Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
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Brand Name :
Sirilept
Synonyms :
zotepine
Class :
Antipsychotics
Brand Name :
Sirilept
Synonyms :
zotepine
Class :
Antipsychotics
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
TabletsÂ
25mgÂ
50mgÂ
100mgÂ
Initial dose: 25mg orally thrice daily for four days
Maximum dose: 75mg-100mg orally thrice daily
Note: maximum dose should never exceed 100mg
Data not availableÂ
Refer to adult dosingÂ
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect of each other when combined
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with anti-parkinson agents
may enhance the risk of CNS depression when combined
may enhance the risk of CNS depression when combined
may enhance the risk of CNS depression when combined
may enhance the risk of CNS depression when combined
may enhance the risk of CNS depression when combined
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
it increases the toxicity of antipsychotic agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
amisulpiride: they may increase the toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
antipsychotic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
antihypertensive drugs may enhance the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic Agents
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may reduce the therapeutic effect of antiparkinson drugs
may reduce the therapeutic effect of antiparkinson drugs
may reduce the therapeutic effect of antiparkinson drugs
may reduce the therapeutic effect of antiparkinson drugs
may reduce the therapeutic effect of antiparkinson drugs
It may diminish the effects when combined with chasteberry by pharmacodynamic antagonism
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
It may enhance the metabolism when combined with dexamethasone
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
blood pressure lowering agents increase the effect of hypotension of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may diminish the therapeutic effect of the drug
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
combining butobarbital with zotepine may enhance the likelihood or intensity of CNS depression
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
the serum concentration of zotepine can experience an increase when combined with ivacaftor
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
the serum levels of zotepine may be raised when taken with abametapir
the rate of metabolism of zotepine may be reduced with acenocoumarol
the rate of metabolism of zotepine may be reduced with acetaminophen
the severity of central nervous system depression can be increased when acetazolamide is taken with zotepine
the rate of metabolism of zotepine may be reduced with acyclovir
the severity of central nervous system depression can be increased when alfentanil is taken with zotepine
the therapeutic activity of amantadine can be decreased with zotepine
the CNS depression activity of zotepine may be enhanced with baclofen
the risk of adverse effects will be increased when benzatropine is taken with zotepine
the rate of metabolism of zotepine may be reduced with betaxolol
the neurotoxic activity of zotepine may be increased with stavudine
the risk of adverse effects will be increased when succinylcholine is taken with zotepine
the risk of serotonin will be increased when zotepine is taken with tramadol
the rate of metabolism of trovafloxacin may be reduced with betaxolol
the severity of central nervous system depression can be increased when tubocurarine is taken with zotepine
the severity of central nervous system depression can be raised when valproic acid is taken with zotepine
the rate of metabolism of zotepine may be reduced with warfarin
the severity of central nervous system depression can be increased when yohimbine is taken with zotepine
the CNS depression activity of zotepine may be enhanced with zolpidem
the risk of adverse effects will be increased when zopiclone is taken with zotepine
may increase the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of antipsychotic agents
seizure lowering agents increase the toxic or adverse effects of other antipsychotic agents
seizure lowering agents increase the toxic or adverse effects of other antipsychotic agents
it may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors may enhance the neurotoxic (central) effect of antipsychotic Agents
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antipsychotic agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
when combined, it may increase sedation
antacids may reduce the absorption of antipsychotic agents
antacids may reduce the absorption of antipsychotic agents
antacids may reduce the absorption of antipsychotic agents
antacids may reduce the absorption of antipsychotic agents
antacids may reduce the absorption of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockersÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockersÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockersÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockersÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of beta-blockersÂ
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may diminish the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic agents
may enhance the adverse effect of antipsychotic agents
eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazideÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
valsartan/hydrochlorothiazideÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
it increases the toxicity of antipsychotic agents
may increase the effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the arrhythmogenic effect of Inhalational Anaesthetics
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may increase the neurotoxic effect
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agent
may diminish the absorption when combined
metyrosine: they may increase the toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect of each other when combined
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: they may increase the neurotoxic effect of antipsychotics
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: they may increase the neurotoxic effect of antipsychotics
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
may increase the QTc-prolonging effect
Could potentially amplify the neurotoxicity of antipsychotic agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
itopride: they may increase the neurotoxic effect of antipsychotic agents
silodosin: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics
pholcodine: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics
adverse effects of the combination of fluindione and zotepine are increased when used
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with Antipsychotic Agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased neurotoxic effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
the therapeutic activity of dihydroergocornine may be reduced
the risk of CNS depression may be increased
the serum concentration of zotepine can be raised when combined with ivacaftor
the effects on QT prolongation may be increased
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with antipsychotic agents
when combined with zotepine, metabolism of bufylline may be reduced
may enhance the effects of the other by pharmacodynamic synergism
The potential for arrhythmogenic effects of mequitazine could be intensified by the presence of antipsychotic agents
Actions and spectrum:Â
Dopamine antagonist zotepine exhibits a strong affinity for receptors D1- and D2. Strong antagonistic effects are observed for a number of serotonin receptors, including 5-HT2a, 5-HT2c, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7.
The inhibition of serotonergic activity and noradrenaline reuptake is also associated with zotepine. Zotepine can alleviate the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia because of all these effects.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
ConstipationÂ
DyspepsiaÂ
DepressionÂ
HeadacheÂ
AgitationÂ
AnxietyÂ
InsomniaÂ
Reduced blood pressureÂ
Abnormal heart rhythmÂ
Blurred visionÂ
Weight gainÂ
Tardive dyskinesiaÂ
WeaknessÂ
seizuresÂ
Black Box Warning Â
Do not take alcohol when undergoing treatment with zotepineÂ
Stop the medication if neuroleptic malignant syndrome occursÂ
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindication:Â
Liver impairmentÂ
Kidney impairmentÂ
Prolonged QT intervalsÂ
HypersensitivityÂ
DementiaÂ
Kidney stonesÂ
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
Not recommendedÂ
Lactation:Â Â
The excretion of zotepine into human milk is unknown.Â
Pregnancy category:Â Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus `in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There was a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence, these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:Â
Zotepine is an antipsychotic drugÂ
Pharmacodynamics:Â
When compared to other neuroleptic medications, zotepine exhibits an antiserotonergic solid activity. Elevations in the amygdaloid nucleus’ seizure threshold have also been observed.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
An increase in plasma levels of zotepine is dose-dependent. Zotepine is absorbed rapidly in the gastrointestinal tract when administered through the oral route.Â
DistributionÂ
The volume of distribution of zotepine is 109L/kgÂ
MetabolismÂ
The body breaks down zotepine efficiently. It goes through a complex first-pass metabolism that produces the metabolite norzotepine as well as a few inactive metabolites. CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are the primary enzymes responsible for the metabolism of zotepine. Hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, N-demethylation and oxygenation of sulfur or Nitrogen atoms, and consecutive conjugation are a few of the principal metabolic pathways.Â
Elimination and excretionÂ
The primary method of excretion for the unchanged zotepine and its metabolites is fecal excretion through the bile, as urine only contains trace amounts of the drug. Â
Half-life:Â
21 hoursÂ
Administration:Â
Zotepine is administered orally after mealsÂ
Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: zotepine Â
Why do we use zotepine?Â
Adult patients with schizophrenia, a brain disorder marked by hallucinations, delusions, and decreased speaking, are treated with zotepine.Â
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