Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
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Brand Name :
Dexedrine
(United States) [Available] ,ProCentra
(United States) [Available] ,Xelstrym
(United States) [Available] ,Zenzedi
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
Dexamfetamine, (S)-amphetamine, Desamfetamina, d-amphetamine Dexamfetamina, Dexamphetamine, Dexamfetaminum Dexanfetamina
Class :
CNS Stimulant agents
Brand Name :
Dexedrine
(United States) [Available] ,ProCentra
(United States) [Available] ,Xelstrym
(United States) [Available] ,Zenzedi
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
Dexamfetamine, (S)-amphetamine, Desamfetamina, d-amphetamine Dexamfetamina, Dexamphetamine, Dexamfetaminum Dexanfetamina
Class :
CNS Stimulant agents
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Tablet
2.5 mg
5 mg
7.5 mg
10 mg
Solution
5 mg/5ml
Capsule
5 mg
10 mg
Extended release::
10 mg orally daily, may increase up to 10 mg at weekly intervals
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Tablet
2.5 mg
5 mg
7.5 mg
10 mg
Solution
5 mg/5ml
Capsule
5 mg
10 mg
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Immediate release::
For 3 to 5 years: 2.5 mg initially oral tablet/solution once daily, increase gradually 2.5 mg every week until required response is obtained
Maintain 5 to 40 mg/day in divided doses after initial recovery
For >6 years: 5 mg initially oral tablet/solution once daily, increase gradually 2.5 mg every week until required response is obtained
Maintain 5 to 40 mg/day in divided doses after initial recovery
Immediate release::
For 6 to 11 years: 5 mg/day initially in divided doses, increase 5 mg/day weekly until required response achieved (NMT 60 mg/day)
For >12 years: 10 mg/day initially in divided doses, increase 10 mg/day weekly until required response achieved (NMT 60 mg/day)
Immediate release::
For >6 years: 5 mg initially oral tablet/solution once daily, increase gradually 2.5 mg every week until required response is obtained
Maintain 5 to 40 mg/day in divided doses after initial recovery
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
CNS stimulants: they may increase the CNS stimulant effect of non-opioid drugs
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
dextroamphetamine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
dextroamphetamine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
dextroamphetamine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
dextroamphetamine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
dextroamphetamine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Inhibitors
may increase the hypertension effect
methacholine: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
they decrease the effect of analgesia of opioid agonists
they decrease the effect of analgesia of opioid agonists
may increase the hypertensive effect
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
MAO inhibitors increase the effect of hypertension of amphetamines
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
CNS depressants increase the effect of orphenadrine
it increases the toxicity of sympathomimetics
may increase the vasoconstriction effect
may increase the vasoconstriction effect
may increase the vasoconstriction effect
may increase the vasoconstriction effect
may increase the vasoconstriction effect
may increase the hypertension effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may increase the hypertensive effect
may have an increased hypertensive effect when combined with amphetamines
aclidinium: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the effect of analgesia of opioid agonists
they increase the effect of analgesia of opioid agonists
may reduce the effect of antihypertensive drugs
may reduce the effect of antihypertensive drugs
may reduce the effect of antihypertensive drugs
may reduce the effect of antihypertensive drugs
may reduce the effect of antihypertensive drugs
may reduce the effect of antihypertensive drugs
may reduce the effect of antihypertensive drugs
may enhance the toxic effect of quinolones
may enhance the toxic effect of quinolones
may enhance the effect of SSRI
may enhance the effect of SSRI
may enhance the effect of SSRI
may enhance the effect of SSRI
may enhance the effect of SSRI
may enhance the effect of SSRI's
may enhance the effect of SSRI's
may enhance the effect of SSRI's
may enhance the effect of SSRI's
may enhance the effect of SSRI's
may enhance the effect of Serotonergic Agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with other sympathomimetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with other sympathomimetics
may enhance the tachycardic effect
may enhance the tachycardic effect
It may diminish the levels when combined with sodium acid phosphate by enhancing renal clearance
may increase the analgesic effect of opioid agonists
may increase the analgesic effect of opioid agonists
may increase the analgesic effect of opioid agonists
may increase the analgesic effect of opioid agonists
they decrease the effect of hypertension of antihypertensive agents
they decrease the effect of hypertension of angiotensin II
they decrease the effect of hypertension of angiotensin II
they decrease the effect of hypertension of angiotensin II
they decrease the effect of hypertension of angiotensin II
they decrease the effect of hypertension of angiotensin II
they decrease the effect of hypertension of angiotensin II
they decrease the effect of hypertension of angiotensin II
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
sympathomimetics: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha 2-Agonists
sympathomimetics: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha 2-Agonists
sympathomimetics: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha 2-Agonists
sympathomimetics: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha 2-Agonists
sympathomimetics: they may increase the hypertensive effect of Alpha 2-Agonists
When indisulam is used together with dextroamphetamine, this leads to a reduction in dextroamphetamine metabolism
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
antacids reduce the excretion of amphetamines
antacids reduce the excretion of amphetamines
antacids reduce the excretion of amphetamines
antacids reduce the excretion of amphetamines
antacids reduce the excretion of amphetamines
antacids may decrease the excretion of amphetamines
antacids may decrease the excretion of amphetamines
antacids may decrease the excretion of amphetamines
antacids may decrease the excretion of amphetamines
antacids may decrease the excretion of amphetamines
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
they increase the toxicity of other sympathomimetics
sympathomimetics increase the effect of hypertension of solriamfetol
it increases the effect of hypertension of sympathomimetics
it increases the arrhythmogenic effect of sympathomimetics
sympathomimetics increase the toxicity of doxofylline
it increases the effect of hypertension of sympathomimetics
may increase the hypertension effect
may increase the therapeutic effect
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of amphetamines
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of sympathomimetics
may increase the tachycardic effect of cannabinoid-containing products
may increase the toxic effect of sympathomimetics
may increase the analgesic effect of opioids
may decrease the hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
may decrease the anti-hypertensive effect of anti-hypertensive agents
may increase the toxic effect of sympathomimetics
may increase the toxic effect of sympathomimetics
may enhance the risk or severity of hypertension when combined
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the toxic effect of antipsychotic agents
may increase the toxic effect of antipsychotics
may reduce the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may reduce the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may reduce the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may reduce the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may reduce the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may decrease the rate of excretion of amphetamines
may increase the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may increase the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may increase the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may increase the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may increase the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
l-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
May reduce the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
May reduce the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
May reduce the levels of serum concentration of amphetamines
may have an increased tachycardic effect when combined with sympathomimetics
may have an increased tachycardic effect when combined with sympathomimetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with other sympathomimetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with other sympathomimetics
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effect
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effects
may increase the analgesic effect of Opioid Agonists
may increase the adverse effect of each other when combined
may enhance the risk of adverse effects
may enhance the risk of adverse effects
may enhance the risk of adverse effects
may enhance the risk of adverse effects
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may increase the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
May increase the adverse effect when combined
ciprofloxacin inhaled (Pending FDA approval)
may increase the cardiotoxic effect of Quinolones
may enhance the serum concentration when combined
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased analgesic effect when combined with opioid agonists
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
esketamine: they may increase the arrhythmogenic effect of sympathomimetics
pergolide: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
piribedil: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
trimeprazine: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
valerian: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
secretin: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
aldesleukin: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
cimetropium: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
desmopressin: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
eluxadoline: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
levosulpiride: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
oxatomide: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
revefenacin: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
tiotropium: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
amantadine: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
mometasone furoate: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
itopride: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
mirabegron: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
nitroglycerin: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
tobacco: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
topiramate: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
theophylline: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
cosyntropin: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
metyrosine: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS stimulants
pegvisomant: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS stimulants
ramosetron: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS stimulants
opioid drugs: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS stimulants
opioid drugs: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS stimulants
opioid drugs: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS stimulants
opioid drugs: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS stimulants
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with amphetamines
dapsone: they may increase the hypertensive effect of sympathomimetics
When dextroamphetamine is used together in combination with profenamine, this leads to reduction in therapeutic effectiveness of profenamine
it increases the effect of hypertension of sympathomimetics
it increases the effect of hypertension of sympathomimetics
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
they increase the efficacy of sympathomimetic drugs
Actions and spectrum:
Dextromphetamine didnt showed exact action anywhere in the studies. But in striatal synaptic clefts it inhibits dopamine reuptake and initiating reverse transport.
Frequency defined:
>10%
Headache
Decreased appetite
Abdominal pain
Emotional lability
Epistaxis
Frequency not defined
Acute myocardial infarction
Cardiomyopathy
Palpitations
Tachycardia
Skin rash
Stevens johnson syndrome
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Weight loss
Change in libido
Anorexia
Constipation
Diarrhea
Unpleasant taste
Impotence
Prolonged erection
Aggressive behavior
Depression
Dizziness
Drug abuse
Drug dependence
Dysphoria
euphoria
headache
restlessness
psychosis
overstimulation
talkativeness
Postmarketing
Angioedema
Hepatotoxicity
Delusion
Hallucination
Suicidal ideation
Black Box Warning:
Dextroamphetamine is an addiction. Any misuse of the drug may lead to serious heart disease or addiction and sometimes death.
Contraindication/Caution:
Hypertension
Cardiac issues
Pregnancy Warnings:
Pregnancy category:
AU TGA pregnancy category: B3
US FDA pregnancy category: C
Lactation:
Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is known
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A: Satisfactory and well-controlled studies show no evidence of risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in the later trimester.
Category B: No evidence of risk to fetus found in animal reproduction studies and there are not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: Adverse effects on the fetus found with evidence in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence for an effect in humans, care must be taken for potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: There is adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite potential risks may be used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category clearly outweigh risks over benefits. These category drugs should be prohibited for pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category.
Pharmacology:
Dextroamphetamine applied to treat narcolepsy which stimulates CNS
Pharmacodynamics:
The drug action is not clear.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
The dextroamphetamine has no bioavailability difference.
Distribution
The volume of distribution showed 195 L.
Metabolism
Cytochrome P450 breaks it to 4-hydroxyamphetamine, which is further converted by glucosyltransferase or sulfotransferase.
Elimination and excretion
One-third of the drug is eliminated through the renal route.
Half-life:
11.75 hours
Administration:
Dextroamphetamine should be administered orally as advised by the physician.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: dextroamphetamine
Pronounced: dextroamphetamine
Why do we use dextroamphetamine?
Dextroamphetamine is a CNS stimulant treats narcolepsy and related disorders. Dextroamphetamine tablets and ER capsules are used to treat ADHD in children aged 3-16, and 6-16, respectively.
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