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Brand Name :
Levatol
Synonyms :
penbutolol
Class :
Antihypertensive agents, Beta-Blockers, Nonselective
Brand Name :
Levatol
Synonyms :
penbutolol
Class :
Antihypertensive agents, Beta-Blockers, Nonselective
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Tablet
20mg
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
10
mg
Tablet
Orally
every day
; may be increased up to 10-40mg and it is effective after 2 weeks
Do not exceed 80mg a day
Safety and efficacy not established
Refer adult dosing
Beta-Blockers decrease the effect of bronchiodilation of Beta2-Agonists
Beta-Blockers decrease the effect of bronchiodilation of Beta2-Agonists
Beta-Blockers decrease the effect of bronchiodilation of Beta2-Agonists
Beta-Blockers decrease the effect of bronchiodilation of Beta2-Agonists
Beta-Blockers decrease the effect of bronchiodilation of Beta2-Agonists
may increase the AV blocking effect of alpha2 agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
it increases the effect of bradycardia of Beta-Blockers
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic Agents
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic Agents
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic Agents
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic Agents
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic Agents
may enhance the orthostatic hypotensive effect of alpha1-blockers
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may enhance the orthostatic hypotensive effect of alpha1-blockers
may enhance the orthostatic hypotensive effect of alpha1-blockers
may enhance the orthostatic hypotensive effect of alpha1-blockers
may enhance the orthostatic hypotensive effect of alpha1-blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists
may increase the effect of alpha1-blockers
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may increase the effect of alpha1-blockers
may increase the effect of alpha1-blockers
may increase the effect of alpha1-blockers
may increase the effect of alpha1-blockers
may increase the effect of antidiabetic agents
may increase the effect of antidiabetic agents
may increase the effect of antidiabetic agents
may increase the effect of antidiabetic agents
may increase the effect of antidiabetic agents
may increase the effect of ergot derivatives
may increase the effect of ergot derivatives
may increase the effect of ergot derivatives
may increase the effect of ergot derivatives
may increase the effect of ergot derivatives
may enhance the effect of sulfonylureas
may enhance the effect of sulfonylureas
may enhance the effect of sulfonylureas
may enhance the effect of sulfonylureas
may enhance the effect of sulfonylureas
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with CYP1A2 inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with CYP1A2 inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with CYP1A2 inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with CYP1A2 inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with CYP1A2 inhibitors
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may diminish the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may diminish the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may diminish the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
Beta-blockers increase the concentration of bupivacaine in the serum
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypertension on epinephrine
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of vasoconstriction of ergot derivatives
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of vasoconstriction of ergot derivatives
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of vasoconstriction of ergot derivatives
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of vasoconstriction of ergot derivatives
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of vasoconstriction of ergot derivatives
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may increase the bradycardic effect
may enhance the AV-blocking effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the AV-blocking effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the AV-blocking effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the AV-blocking effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the AV-blocking effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may reduce the antihypertensive effect
may reduce the antihypertensive effect
may reduce the antihypertensive effect
may reduce the antihypertensive effect
may reduce the antihypertensive effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the bradycardic effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
may reduce the bronchodilatory effect
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Proton pump inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Proton pump inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Proton pump inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Proton pump inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Proton pump inhibitors
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
when both the drugs are combined, carmustine may decrease the renal secretion of penbutolol and increases the serum levels
Action and Spectrum:
The action of penbutolol is primarily on the beta-1 receptors in the heart, which decreases the heart rate and the force of heart contractions. It also has some effect on the beta-2 receptors, which can cause relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways, blood vessels, and uterus.
The spectrum of penbutolol is relatively narrow, meaning it is most effective in treating conditions that involve the heart and blood vessels. It may not be effective for treating conditions that involve other organ systems or areas of the body.
Frequency Not Defined
Fatigue
Depression
Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
Decrease HDL
Aggravate CHF
May increase triglyceride levels
Bronchospasm
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Decreased exercise tolerance
Black Box Warning:
The black box warning for penbutolol relates to its use in patients with certain heart conditions, particularly those with heart failure.
Contraindication / Caution:
Pregnancy warnings:
Pregnancy category: C
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.
Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
penbutolol is a beta-blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina (chest pain), and other cardiovascular conditions. It works by blocking the effects of adrenaline and other stress hormones on the heart, reducing the workload on the heart and lowering blood pressure.
Pharmacodynamics:
Mechanism of action:
penbutolol is a non-selective beta-blocker, meaning it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. By blocking these receptors, penbutolol reduces the effects of sympathetic nervous system activity, which can cause an increase in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
penbutolol is well absorbed after oral administration and reaches peak blood levels within 1-2 hours.
Distribution
penbutolol is widely distributed throughout the body, including the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys. It crosses the blood-brain barrier, but only to a limited extent.
Metabolism
penbutolol is metabolized primarily by the liver, with a half-life of about 4-6 hours.
Elimination and Excretion
The metabolites are excreted in the urine and feces.
Administration:
penbutolol is a beta-blocker medication that is typically used to treat high blood pressure and other heart-related conditions. The administration of penbutolol should always be done under the guidance and supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
The dosage of penbutolol can vary depending on a number of factors, such as the patient’s age, medical condition, and response to treatment. Generally, the medication is taken orally once a day, with or without food. It is important to take penbutolol regularly to achieve the best results.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: penbutolol
Why do we use penbutolol?
penbutolol is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called beta-blockers. It is primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and other cardiovascular conditions such as arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) and congestive heart failure.
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