Performance Comparison of Microfluidic and Immunomagnetic Platforms for Pancreatic CTC Enrichment
November 15, 2025
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Brand Name :
Kerlone (DSC)
Synonyms :
betaxolol
Class :
Beta blockers, Beta-1 selective
Brand Name :
Kerlone (DSC)
Synonyms :
betaxolol
Class :
Beta blockers, Beta-1 selective
Dosage forms and strengthsÂ
tabletÂ
(10mg)Â
(20mg)Â
5 mg orally every Day may be gradually increased every two weeks, The maximum dosage is 20 mg
Dosage forms and strengthsÂ
Tablet Â
10 mgÂ
20 mgÂ
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with siponimod
may have an increased AV-blocking effect when combined with beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
beta-blockers may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of ergot derivatives
beta-blockers may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of ergot derivatives
beta-blockers may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of ergot derivatives
beta-blockers may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of ergot derivatives
beta-blockers may enhance the vasoconstricting effect of ergot derivatives
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
it increases the effect of hypoglycemia of antidiabetic agents
it increases the effect of hypoglycemia of antidiabetic agents
it increases the effect of hypoglycemia of antidiabetic agents
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased vasoconstricting effect when combined with ergot derivatives
may have an increased vasoconstricting effect when combined with ergot derivatives
may have an increased vasoconstricting effect when combined with ergot derivatives
Combining tegafur with betaxolol can reduce tegafur’s metabolism
When domeperidone and betaxolol is used together, this leads to reduction in the domeperidone’s metabolism
When betaxolol is used together with somatotropin, this leads to a rise in betaxolol’s metabolism
When ponesimod is used together with betaxolol, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of bradycardia
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with cannabis
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with cannabis
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
When indisulam is used together with betaxolol, this leads to a reduction in betaxolol metabolism
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
betaxolol polmacoxib may diminish the antihypertensive activities of betaxolol
betaxolol: it may decrease the metabolism of piperazine
betaxolol: it may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of caroverine
there is a additive effect when beta-adrenergic blockers are combined with antiglaucoma agents
betaxolol may heighten the arrhythmogenic activities of digitoxin
it may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers 
it may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
it may increase the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers
it may increase the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
amiodarone may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
it enhances the serum potassium levels
may decrease the levels of serum potassium
may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterolÂ
it diminishes the serum potassium levels
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
it increases the effect of bradycardia of Beta-Blockers
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
may increase the toxic effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with nifedipine
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with mepivacaine
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
the rate of metabolism of dihydrocodeine may be reduced
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with cannabis
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with cannabis
the hyperkalemic activity of betaxolol may be increased
the bradycardic activity of betaxolol may be increased
decamethonium may increase betaxolol's bradycardic effects
the therapeutic activity of betaxolol may be reduced
the antihypertensive property of betaxolol may be reduced
the therapeutic effect of pf-00610355 may be reduced
the rate of metabolism of betaxolol may be reduced
When betaxolol is used together with oliceridine, this leads to reduction in oliceridine’s metabolism
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
the rate of metabolism of zotepine may be reduced with betaxolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
the therapeutic efficiency of luseogliflozin may be elevated
Actions and SpectrumÂ
The action of this drug is to block the beta-1 receptors in the heart and kidneys, This helps lower blood pressure and lessens the burden on the heart. By reducing the heart rate and the force of contractions, betaxolol also reduces the heart’s demand for oxygen, making it useful in the treatment of angina (chest pain) and other heart-related conditions.Â
The spectrum of this drug is selective, meaning that it primarily blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart and kidneys, while having little or no effect on beta-2 receptors located in the lungs and other parts of the body. This drug’s selectivity can be beneficial for individuals with asthma or other lung conditions since it does not impede their breathingÂ
Frequency defined Â
2-10%Â
Pharyngitis (2%)Â
Fatigue (2-10%)Â
Palpitation (2%)Â
Dyspepsia (2-5%)Â
Diarrhea (2%)Â
Edema (2%)Â
Lethargy (3%)Â
Bradycardia (6-8%)Â
Chest pain (2-7%)Â Â
<2%Â
HyperlipidemiaÂ
DiabetesÂ
AnemiaÂ
MalaiseÂ
HyperglycemiaÂ
ArrhythmiaÂ
HypercholesterolemiaÂ
NeuropathyÂ
DepressionÂ
Rash Â
Frequency Not DefinedÂ
decrease HDL levelsÂ
Raynaud’s phenomenonÂ
May increase triglyceride levels and insulin resistanceÂ
Decreased exercise toleranceÂ
Black Box Warning:Â Â
Abrupt discontinuation of this drug may lead to an exacerbation of angina symptoms or the occurrence of myocardial infarction (heart attack), arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), or sudden death. Individuals with coronary artery disease who are taking this medication should be cautioned against stopping or interrupting treatment without first consulting their doctor. When discontinuing therapy, the dosage should be tapered gradually over one to two weeks.Â
Patients with bronchospastic disease, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), should use this drug with caution. It can cause bronchospasm, which can be life-threatening in some cases. Individuals with these conditions should be carefully monitored for signs of respiratory distress, and their treatment should be stopped if neededÂ
Contraindication/Caution:Â Â
Hypersensitivity: Patients who are known to be hypersensitive should not take this drug.Â
Cardiogenic shock: this should not be used in patients with cardiogenic shock.Â
 Sinus bradycardia and heart block greater than first degree: This should not be used in patients with sinus bradycardia (slow heart rate) or heart block greater than first degree (an electrical conduction abnormality in the heart).Â
 Severe pulmonary disease: This is contraindicated in patients with severe pulmonary disease, such as bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which beta-blockers can worsen. Â
Cardiac failure: This drug should not be used in patients with severe cardiac failure. Â
Diabetes: Patients with diabetes taking this medication may have trouble recognizing and treating hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) as the drug could mask its symptomsÂ
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: N/AÂ
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology: The drug is a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker. This medication is prescribed as an anti-hypertensive agent to reduce high blood pressure in individuals diagnosed with hypertension. It also treats certain heart conditions, such as angina pectoris and arrhythmias.Â
Pharmacodynamics: The pharmacodynamics of this drug involves its selective blockade of beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, which leads to a reduction in heart rate and force of contraction, and ultimately, a decrease in blood pressure. Â
MOA: The drug is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist that is primarily used as a cardioselective beta-blocker. It works by blocking the beta-1 receptors in the heart, which decreases the sympathetic nervous system’s effects and reduces the heart’s workload. This ultimately leads to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The drug is absorbed quickly and almost completely from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The bioavailability of betaxolol is approximately 90% when taken orally.Â
DistributionÂ
The distribution of betaxolol is relatively uniform throughout the body, with no significant accumulation in any particular tissue.Â
MetabolismÂ
The cytochrome P450 enzyme system primarily metabolizes the drug in the liver. The main metabolite of betaxolol is inactive, and there are no known active metabolites.Â
Excretion and eliminationÂ
 The drug is eliminated primarily in the urine, with approximately 50% of the dose excreted unchanged. The half-life of this drug is approximately 14-22 hours, and steady-state concentrations are reached within 5-7 days of regular dosing.Â
Administration: Â
The recommended dosage of this medication varies depending on the patient’s medical history and the condition being treated.Â
The frequency of the medication is usually once or twice daily, depending on the prescribed medication. It’s essential to take the medication at the same time every day to ensure consistent blood levels.  Â
The drug is typically taken orally in tablet or capsule form and should be swallowed whole with a glass of water. Do not crush or chew the medication.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: betaxololÂ
Why do we use betaxolol ?  Â
This medication is classified as a beta-blocker and used for high blood pressure.Â
Aside from hypertension, this medication may also be prescribed for other conditions including chest pain (angina), heart failure, and irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). Additionally, it may be used as a preventative measure for migraines or to reduce their frequency and severity.Â
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