Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
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Brand Name :
Mephyton
Synonyms :
Vitamin K1; 2-Methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; Phytonadione
Class :
Blood modifier agent, AntiHemorrhagics, Hemostatics, Blood coagulation accelerant, Vitamin K
Brand Name :
Mephyton
Synonyms :
Vitamin K1; 2-Methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; Phytonadione
Class :
Blood modifier agent, AntiHemorrhagics, Hemostatics, Blood coagulation accelerant, Vitamin K
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Injectable solutionÂ
2.5 mgÂ
10 mgÂ
25 mgÂ
50 mgÂ
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Injectable solutionÂ
2.5 mgÂ
10 mgÂ
25 mgÂ
50 mgÂ
Refer to the adult dosingÂ
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the anti-coagulant effect of androgens
may increase the anti-coagulant effect of salicylates
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of fibric acid derivatives
may increase the anti-coaugulant effect of salicylates
may increase the anti-coagulant effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
they may diminish the serum concentration when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with Vitamin K Antagonists
estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            Â
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Androgens
may enhance the serum concentration of Antacids
aluminum hydroxide/magnesium carbonateÂ
may enhance the serum concentration of aluminum hydroxide
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with miconazole (topical)
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
allopurinol increases the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect of each other when combined
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonist
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP2C9 Inhibitors
It may enhance the serum concentration when combined with CYP2C9 Inhibitors
thyroid products increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
thyroid products increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
thyroid products increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
thyroid products increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
it may diminish the excretion rate when combined with antibiotics, resulting in an enhanced serum level
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
Vitamin K antagonists: they may increase the antiplatelet effect of antiplatelet agents
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
phylloquinone may reduce the excretion rate of abacavir, potentially leading to higher serum levels
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the serum concentration of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
l-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
choline magnesium trisalicylate
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
vitamin K1 (phytonadione)Â may reduce the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins may enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonistsÂ
cephalosporins may enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonistsÂ
cephalosporins may enhance the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonistsÂ
metformin reduces the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anti-coagulant action of anti-coagulants
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the effect of vitamin K antagonists
may decrease the anticoagulant effect of direct-acting viral agents
may decrease the anticoagulant effect of direct-acting antiviral agents
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
may increase the anticoagulant effect
relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the levels of serum concentration of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the levels of serum concentration of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the levels of serum concentration of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the levels of serum concentration of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
May decrease the serum concentration
May decrease the serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the levels of serum concentration
may increase the anticoagulant effect
amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
may enhance the anticoagulant effect
bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
ay enhance the anticoagulant effect
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolateÂ
may enhance the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may increase the anticoagulant effect
may decrease the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives: they may increase the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives: they may increase the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists
may decrease the anticoagulant effect of Direct Acting Antiviral Agents
may enhance the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiolÂ
may increase the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
oxaceprol decreases the effect of vitamin K antagonists
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Peptide Hormones
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may increase the anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
may have an increased anticoagulant effect when combined with vitamin k antagonists
meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of Cephalosporins
phylloquinone may reduce the excretion rate of abacavir, potentially leading to higher serum levels
phylloquinone may decrease the excretion rate of acemetacin, potentially leading to higher serum levels
the therapeutic efficacy of acenocoumarol may be reduced when used in combination with phylloquinone
phylloquinone may decrease the excretion rate of acetaminophen, potentially leading to higher serum levels
acetazolamide may raise the excretion rate of phylloquinone, potentially resulting in lower serum levels and a potential reduction in efficacy
phylloquinone may decrease the excretion rate of acetylsalicylic acid, potentially leading to higher serum levels
phylloquinone may lower the excretion rate of aclidinium, potentially leading to higher serum levels
phylloquinone may lower the excretion rate of acrivastine, potentially leading to higher serum levels
acyclovir may lower the excretion rate of phylloquinone, potentially leading to higher serum levels
the therapeutic efficacy of warfarin may be decreased when used in combination with phylloquinone
zaleplon may lower the excretion rate of phylloquinone, potentially leading to higher serum levels
zanamivir may lower the excretion rate of phylloquinone, potentially leading to higher serum levels
zonisamide may increase the excretion rate of phylloquinone, potentially resulting in lower serum levels and a potential reduction in efficacy
relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
fibric acid derivatives increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
androgens increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists like warfarin
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions:Â
This drug, also known as vitamin K1, is used for coagulation problems in people with vitamin K shortage, such as prothrombin deficit brought on by anticoagulants or hypoprothrombinemia. Its function is to assist the liver in producing substances that aid in blood coagulation.Â
Spectrum:Â
Phylloquinone belongs to the spectrum of compounds related to vitamin K. The spectrum of activity for phylloquinone encompasses its role as a form of vitamin K, primarily involved in blood clotting and coagulation processes.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
Life threatening allergic reactions at the injection site such as swelling, pain, or tendernessÂ
Blue baby Â
DizzinessÂ
SweatingÂ
Low BPÂ
Difficulty in breathingÂ
Black Box Warning:Â
Exercise caution in individuals with a history of liver or kidney issues, allergies, those on concurrent medications, the elderly, and children, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.Â
Regularly monitor the prothrombin time (blood clotting time) when using this medication.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
ContraindicationsÂ
CautionsÂ
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
No data is available regarding the administration of the drug during pregnancy.Â
Breastfeeding warnings:Â Â
No data is available regarding the excretion of drug in breast milk.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category.Â
Pharmacology:Â
Phylloquinone is prescribed for the management of coagulation disorders arising from the impaired synthesis of coagulation factors II, IX, VII, and X due to vitamin K deficiency. Its prolonged effectiveness stems from the cycling of vitamin K within the body, and it boasts a broad therapeutic index, allowing for the tolerance of substantial doses. Monitoring prothrombin time is advised throughout the treatment, and healthcare providers should be mindful of the heightened risk of hypersensitivity reactions associated with parenteral administration.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
Vitamin K serves as a cofactor for gamma-carboxylase, an enzyme responsible for adding functional groups of carboxylic acid to glutamate. This process enables the precursors of clotting factors II, IX, VII, and X to bind calcium ions. The clotting factor after binding of calcium ions transforms into their active forms and into blood stream from liver cells, restoring clotting normal function.Â
Additionally, vitamin K has the potential to carboxylate matrix proteins within chondrocytes, preventing the calcification of joints. It may also contribute to the increase of type II collagen. Undergoing research is investigating the role of vitamin K in conditions such as osteoarthritis, bone density, and vascular calcification.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The bioavailability is 13+-9%Â
The time to achieve peak effect is 9.2+-6.6 hoursÂ
DistributionÂ
The volume of distribution is 20+-6 LÂ
Metabolism Â
CYP4F2 omega-hydroxylates the phytyl side chain of Phylloquinone. Subsequently, the side chain is cleaved to a length of either 5 or 7 carbons and undergoes glucuronidation before being eliminated.Â
In a general context, vitamin K undergoes a cyclical process involving reduction to hydroquinone through the action of (VKOR) vitamin K epoxide reductase oxidation to gamma-glutamyl carboxylase by vitamin K epoxide, and back conversion to vitamin K facilitated by VKOR.Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The half-life is 2-2.5 hoursÂ
The drug is excreted 36% in feces in five days and 22% in urine in 3 days.Â
Administration:Â
It is provided as an injectable solution and should be administered by a healthcare provider into the vein.Â
Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: phylloquinoneÂ
Pronounced: fill-oh-kwin-ownÂ
Why do we use phylloquinone?Â
Â
Phylloquinone, also recognized as vitamin K1, serves various essential functions within the human body, primarily acting as a cofactor for enzymes crucial in blood clotting. Its pivotal role lies in supporting the synthesis of specific proteins known as clotting factors, integral to the coagulation process.Â
Here are critical reasons for the use of phylloquinone:Â
While vitamin K is vital for these functions, caution should be exercised to avoid excessive intake, and healthcare professionals should guide supplementation. Medications and certain medical conditions can impact vitamin K levels, emphasizing the importance of considering its use within the broader context of an individual’s health.Â
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