Long COVID Patterns in the RECOVER-Adult Study
November 21, 2025
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Brand Name :
diflucan
Synonyms :
fluconazole, fluconazol
Class :
Antifungal
Brand Name :
diflucan
Synonyms :
fluconazole, fluconazol
Class :
Antifungal
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Injection
2mg/ml
Oral suspension
10mg/ml
40mg/ml
Tablet
50mg
100mg
150mg
200mg
Oesophageal candidiasis
200mg orally on day 1, then 100mg every day
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
200mg orally on day 1, then 100mg every day
Prophylaxis of candidiasis with bone marrow transplantation
400mg orally every day
Complicated:150mg orally every 72 hours for three doses
Uncomplicated:150mg orally as a single dose
Recurrent:150mg orally every day for 10-14 days followed by 150mg weekly once for six months
Indicated for candida UTI/peritonitis:
50-200mg orally every day
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Injection
2mg/ml
Oral suspension
10mg/ml
40mg/ml
Tablet
50mg
100mg
150mg
200mg
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
6mg/kg orally on day 1, then 3mg/kg daily
Do not exceed 600mg/day
Oesophageal candidiasis
6mg/kg orally on day 1, then 3mg/kg daily
Do not exceed 600mg/day
Systemic candida infections
6-12mg/kg/day orally or intravenously. Do not exceed 600mg/day
Indicated for Cryptococcal meningitis
:
12mg/kg/day orally or intravenous on Day 1, then 6mg/kg every day
Children with AIDS: 6mg/kg daily once
Premature neonates
26-29 weeks gestation: 6-12mg/kg/day orally or intravenous
Maintenance dose: 3-6mg/kg/day orally or intravenous
Refer adult dosing
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2C9 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
It may enhance QTc interval when combined with erythromycin stearate
fluconazole: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging agents
fluconazole: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging agents
fluconazole: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging agents
fluconazole: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging agents
fluconazole: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging agents
dihydroartemisinin/piperaquineÂ
combination of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine with fluconazole will have QTc prolongation
dasatinib may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with QT-prolonging agents
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with doxepin-containing products
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
It may enhance QTc interval when combined with pentamidine
rifampin: they may diminish the serum concentration of fluconazole
dronedarone: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging miscellaneous agents
gilteritinib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging agents
halofantrine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
osimertinib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
pentamidine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
chloroquine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
dasatinib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
methadone: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
QTc prolonging effect of azithromycin is increased with QT-prolonging class III Antiarrhythmics
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
QTc interval is increased both by lenvatinib and fluconazole
fluconazole increases the effect of entrectinib by altering the intestinal or hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
fluconazole increases the effect of encorafenib by altering the intestinal or hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
may increase the QTc interval when combined
may enhance the serum concentration
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with levoketoconazole
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with nilotinib
May increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-prolonging Agents
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with QT-prolonging agents
pazopanib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
quetiapine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
ribociclib: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
the QTc-prolonging effect of clarithromycin can be increased with QT-prolonging agents
QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of anti-arrhythmics
QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of anti-arrhythmics
QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of anti-arrhythmics
QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of anti-arrhythmics
QT-prolonging Miscellaneous Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of anti-arrhythmics
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
it increases the concentration of tretinoin in serum
when ajmaline is used together with fluconazole, the risk or seriousness of QTc prolongation is enhanced
When dexrabeprazole and fluconazole is used together, this leads to reduction in the dexrabeprazole’s metabolism
fluconazole leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of nitric oxide, which leads to an increased level of serum
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased level of serum concentration of etoposide   
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased metabolism of vincristine  
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased risk or severity of QTC prolongation  
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased level or effect of romidepsin by affecting hepatic or intestinal enzyme cyp3a4 metabolism  
increases serum level of cabazitaxel by affecting the enzyme CYP3A4
osimertinib and fluconazole, when used simultaneously, increase the QTc interval
QT-prolonging Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of haloperidol
relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindroneÂ
it decreases by affecting the hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
QT-prolongers increase the effect of QTc-prolongation of haloperidol
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
they increase the risk of other QT prolongers
may increase the QTc prolonging effect of QT-prolonging agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with QT-prolonging agents
When abiraterone is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the abiraterone metabolism
When abrocitinib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the abrocitinib metabolism
When acalabrutinib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the acalabrutinib metabolism
When acetaminophen is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the acetaminophen metabolism
When acetylsalicylic acid is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the acetylsalicylic acid metabolism
When adagrasib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the adagrasib metabolism
When albendazole is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the albendazole metabolism
When alectinib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the alectinib metabolism
When alfuzosin is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the alfuzosin metabolism
When aliskiren is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the aliskiren metabolism
When almotriptan is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the almotriptan metabolism
When alosetron is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the alosetron metabolism
When alpelisib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the alpelisib metabolism
When alprazolam is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the alprazolam metabolism
When ambrisentan is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the ambrisentan metabolism
When ambroxol is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the ambroxol metabolism
When aminophenazone is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the aminophenazone metabolism
When aminophylline is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the aminophylline metabolism
When amiodarone is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the amiodarone metabolism
When amlodipine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the amlodipine metabolism
When amprenavir is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the amprenavir metabolism
When antipyrine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the antipyrine metabolism
When apalutamide is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the apalutamide metabolism
When apixaban is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the apixaban metabolism
When apremilast is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the apremilast metabolism
When aprepitant is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the aprepitant metabolism
When arformoterol is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the arformoterol metabolism
When aripiprazole is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the aripiprazole metabolism
When artemether is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the artemether metabolism
When asciminib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the asciminib metabolism
When asenapine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the asenapine metabolism
When astemizole is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the astemizole metabolism
When asunaprevir is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the asunaprevir metabolism
When atazanavir is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the atazanavir metabolism
When atogepant is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the atogepant metabolism
When atorvastatin is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the atorvastatin metabolism
When atovaquone is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the atovaquone metabolism
When avacopan is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the avacopan metabolism
When avapritinib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the avapritinib metabolism
When azelastine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the azelastine metabolism
When baricitinib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the baricitinib metabolism
When bedaquiline is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bedaquiline metabolism
When belumosudil is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the belumosudil metabolism
When benzocaine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the benzocaine metabolism
When benzphetamine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the benzphetamine metabolism
When bepridil is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bepridil metabolism
When bexarotene is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bexarotene metabolism
When bezafibrate is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bezafibrate metabolism
When bicalutamide is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bicalutamide metabolism
When bictegravir is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bictegravir metabolism
When bisoprolol is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bisoprolol metabolism
When boceprevir is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the boceprevir metabolism
When bosentan is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bosentan metabolism
When brexpiprazole is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the brexpiprazole metabolism
When brigatinib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the brigatinib metabolism
When brivaracetam is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the brivaracetam metabolism
When budesonide is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the budesonide metabolism
When bupivacaine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bupivacaine metabolism
When buprenorphine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the buprenorphine metabolism
When bupropion is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bupropion metabolism
When buspirone is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the buspirone metabolism
When busulfan is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the busulfan metabolism
When cabazitaxel is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the cabazitaxel metabolism
When cabozantinib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the cabozantinib metabolism
When calcitriol is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the calcitriol metabolism
When cannabidiol is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the cannabidiol metabolism
When capecitabine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the capecitabine metabolism
When capmatinib is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the capmatinib metabolism
When carbamazepine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the carbamazepine metabolism
When cariprazine is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the cariprazine metabolism
When carisoprodol is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the abiraterone metabolism
certoparin: it may increase the risk or severity of QTc prolongation
benoxaprofen: it may increase the risk or severity of QTc prolongation agents
cabozantinib: it may increase the risk or severity of QTc prolongation agents
Mechanism of action
It is a triazole antifungal drug that inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. This leads to a reduction in fungal cell membrane permeability, causing fungal cell death.
Spectrum
It has a broad spectrum of activity against various fungal species, including Candida and Cryptococcus, making it effective against a wide range of fungal infections, including thrush, esophageal candidiasis, and systemic candidiasis.
Frequency defined:
>10%
headache
1-10%
Abdominal pain
Rash
Nausea
Diarrhea
vomiting
Frequency undefined
Anaphylactic reaction
Cholestasis
Dyspnea
Hepatitis
Hypokalemia
Increased ALT/AST
Leukopenia
Seizures
Taste perversion
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
QT prolongation
Alopecia
Angioedema
Dizziness
Hepatic failure
Contraindications
Caution
Pregnancy consideration: It may be harmful to a developing fetus and should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is known
Pregnancy category:
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology
It is a highly selective inhibitor of the fungal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase. This inhibition leads to the loss of normal sterols in fungi, which results in the accumulation of 14 alpha-methyl sterols. This accumulation is thought to be responsible for the fungistatic (stops fungal growth) activity of fluconazole. By blocking the growth of fungi, fluconazole helps treat various fungal infections, including yeast infections, thrush, and other fungal skin infections.
Pharmacodynamics
It specifically targets the cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes. By blocking the production of ergosterol, fluconazole disrupts the fungal cell membrane and leads to fungal cell death.
In addition to its fungistatic effect, fluconazole also has a long half-life, which allows for once-daily dosing and higher levels of drug exposure in the body. This increased exposure helps to achieve and maintain therapeutic levels of the drug in the bloodstream, which is essential for the effective treatment of fungal infections.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
It is well absorbed with oral bioavailability of over 90%. It reaches peak plasma levels in 1-2 hours after oral administration.
Distribution
It is widely distributed in the body with good penetration into various tissues and fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), eye, peritoneal fluid, sputum, urine, and skin. It is only 11-12% protein bound in the blood.
Metabolism
It undergoes some liver metabolism, partially inhibited by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4
Elimination/excretion
The half-life of fluconazole is 30 hours, with a range of 20-50 hours, and it is slightly longer in the elderly. Excretion is mainly through the urine, with 80% excreted as an unchanged drug and 11% as metabolites.
Administration
Intravenous administration
Storage
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: fluconazole
Pronounced: [ floo-KOE-na-zole ]
Why do we use fluconazole?
It is a medication used to treat various fungal infections, including:
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