the calcium salts excretion
may diminish the calcium salts excretion
may diminish the calcium salts excretion
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with thiazide diuretics
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics
may have an increased hyperkalemic effect when combined with potassium-sparing diuretics
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect of thiazide diuretics
may diminish the excretion when combined with thiazide diuretics
may diminish the excretion when combined with thiazide diuretics
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when combined
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when combined
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when combined
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when combined
may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of each other when combined
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may diminish the excretion of thiazide diuretics
may diminish the excretion of thiazide diuretics
may diminish the excretion of thiazide diuretics
may diminish the excretion of thiazide diuretics
may diminish the excretion of thiazide diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may increase the hypokalemic effect when combined with diuretics
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with thiazide diuretics
Actions and spectrum:
amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide is a combination medication that consists of two active ingredients: amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide.
amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by reducing the amount of sodium and water reabsorbed by the kidneys while increasing the excretion of potassium in the urine. This results in an increase in urine output, which helps to reduce excess fluid in the body, as well as a decrease in the amount of potassium lost in the urine.
hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys, resulting in an increase in urine output and a reduction in the amount of fluid in the body. hydrochlorothiazide also helps to lower blood pressure by decreasing the volume of blood in the circulatory system.
Frequency defined:
1-10%
Amiloride
Impotence (<3%)
Abdominal pain (<3%)
Appetite changes (<3%)
Cough (<3%)
Dyspnea (<3%)
Fatigue (<3%)
Gas pain (<3%)
Muscle cramps (<3%)
Constipation (<3%)
Dizziness (<3%)
Encephalopathy (<3%)
Weakness (<3%)
Diarrhea (3-8%)
Nausea (3-8%)
Headache (3-8%)
Vomiting (3-8%)
Hyperkalemia (10%)
Frequency Not Defined
Hydrochlorothiazide
Anorexia
Hypotension
Photosensitivity
Anemia
Erythema multiforme
Exfoliative dermatitis
Hypokalemia
Headache
Epigastric distress
Orthostatic hypotension
Anaphylaxis
Confusion
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Dizziness
Hyperuricemia
Black Box Warning
The black box warning for amiloride concerns the risk of hyperkalemia, which is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. Patients with kidney disease or other conditions that can affect the body’s ability to eliminate potassium are at particular risk of developing hyperkalemia while taking amiloride.
The black box warning for hydrochlorothiazide concerns the risk of fetal toxicity if the medication is taken during pregnancy. Hydrochlorothiazide can cross the placenta and has been associated with fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, including hypotension, neonatal thrombocytopenia, and renal dysfunction.
Contraindication /Caution
Contraindication
Caution
comorbidities
Pregnancy consideration: pregnancy category B
Lactation: safety and efficacy not establishedÂ
Pregnancy category:
Pharmacology
amiloride is an epithelial sodium channel blocker that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the collecting tubules of the kidney, leading to increased excretion of sodium and water and retention of potassium. hydrochlorothiazide works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubule, which also leads to increased excretion of water and potassium.
Pharmacodynamics
amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking sodium channels in the renal tubules, thereby preventing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. This action helps to maintain potassium levels in the body, which can be depleted by other diuretics. hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that acts by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. By increasing the amount of sodium and water excreted in the urine, hydrochlorothiazide helps to decrease the fluid in the blood vessels, which can help to lower blood pressure.
Pharmacokinetics
amiloride is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 4 hours. It is not metabolized and is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine. hydrochlorothiazide is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 1-2 hours. It is not metabolized and is primarily eliminated in the urine.
Administration
amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide is available in tablet form and is taken orally with or without food. The medication should take at the same time every day to maintain consistent levels in the blood. The dose of amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide will depend on the individual’s condition and response to treatment.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride
Pronounced: (hy-dro-klor-oh-THI-a-zide-and-a-MIL-o-ride )
Why do we use hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride?
amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure and edema (fluid retention) in the body caused by various conditions such as congestive heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. It works by increasing the amount of urine produced and eliminating excess water and salt from the body. It is also used to treat low levels of potassium in the blood.
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