Does Fasting Fog Your Brain or Sharpen It? The Data Might Surprise You
November 5, 2025
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Brand Name :
Sintrom
Synonyms :
acenocoumarol
Class :
Anticoagulant, Vitamin K Antagonist
Brand Name :
Sintrom
Synonyms :
acenocoumarol
Class :
Anticoagulant, Vitamin K Antagonist
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Oral TabletÂ
1 mgÂ
4 mg Â
Indicated for treatment or Prevention of embolism/thrombosis:
Initial dose-On day 1, administer 8 to 12 mg
On day 2, administer 4 to 8mg orally
Maintenance dose-Administer 1 to 10mg /day
Before discontinuation, it is recommended to reduce the dosage gradually.
Safety and efficacy not establishedÂ
Refer adult dosingÂ
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the anti-coagulant effect of androgens
may increase the anti-coagulant effect of salicylates
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of fibric acid derivatives
may increase the anti-coaugulant effect of salicylates
may increase the anti-coagulant effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
may increase the therapeutic efficacy when combined
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
they may diminish the serum concentration when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with Vitamin K Antagonists
estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            Â
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Androgens
may enhance the serum concentration of Antacids
aluminum hydroxide/magnesium carbonateÂ
may enhance the serum concentration of aluminum hydroxide
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with miconazole (topical)
may have an increasingly adverse effects when combined with acenocoumarol
may enhance the risk of hemorrhage when combined with acenocoumarol
may increase the serum concentration when combined with each other
clonidine decreases acenocoumarol metablosim when used in combination
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may enhance the effect of each other when combined
pentamycin increases the therapeutic efficacy of acenocoumarol when used in combination
anticoagulants increase the effect of anticoagulation of rivaroxaban
it increases the effect of anticoagulants
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with anticoagulants
allopurinol increases the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect of each other when combined
the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol may be increased with benzylpenicilloyl polylysine
may have an increased thrombogenic effect when combined with anti- coagulant inhibitor complex
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP2C9 Inhibitors
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP2C9 Inhibitors
thyroid products increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
thyroid products increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
thyroid products increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
thyroid products increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
it may diminish the metabolism when combined with azelastine
The combination of mibefradil and acenocoumarol might lead to an enhance in the concentration serum of acenocoumarol
There is a potential increase in the seriousness of hemorrhage and bleeding when antipyrine is used together with acenocoumarol
When cefotiam is taken together with acenocoumarol, there is an elevated potential for bleeding in terms of seriousness
it may enhance the risk of bleeding when combined with mitomycin
The combination of troleandomycin may lead to a reduced metabolism of acenocoumarol
ximelagatran (investigational)Â
Combining ximelagatran with acenocoumarol may elevate the risk or seriousness of bleeding
Combining acenocoumarol and levobupivacaine might reduce acenocoumarol’s metabolism
it may diminish the excretion rate when combined with antibiotics, resulting in an enhanced serum level
Combining acenocoumarol with pranlukast may cause a reduction in the acenocoumarol’s metabolism
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
It may enhance the risk of bleeding when combined with nimesulide
Combining tegafur with acenocoumarol can reduce tegafur’s metabolism
When acenocoumarol is used together with sertraline, the risk or seriousness of bleeding may be enhanced
The potential for bleeding risk or its seriousness may elevate when acenocoumarol is used together with troxerutin
When acenocoumarol is used together with somatotropin, this leads to a rise in acenocoumarol’s metabolism
When acenocoumarol is used together with promazine, this leads to a reduction in abrocitinib metabolism
When andrographolide is used together with acenocoumarol, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of bleeding
When acenocoumarol is used together with allylestrenol, this leads to a reduction in the acenocoumarol metabolism
When acenocoumarol is used together with polythiazide, this leads to a reduction in the therapeutic effectiveness of acenocoumarol
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
when ciprofibrate is given along with acenocoumarol, there is an increased risk of bleeding
when zomepirac is coupled with acenocoumarol, the risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be enhanced
When acenocoumarol is used together with cyclothiazide, this results in a reduction in acenocoumarol’s therapeutic efficacy
the metabolism of acenocoumarol can decrease when combined with dihydroergocristine
the risk of bleeding and hemorrhage may increase when isoxicam is combined with acenocoumarol
the therapeutic efficacy of acenocoumarol may be reduced when used in combination with phylloquinone
the combination of mycophenolic acid with acenocoumarol may increase the risk or severity of bleeding
acenocoumarol: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acenocoumarol: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acenocoumarol: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acenocoumarol: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acenocoumarol: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
When acenocoumarol is used together with oleandomycin, this leads to enhanced concentration serum of acenocoumarol
When acenocoumarol is used together with ridaforolimus, this leads to enhanced concentration serum of acenocoumarol
When acenocoumarol is used together with patupilone, this leads to enhanced concentration serum of acenocoumarol
the metabolism of acenocoumarol can be raised when combined with sulfinpyrazone
when combined with ivacaftor, there may be an increase in the serum concentration of acenocoumarol
the combination of acenocoumarol and taurocholic acid might amplify the risk of bleeding and bruising
acenocoumarol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acenocoumarol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acenocoumarol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acenocoumarol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acenocoumarol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
the combination of protionamide and acenocoumarol can increase the chances of bleeding
there may be a rise in the blood level of acenocoumarol when coupled with carbomycin
acenocoumarol has the ability to elevate serum concentrations when paired with dalfopristin
acenocoumarol has the ability to elevate serum concentrations when paired with quinupristin
an increase in the serum concentration of acenocoumarol may occur when combined with rokitamycin
the metabolism of acenocoumarol may be enhanced when combined with butalbital
the metabolism of acenocoumarol can be raised when combined with insulin pork
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
chlorotrianisene may lower the anticoagulant activities of acenocoumarol
the concentration of acenocoumarol in the bloodstream can be heightened when combined with filgotinib
Decrease the therapeutic effects of acenocoumarol.
Increased anticoagulant activities of acenocoumarol.
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
l-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
choline magnesium trisalicylate
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
vitamin K1 (phytonadione)Â may reduce the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins may enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonistsÂ
cephalosporins may enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonistsÂ
cephalosporins may enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonistsÂ
metformin reduces the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anti-coagulant action of anti-coagulants
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may decrease the anticoagulant effect of direct-acting viral agents
may decrease the anticoagulant effect of direct-acting antiviral agents
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anti-coagulant effect of antiplatelet agents
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
may increase the anticoagulant effect
relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the levels of serum concentration of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the levels of serum concentration of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the levels of serum concentration of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the levels of serum concentration of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
May decrease the serum concentration
May decrease the serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the anticoagulant effect
amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect of pentosan polysulfate sodium
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolateÂ
may enhance the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the effect of anticoagulant activity
may increase the effect of anticoagulant activity
may increase the effect of anticoagulant activity
may increase the effect of anticoagulant activity
may increase the effect of anticoagulant activity
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may decrease the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives: they may increase the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives: they may increase the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may decrease the anticoagulant effect of Direct Acting Antiviral Agents
may enhance the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiolÂ
may increase the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
oxaceprol decreases the effect of vitamin K antagonists
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Peptide Hormones
bleeding will increase when cefmetazole is combined with acenocoumarol
the efficacy of acenocoumarol is enhanced with cinoxacin
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
The anticoagulant effects of ancord may be enhanced when administered concomitantly with other anticoagulants
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
carbimazole may increase the anticoagulant activities of acenocoumarol
the risk of bleeding can be increased
the risk of adverse effects is increased
the risk of bleeding may be increased
the risk of bleeding and hemorrhage can be raised when sulindac is used in combination
the risk of adverse effects may be increased
the serum levels of acenocoumarol may be increased
the serum levels of acenocoumarol may be elevated
the risk of hemorrhage and bleeding may be increased
the serum levels of acenocoumarol may be increased
the serum levels of acenocoumarol may be increased
the rate of metabolism of acenocoumarol may be reduced
the rate of metabolism of acenocoumarol may be reduced
the risk of hemorrhage and bleeding may be increased
the anticoagulant activity of acenocoumarol may be reduced
the rate of metabolism of acenocoumarol may be reduced
the rate of metabolism of acenocoumarol may be reduced
the risk of adverse effects may be increased
the rate of metabolism of zotepine may be reduced with acenocoumarol
miconazole nitrate/hydrocortisoneÂ
the activity of oral anticoagulants may be increased
it may increase the anticoagulant effect
relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
the anticoagulant property of acenocoumarol may be increased by fluocortolone
Actions and Spectrum:Â
The mechanism of action of acenocoumarol involves interfering with the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver, specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X, which are vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. acenocoumarol inhibits the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1), which is responsible for the recycling of vitamin K.
This inhibition leads to a decrease in the available active form of vitamin K, thereby impairing the production of these clotting factors. By inhibiting the production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, acenocoumarol reduces the ability of the blood to clot. This helps to prevent the formation of new blood clots and also prevents existing blood clots from growing larger. Â
acenocoumarol has a broad spectrum of anticoagulant activity. It is effective in preventing clot formation in both arterial and venous circulation. It is commonly used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). acenocoumarol is also used for preventing stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, a condition characterized by irregular heart rhythms.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
Skin necrosisÂ
HemorrhageÂ
PriapismÂ
HepatotoxicityÂ
Black box warning:Â
NoneÂ
Contraindications/caution:Â
Contraindications:Â
Caution:Â
Pregnancy consideration: It is contraindicated during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, due to the risk of foetal abnormalities.Â
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is known and contraindicated during breastfeeding, as it can pass into breast milk and potentially cause bleeding in the infant.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this categoryÂ
Pharmacology:Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
The anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol develop gradually over several days, depleting the existing vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and inhibiting their synthesis. The therapeutic effect is measured and monitored using the international normalized ratio (INR), which represents the patient’s clotting time compared to a standardized reference value.Â
The duration of action of acenocoumarol is prolonged, and its effects persist even after discontinuation due to the depletion of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Therefore, careful monitoring of INR is necessary to adjust the dosage and maintain therapeutic anticoagulation while minimizing the risk of bleeding complications.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
acenocoumarol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The peak anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol is typically reached within 36 to 48 hours after oral administration. The bioavailability of acenocoumarol is approximately 60%, indicating the fraction of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation.Â
DistributionÂ
acenocoumarol has a relatively small volume of distribution (Vd) ranging from 0.16 to 0.34 L/kg.Approximately 99% of acenocoumarol is bound to plasma proteins, predominantly albumin.Â
MetabolismÂ
acenocoumarol undergoes hepatic metabolism primarily through oxidation. The R-enantiomer is metabolized by CYP2C9 (primary enzyme), 1A2, and 2C19, while CYP2C9 primarily metabolizes the S-enantiomer. It can also undergo keto-reduction to inactive metabolites and nitro-reduction via gut flora.Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The elimination half-life of acenocoumarol is approximately 11 hours for the R-enantiomer and less than 2 hours for the S-enantiomer. It reaches peak plasma concentrations within 1 to 3 hours after administration. acenocoumarol and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine, with approximately 60% excreted as metabolites and a minimal amount excreted as an unchanged drug. A portion of metabolites is also eliminated through feces.Â
Administration:Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: acenocoumarolÂ
Why do we use acenocoumarol?Â
acenocoumarol is an oral anticoagulant medication commonly used for various medical conditions to prevent blood clot formation. Some of the primary uses of acenocoumarol include:Â
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