Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
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Brand Name :
Azilect
Synonyms :
rasagiline
Class :
MAO Type B Inhibitors, Antiparkinson Agents
Brand Name :
Azilect
Synonyms :
rasagiline
Class :
MAO Type B Inhibitors, Antiparkinson Agents
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
TabletÂ
0.5mgÂ
1mgÂ
Monotherapy: 1mg orally every day
Adjunctive therapy without levodopa: 1mg orally every day
Adjunctive therapy with levodopa: Initial dose of 0.5 mg taken orally every day; this may be increased to 1 mg per day if necessary and acceptable
Consider lowering the dosage of levodopa
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
No dose change is needed for mild-to-moderate cases; severe cases have not been evaluated
Hepatic Impairment:
Moderate (Child-Pugh A): No more than 0.5 mg per day
Severe to moderate (Child-Pugh B/C): Do not use
Safety and Efficacy not establishedÂ
Refer adult dosingÂ
may increase the adverse effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the serum concentration of Rasagiline
may increase the serum concentration of Rasagiline
may increase the serum concentration of Rasagiline
may increase the serum concentration of Rasagiline
may increase the serum concentration of Rasagiline
It may enhance serotonin levels when combined with tramadol
may increase the serotonergic effects
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with MAO inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with MAO inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with MAO inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with MAO inhibitors
there is a danger of serotonin syndrome; thus, avoid using this product in patients receiving MAOIs or within two weeks or after stopping MAOI treatment
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the effect of hypertension of alpha 1-agonists
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors
may increase the toxic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the serotonergic effect of Rasagiline
may increase the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the anticholinergic effect of Cyproheptadine
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
serotonin 5-HT1D receptor agonists increase the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
serotonin 5-HT1D receptor agonists increase the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
serotonin 5-HT1D receptor agonists increase the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
serotonin 5-HT1D receptor agonists increase the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
serotonin 5-HT1D receptor agonists increase the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
rasagiline: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
rasagiline: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
rasagiline: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
rasagiline: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
rasagiline: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of SSRIs
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of SSRIs
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertension effect of alfa one agonist
may increase the adverse effect of sympathomimetic drugs
may increase the toxic effects of CNS depressants
may increase the serotonergic effect of tricyclic antidepressants
buprenorphine increases the toxicity of MAO inhibitors
acrivastine and pseudoephedrineÂ
may increase the hypertensive effects of alpha/beta agonists
methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazideÂ
may increase the toxic effect of methyldopa
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with codeine
may increase the toxic effect of carbinoxamine
buspirone increases the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
may increase the serotonergic effect
may increase the adverse effect of Buprenorphine
buprenorphine,long-acting injectionÂ
may increase the adverse effect of Buprenorphine
acetaminophen/doxylamine/dextromethorphanÂ
may increase the serotonergic effect of dextromethorphan
metoclopramide increases the effect of hypertension of MAO inhibitors
viloxazine: they may enhance the hypertensive effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may have an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with kratom
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
apraclonidine: it may increase the toxic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of agents with blood glucose lowering effects
it increases the effect of serotonergic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
monoamine oxidase inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of blood viscosity reducing agents
monoamine oxidase inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of blood viscosity reducing agents
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of Beta2-Agonists
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of Beta2-Agonists
it may diminish the excretion rate when combined with gadofosveset, resulting in an enhanced serum level
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with hypoglycemic agents
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the toxic effect
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MOA inhibitors
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MOA inhibitors
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MOA inhibitors
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MOA inhibitors
linezolid may enhance the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the toxic effect of beta2 agonists
may increase the toxic effect of beta2 agonists
may increase the toxic effect of beta2 agonists
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of blood glucose-lowering agents
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with norepinephrine
It may increase the hypertensive effect when combined with epinephrine (Systemic)
empagliflozin and linagliptinÂ
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect with blood glucose lowering agents
may increase the Glucose-lowering effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may increase the adverse effect when combined
may enhance the serum concentration when combined
MAO inhibitors increase the anticholinergic action of clemastine
MAO inhibitors increase the anticholinergic action of doxylamine
it increases the effect of hypertension on MAO inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
The excretory rate of ancestim may be reduced with rasagiline, which results in higher levels in serum
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
cinnarizine and dimenhydrinateÂ
this combination will make you feel sleepy or tired when MAOIs used in combination
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
MAO inhibitors increase the toxic or adverse effects of reserpine
MAO inhibitors increase the serotonergic effect of lithium
benzhydrocodone/acetaminophenÂ
it increases the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Frequency definedÂ
>10%Â
Headache (14%)Â
EPS (dyskinesia/dystonia) (18%)Â
Nausea (10-12%)Â Â
1-10%Â
Constipation (4-9%)Â
Arthralgia (7%)Â
Xerostomia (2-6%)Â
Fall (5%)Â
Hallucination (4-5%)Â
Postural hypotension (6-9%)Â
Weight loss (2-9%)Â
Dyspepsia (7%)Â
Depression (5%)Â
Flu-like syndrome (5%)Â
Conjunctivitis (3%)Â
Gastroenteritis (3%)Â
Arthritis (2%)Â
Malaise (2%)Â
Parasthesia (2%)Â
Fever (3%)Â
Rhinitis (3%)Â
Bruising (2%)Â
Neck pain (2%)Â
Vertigo (2%)Â
Â
<1%Â
MIÂ
CVAÂ
Gastrointestinal hemorrhageÂ
Bundle branch block Â
Post-marketing reportsÂ
MelanomaÂ
Contraindications/caution:Â
Contraindications:Â
Caution:Â
Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data availableÂ
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.  Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this categoryÂ
Pharmacology:Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The peak plasma time of rasagiline is 1 hour, indicating that the drug is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. The onset of action is also within 1 hour, suggesting that the drug has a relatively fast onset.The bioavailability of rasagiline is 36%, which means that only a fraction of the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation after oral administration. Â
DistributionÂ
rasagiline is highly protein-bound, with 88-94% of the drug bound to plasma proteins. The volume of distribution (Vd) of rasagiline is 87 L, indicating that the drug is widely distributed throughout the body. Â
MetabolismÂ
rasagiline is primarily metabolized by the liver, with the CYP1A2 enzyme playing a vital role in the drug’s metabolism. The main metabolites of rasagiline are 1-aminoindan, 3-hydroxy-N-propargyl-1-aminoindan, and 3-hydroxy-1-aminoindan. Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The half-life of rasagiline is 1.3-3 hours, indicating that the drug is rapidly eliminated from the body. The drug is primarily excreted in the urine, with 62% of the drug excreted in this way. A small amount of the drug (7%) is also excreted in the feces.Â
Administration:Â
rasagiline is administered orally, usually once daily, with or without food. The recommended dose for treating Parkinson’s disease is 0.5 mg/day, but your doctor may adjust the dose based on your individual needs and response to the drugÂ
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: rasagilineÂ
Why do we use rasagiline?Â
rasagiline is a medication that is primarily used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It is indicated as an adjunct therapy to levodopa/carbidopa in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease, as well as for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson’s disease as monotherapy.Â
rasagiline is a selective monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, which works by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down dopamine in the brain. By inhibiting the breakdown of dopamine, rasagiline can help increase dopamine levels in the brain, a crucial neurotransmitter involved in regulating movement.Â
The use of rasagiline has been shown to improve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). In addition, it has also been shown to have neuroprotective effects, which may slow the progression of Parkinson’s disease.Â
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