Fame and Mortality: Evidence from a Retrospective Analysis of Singers
November 26, 2025
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Brand Name :
Mellaril
Synonyms :
thioridazine
Class :
Antipsychotics, Phenothiazine
Brand Name :
Mellaril
Synonyms :
thioridazine
Class :
Antipsychotics, Phenothiazine
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
tabletÂ
100mgÂ
50mgÂ
25mgÂ
10mgÂ
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
tabletÂ
100mgÂ
50mgÂ
25mgÂ
10mgÂ
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Start with a lower dosage and may titrate to the effect (monitor)Â
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thioridazine
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thioridazine
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thioridazine
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thioridazine
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with thioridazine
It may enhance QTc interval when combined with lithium
the efficacy of Dopamine agonists will be decreased when Antipsychotic Agents are used in combination
the efficacy of Dopamine agonists will be decreased when Antipsychotic Agents are used in combination
the efficacy of Dopamine agonists will be decreased when Antipsychotic Agents are used in combination
the efficacy of Dopamine agonists will be decreased when Antipsychotic Agents are used in combination
the efficacy of Dopamine agonists will be decreased when Antipsychotic Agents are used in combination
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
thioridazine and gilteritinib, when used in combination, increase the QTc interval
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increase in the QTC interval
CNS depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of methotrimeprazine
may decrease the therapeutic effect of anti-Parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
thioridazine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
thioridazine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
thioridazine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
thioridazine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
thioridazine: they may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-prolonging Agents
fluoxetine increases the concentration of thioridazine in the serum
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
antipsychotic agents increase the effect of arrhythmia of saquinavir
Could potentially reduce the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic agents
The potential for increased toxicity of Sulpiride could be amplified by the presence of antipsychotic agents
tiopronin: they may increase the toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
antipsychotic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the therapeutic effect of anti-Parkinson drugs
may reduce the therapeutic effect of anti-Parkinson drugs
may reduce the therapeutic effect of anti-Parkinson drugs
may reduce the therapeutic effect of anti-Parkinson drugs
may reduce the therapeutic effect of anti-Parkinson drugs
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with QT-prolonging antipsychotics
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with QT-prolonging antipsychotics
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with QT-prolonging antipsychotics
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with QT-prolonging antipsychotics
may have an increased QTc-prolonging effect when combined with QT-prolonging antipsychotics
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
it may increase the neurotoxic effect of antipsychotic agents
seizure lowering agents increase the toxic or adverse effects of other antipsychotic agents
seizure lowering agents increase the toxic or adverse effects of other antipsychotic agents
seizure lowering agents increase the toxic or adverse effects of other antipsychotic agents
it may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
it may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
it may increase the risk of adverse effects of antipsychotic agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic agents
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
CNS depressants increase the CNS depressing effect of brexanolone
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of antihypertensives
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with dexmethylphenidate
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of QT-Prolonging Inhalational Anesthetics
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agent
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
The Therapeutic efficacy of quinagolide might be reduced
Could potentially amplify the toxicity of antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
lithium: they may increase the neurotoxic effect of antipsychotic agents
mianserin: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
CYP2D6 inhibitors increase the concentration of thioridazine in serum
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the effect of suvorexant
Actions and spectrum:Â
thioridazine is an antipsychotic medication that belongs to the class of phenothiazines.
It works by blocking the dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce the symptoms of psychosis, including hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. thioridazine also has a sedative effect, which can help to calm agitated or anxious individuals.Â
thioridazine is effective in treating a range of psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It may also be used to manage severe behavioral problems in children, such as aggression and hyperactivity.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
NMS (infrequent but serious)Â
Anticholinergic effectsÂ
Oligomenorrhea/amenorrheaÂ
InsomniaÂ
AnxietyÂ
AgitationÂ
WeaknessÂ
Cerebral edemaÂ
Orthostatic hypotensionÂ
DizzinessÂ
AnorexiaÂ
ConstipationÂ
Blood dyscrasiaÂ
PhotosensitivityÂ
DiarrheaÂ
Ejaculatory disorderÂ
Priapism (rare)Â
EPS (dystonia, muscle stiffness, parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia) (60%)Â
SedationÂ
Weight gainÂ
Erectile dysfunctionÂ
RestlessnessÂ
EuphoriaÂ
DepressionÂ
HeadacheÂ
PoikilothermiaÂ
TachycardiaÂ
Lens opacities (prolonged use)Â
DyspepsiaÂ
IleusÂ
ECG changesÂ
PruritisÂ
GalactorrheaÂ
Seizure (rare)Â
Cholestatic jaundice (rare)Â
Black Box Warning:Â
thioridazine has a black box warning for increased risk of mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis. This warning is also applicable to other antipsychotic drugs.
The use of thioridazine is also contraindicated in patients with a history of QT prolongation, including congenital long QT syndrome, a history of cardiac arrhythmias, recent acute myocardial infarction, uncompensated heart failure, or ongoing cardiac dysrhythmias.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindication:Â
Caution:Â
Comorbidities:Â
thioridazine is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It is generally not recommended in patients with heart disease or arrhythmias, as it can cause QT prolongation and increase the risk of torsades de pointes, a potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia. thioridazine should also be used with caution in patients with a history of seizures, liver disease, or kidney disease, as the medication may exacerbate these conditions. In addition, thioridazine should be used with caution in elderly patients, as they may be more susceptible to the medication’s side effects.Â
Pregnancy consideration: US FDA pregnancy category: Not assignedÂ
Lactation: safety and efficacy not established Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Pharmacology:Â
thioridazine is an antipsychotic medication that acts by blocking the dopamine receptors in the brain. It also exhibits anticholinergic, antiadrenergic, and weak serotonin receptor-blocking properties.Â
thioridazine undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, mainly CYP2D6, and is converted to its active metabolites, mesoridazine, and sulforidazine. These metabolites have a longer half-life than thioridazine and exhibit antipsychotic activity.Â
The exact mechanism of action of thioridazine is not known, but it is related to its antagonism of dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways of the brain. This results in a decrease in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia like delusions and hallucinations.Â
thioridazine also exhibits some affinity for histamine H1 receptors, which can lead to sedation and weight gain. Its anticholinergic activity may contribute to dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
thioridazine is a typical antipsychotic agent that exerts its pharmacological effects by blocking postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors in the mesolimbic and mesocortical areas of the brain.Â
It also blocks several other receptors, including serotonin (5-HT2A, 5-HT2C), histamine (H1), and alpha-adrenergic receptors, which contribute to its sedative and anticholinergic effects.Â
The blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway is responsible for the extrapyramidal side effects associated with thioridazine use. The drug also has weak antimuscarinic activity, which contributes to its anticholinergic effects, such as dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.Â
thioridazine has a relatively slow onset of action and a long duration of action, with a half-life of approximately 10-20 hours. It is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by CYP2D6, and is eliminated primarily in the feces. Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
thioridazine is well absorbed orally but undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, resulting in low bioavailability.Â
DistributionÂ
thioridazine has a large volume of distribution and is highly protein-bound.Â
MetabolismÂ
thioridazine is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by the CYP2D6 enzyme, to active metabolites such as mesoridazine. It also inhibits the activity of CYP2D6, which can lead to drug interactions with other medications metabolized by this enzyme.Â
Elimination and excretionÂ
thioridazine and its metabolites are primarily eliminated via the feces, with a smaller fraction eliminated in the urine. The elimination half-life of thioridazine is approximately 10-20 hours, while the half-life of its metabolite mesoridazine is longer at approximately 30-40 hours.Â
Administration:Â
thioridazine is available in the form of tablets and oral solutions for oral administration. It can also be administered via intramuscular injection. The dosage of thioridazine depends on the patient’s age, weight, medical condition, and response to treatment.
It is usually taken 2 to 4 times daily with or without food. The tablets should be administered whole with a glass of water and should not be crushed, chewed or broken. The oral solution should be measured with a dose-measuring spoon or cup, which can be obtained from a pharmacist.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: thioridazineÂ
Pronounced: [ THYE-oh-RID-a-zeen ]Â Â
Why do we use thioridazine?Â
thioridazine is a medication that has been used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It is also used off-label to manage symptoms of other conditions, such as anxiety and depression. thioridazine has also been used in the treatment of severe nausea and vomiting, as well as in the management of stuttering.Â
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