Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
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Brand Name :
Xadago
Synonyms :
safinamide
Class :
Antiparkinson Agents, Type B MAO Inhibitors
Brand Name :
Xadago
Synonyms :
safinamide
Class :
Antiparkinson Agents, Type B MAO Inhibitors
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Tablet
100mg
50mg
Initially: 50 mg orally every day
may increase the dosage to 100 mg orally every day after two weeks, depending on individual requirements and tolerance
Doses of more than 100 mg daily have not shown any additional benefit
Dose Adjustments
Dosage Modifications
Hepatic impairment
Moderate (Child-Pugh score B: 7 to 9): should not exceed more than 50 mg/day
Severe (Child-Pugh score C: 10 to 15): It is Contraindicated
Safety and efficacy were not established
Refer to the adult dosing regimen
It may enhance toxicity when combined with tramadol by serotonin levels
safinamide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
safinamide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
safinamide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
safinamide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
safinamide: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effect of tricyclic antidepressants
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with MAO inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with MAO inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with MAO inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with MAO inhibitors
may increase the efficacy of each other when combined
there is a danger of serotonin syndrome; thus, avoid using this product in patients receiving MAOIs or within two weeks or after stopping MAOI treatment
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the effect of hypertension of alpha 1-agonists
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
it increases the effect of SSRIs
it increases the effect of SSRIs
it increases the effect of SSRIs
it increases the effect of SSRIs
it increases the effect of SSRIs
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
the levels of lenvanitib are increased by safinamide or vice-versa
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of SSRIs
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
they increase the effect of SSRIs
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the serotonergic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertension effect of alfa one agonist
may increase the adverse effect of sympathomimetic drugs
may increase the toxic effects of CNS depressants
may increase the serotonergic effect of tricyclic antidepressants
buprenorphine increases the toxicity of MAO inhibitors
acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
may increase the hypertensive effects of alpha/beta agonists
may decrease the hypertensive effect of amphetamines
methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
may increase the toxic effect of methyldopa
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with codeine
may increase the toxic effect of carbinoxamine
buspirone increases the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
may increase the serotonergic effect
may increase the serotonergic effect of Dextromethorphan
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with isometheptene
may increase the adverse effect of Buprenorphine
buprenorphine,long-acting injection
may increase the adverse effect of Buprenorphine
acetaminophen/doxylamine/dextromethorphan
may increase the serotonergic effect of dextromethorphan
metoclopramide increases the effect of hypertension of MAO inhibitors
viloxazine: they may enhance the hypertensive effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the hypertensive effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
may have an increased risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with kratom
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with each other when combined
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with each other when combined
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with each other when combined
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with each other when combined
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with each other when combined
they increase the toxicity of bezafibrate
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with alpha1-agonists
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
it increases the toxicity of MAO inhibitors
it enhances the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
MAO inhibitors increase the toxic or adverse effects of hydromorphone
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
apraclonidine: it may increase the toxic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors B
apraclonidine: it may increase the toxic effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of agents with blood glucose lowering effects
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of agents with blood glucose lowering effects
it increases the effect of serotonergic agents
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the hypoglycemic effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
oxymetazoline and safinamide increase the sympathetic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
may enhance the effect of serotonergic activity
monoamine oxidase inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of blood viscosity reducing agents
monoamine oxidase inhibitors: they may increase the hypoglycemic effect of blood viscosity reducing agents
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of Beta2-Agonists
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: they may increase the toxic effect of Beta2-Agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with hypoglycemic agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
May have an increased serotonergic effect when combined with Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
monoamine oxidase inhibitor: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha2-Agonists
increases the effects of daunorubicin by inhibiting BCRP transport
increases the effects of idarubicin by inhibiting BCRP transport
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the toxic effect
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MOA inhibitors
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MOA inhibitors
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MOA inhibitors
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of MOA inhibitors
linezolid may enhance the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the toxic effect of beta2 agonists
may increase the toxic effect of beta2 agonists
may increase the toxic effect of beta2 agonists
may increase the hypoglycemic effect of blood glucose-lowering agents
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with norepinephrine
It may increase the hypertensive effect when combined with epinephrine (Systemic)
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect with blood glucose lowering agents
may increase the Glucose-lowering effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects
may increase the adverse effect when combined
may enhance the serum concentration when combined
mazindol increases the effect of hypertension when taken with MAO inhibitors
MAO inhibitors increase the anticholinergic action of clemastine
MAO inhibitors increase the anticholinergic action of doxylamine
it increases the effect of hypertension on MAO inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
may increase the adverse effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors
cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate
this combination will make you feel sleepy or tired when MAOIs used in combination
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
MAO inhibitors increase the toxic or adverse effects of reserpine
MAO inhibitors increase the serotonergic effect of lithium
MAO inhibitors increase the toxic or adverse effects of hydrocodone
it increases the serotonergic effect of MAO inhibitors
Actions and spectrum
safinamide is approved to be taken as a medicine in parkinsonism and it is in the group of monoamine oxidase type-B inhibitors. It is a selective and reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor and acts through reducing the rate of dopamine degradation in the brain.
It may enhance the production of dopamine in the brain or even prevent the reabsorption of dopamine as well as other neurotransmitters like serotonin as well as noradrenaline.
Frequency defined
1-10%
Insomnia (1-4%)
Anxiety (2%)
Dyspepsia (2%)
Orthostatic hypotension (2%)
Cough (2%)
Nausea (3-6%)
Fall (4-6%)
Hypertension (5-7%)
Increased AST or ALT (5-7%)
>10%
Dyskinesia (17-21%)
Post marketing Reports
Dyspnea
Hypersensitivity
Swelling of gingiva and tongue
Rash
Headache
Black Box Warning
safinamide is known to cause dizziness or sudden somnolence, this is a boxed warning as it might cause accidents while driving or any other activity. They should not drive while under the influence of the drug until the reaction is known to the body.
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity
Concomitant use of potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)
Concomitant use of opioids
Caution
Liver impairment
Renal impairment
Hypertension
Pregnancy/Lactation
Pregnancy consideration: US FDA pregnancy category: C
Lactation: It is not known whether safinamide is excreted in human milk.
Pregnancy category:
Pharmacology
It is an antiparkinsonian agent that is described as a MAO-B inhibitor with central dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic effects. It is found useful as an additional therapy for Parkinson’s disease. MAO-B is an enzyme that degrades dopamine in the brain. It is an MAO-B antagonist whose use results in an increase in dopamine within the brain leading to the improvement of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. It also inhibits voltage dependent sodium channels that are known to decrease the release of glutamate an excitatory neurotransmitter which is up regulated in parkinsonism. Also, it exerts an inhibitory effect on calcium entry and depresses the release of both glutamate and other neurotransmitters including substance P which is involved in pain transmission.
Pharmacodynamics
It works by inhibiting the degradation of dopamine which is a neurotransmitter that is associated with motor function. It also decreases the glutamate concentration which is a positively charged neurotransmitter.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Peak Plasma Concentration is 2 to 3 hours
Bioavailability of the drug is 95%
Distribution
Volume of Distribution (Vd): 165 L
Metabolism
The major metabolite safinamide acid is created by hydrolytically oxidizing the amide molecule
Elimination/Excretion
Elimination Half-Life: 20 to 26 hours
Total Clearance: 4.6 L/hr
Administration
It is administered orally as a tablet
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: safinamide
Pronounced: [ sa-FIN-a-mide ]
Why do we use safinamide?
It is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It can be taken as a monotherapy or in combination with levodopa. It helps to improve motor function and reduce the “off” time (periods of reduced mobility) in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
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