Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
Free CME credits
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
Brand Name :
Sezaby
Synonyms :
phenobarbital
Class :
Barbiturates, Anti convulsants
Brand Name :
Sezaby
Synonyms :
phenobarbital
Class :
Barbiturates, Anti convulsants
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Elixir: Schedule IVÂ
20mg/5mLÂ
Tablet: Schedule IVÂ
15mgÂ
16.2mgÂ
30mgÂ
32.4mgÂ
60mgÂ
64.8mgÂ
97.2Â
100mgÂ
Injectable solution: Schedule IVÂ
65mg/mLÂ
130mg/mLÂ
Initial dosages of 1-3 mg/kg/day either intravenously or orally in 1 to 2 divided doses; modify as necessary to achieve a therapeutic steady-state level of 20 mg/L
Intramuscularly, intravenously, or orally: 100 to 320 mg/day; do not use for more than two weeks
Indicated for Status Epilepticus:
Administer a loading dose of 15-20 mg/kg intravenous at a rate of 25-100 mg/min; if required, repeat in 10 minutes with an additional 5-10 mg/kg; provide respiratory support once the maximal dosage is given
30-120 mg orally divided twice or thrice a day. Do not take more than 400 mg per day
100 to 200 mg orally every night at bedtime; do not exceed 400 mg/day
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Elixir: Schedule IVÂ
20mg/5mLÂ
Tablet: Schedule IVÂ
15mgÂ
16.2mgÂ
30mgÂ
32.4mgÂ
60mgÂ
64.8mgÂ
97.2Â
100mgÂ
Injectable solution: Schedule IVÂ
65mg/mLÂ
130mg/mLÂ
Neonates (<28 days): 3 to 5 mg/kg/day in 1 to 2 divided doses intravenous or orally
Infants: 5 to 6 mg/kg/day in 1 to 2 divided doses intravenous or orally
1-5 years: 6-8 mg/kg/day in 1 to 2 divided doses intravenous or orally
6-12 years: 4-6 mg/kg/day in 1 to 2 divided doses intravenous or orally
>12 years: 1-3 mg/kg/day in 1-2 divided doses intravenous or orally, OR 50-100 mg twice or thrice a day
Before the procedure, administer 1 to 3 mg/kg Intramuscularly, intravenously, or orally for 1 to 1.5 hours
Infants and young children: 15-20 mg/kg intravenous given at a maximum rate of 2 mg/kg/min; Do not exceed 1000 mg/dose
<60 kg: <30 mg/min intravenous rate
When required, repeat with a 5-10 mg/kg bolus dosage after 15-30 minutes; do not exceed a total dose of 40 mg/kg
3 to 5 mg orally at bedtime
2mg/kg orally thrice a day
Conjugated HyperbilirubinemiaÂ
(Off label):
Newborns: 5 mg/kg/day orally, intravenously, or divided every 12 hours during the first 3 to 6 days of life
<12 years (chronic cholestasis): 1.5 to 4 mg/kg every twelve hours orally
Refer adult dosingÂ
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of hormonal contraceptives
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of hormonal contraceptives
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of hormonal contraceptives
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of hormonal contraceptives
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may increase the metabolism of vitamin K antagonists
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with opioid agonists
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of PHENobarbital
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may increase the CNS depressant effect of Phenobarbital
may diminish the serum concentration of PHENobarbital
may increase serum concentrations of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may increase the CNS depressant effect of PHENobarbital
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may diminish serum concentrations of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of phenobarbital
phenobarbital: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of tramadol
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may increase the serum concentration of each other when combined
may increase the serum concentration of each other when combined
may increase the serum concentration of each other when combined
may increase the serum concentration of each other when combined
may increase the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with cannabinoid products
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with cannabinoid products
CYP3A4 Inducers: they may diminish the serum concentration of hormonal contraceptives
CYP3A4 Inducers: they may diminish the serum concentration of hormonal contraceptives
CNS Depressants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
CNS Depressants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
CNS Depressants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
CNS Depressants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
CNS Depressants: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of antihistamines
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may enhance the metabolism when combined with tricyclic antidepressants
may increase the action of CNS depressants inducing CNS depression
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may increase the action of CNS depressants inducing CNS depression
may increase the action of CNS depressants inducing CNS depression
may increase the action of CNS depressants inducing CNS depression
may increase the action of CNS depressants inducing CNS depression
May reduce the plasma concentration of tropisetron
hydroxyzine may enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
lemborexant may enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of methotrimeprazine
may increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 substrates
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may enhance the CNS depressant effect
may enhance the CNS depressant effect
may enhance the CNS depressant effect
may enhance the CNS depressant effect
it decreases by affecting the hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the depressant effect of opioid agonists
may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of opioid agonists
may diminish the serum concentration
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant of opioid agonists
may increase the risk or severity of hypertension when combined
may diminish the serum concentration
budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)Â
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitor
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may enhance serum concentrations of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with flunitrazepam
may decrease the serum concentration when combined with CYP3A4 Inducers (Strong)
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with CNS depressants
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with methotrimeprazine
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with oxycodone
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with suvorexant
may increase or decrease the activity of this enzyme when combined with sparsentan
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with alfentanil
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with apixaban
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with aripiprazole
may diminish serum concentrations when combined with aripiprazole lauroxil
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with atogepant
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with belumosudil
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with brexpiprazole
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with ubrogepant
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with fenfluramine
calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybateÂ
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with oxybate salt products
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with ropeginterferon alfa-2b
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
they may diminish the serum concentration when combined with rosiglitazone
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
nalmefene: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of Opioid Agonists
CYP2C19 Inducers: they may diminish the serum concentration of brivaracetam
cabozantinib :they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
clopidogrel: they may enhance serum concentrations of CYP2C19 Inducers
cyclosporin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
diltiazem: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
enzalutamide: they may diminish serum concentrations of the active metabolites of CYP3A4 inducers
CYP3A4 inducers: they may diminish the serum concentration of eravacycline
erlotinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
etoposide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
exemestane: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
felodipine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
CYP3A4 inducers: they may diminish the serum concentration of ganaxolone
may increase the CNS depressant effect of Buprenorphine
may increase the CNS depressant effect of Buprenorphine
may diminish the serum concentration of zanubrutnib
drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolateÂ
may diminish the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
buprenorphine,long-acting injectionÂ
may increase the CNS depressant effect of Buprenorphine
may diminish the serum concentration of Voxelotor
brigatinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
daclatasvir: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
guanfacine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
CYP3A4 Inducers: they may diminish the serum concentration of larotrectinib
lefamulin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
lorlatinib: they may increase the hepatotoxic effect of CYP3A4 Inducers
lurasidone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
maraviroc: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
mitapivat: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
perampanel: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
pirtobrutinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
praziquantel: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ripretinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
zanubrutinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with methylprednisolone
may diminish the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiolÂ
may diminish the serum concentration of Hormonal Contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with indinavir
may increase the risk of CNS depression when combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine
dexmedetomidine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
oxolamine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
ranolazine: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
sirolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
triazolam: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with hormonal contraceptives
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with hormonal contraceptives
clozapine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
nitrazepam: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
obinutuzumab: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
secretin: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
cimetropium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
guanethidine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
potassium phosphate: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
amisulpride: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
tiotropium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
nitroglycerin: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
ramosetron: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
decrease in activity of norethisterone may be observed when taken with phenobarbital
cocaine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
linezolid: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
oxychlorosene: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
abciximab: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
combining CNS depressants with propoxyphene may result in an additive CNS depression
rimonabant has the potential to intensify the effects of additional central nervous system depressants, including alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids, resulting in heightened sedation or respiratory depression
benorilate: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
benoxaprofen: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
alpelisib: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
alogliptin: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
albendazole: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
acyclovir: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
benzydamine: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
cannabidiol: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
capsaicin: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
captopril: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
bupivacaine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
benzyl alcohol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
capecitabine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
capsaicin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
diphenhydramine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
dyclonine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
estetrol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
furosemide: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
levobupivacaine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
lidocaine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
mepivacaine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
nedaplatin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acemetacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acetazolamide: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acetylsalicyclic acid: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
amiloride: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
amitriptyline: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
ammonium chloride: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
benorilate: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
benserazide: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
benzatropine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bepotastine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bismuth subgallate: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bisoxatin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
amobarbital: it may decreased the serum concentration of CNS depressants
pheneticillin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
cinchocaine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
doxycycline: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
enoxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
eravacycline: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
moricizine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
oxybuprocaine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
piperazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
promazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
spirapril: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
carvedilol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with opioid agonists
simvastatin: it may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ambroxol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
amikacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
aminophenazone: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
alteplase: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
ceforanide: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bicisate: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bleomycin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bivalirudin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
It may diminish the effect when combined with lumateperone by affecting CYP3A4 metabolism
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with antihepaciviral products
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
when both drugs are combined, there may be a decreased level of serum concentration of alpelisib   
when both drugs are combined, there may be a reduced effect of abemaciclib by affecting hepatic or intestinal enzyme cyp3a4 metabolism
phenobarbital decreases the effect of ixazomib by altering intestinal/hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
phenobarbital decreases the effect of fedratinib by altering the intestinal/hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the effect of orphenadrine
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the effect of paraldehyde
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
it increases the concentration of CYP3A4 substrates in the serum
it increases the concentration of CYP3A4 substrates in serum
may increase the level of effectiveness through P-glycoprotein MDR1 efflux transporter
they decrease the concentration of doravirine in the serum
may increase the constipation effect of opioid agonist
may increase the CNS depressant effect
CNS depressants increase the effect of flunarizine
CNS depressants increase the effect of orphenadrine
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the CNS depressing effect of paraldehyde
may diminish the serum concentration
may reduce the therapeutic effect of hemin
may decrease the serum concentration
may diminish the serum concentration
they decrease the concentration of rilpivirine
azelastine/fluticasone intranasalÂ
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may decrease the serum concentration of macimorelin
may enhance the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration of lenacapavir
they decrease the concentration of buprenorphine in the serum
may decrease the serum concentration of activated charcoal
may reduce the level of serum concentration of abemaciclib
methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazideÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish serum concentrations of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish serum concentrations of CYP3A4 inducers
they decrease the concentration of glasdegib in the serum
they decrease the concentration of active metabolites of infigratinib in the serum
may enhance the serum concentration of elbasvir/grazoprevir
may increase the CNS depressant effect of flibanserin
it increases the concentration of CYP3A4 substrates in the serum
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with tolvaptan
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by enhancing metabolism
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
abrocitinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP2C19 Inducers
CYP3A4 Inducers: they may diminish the serum concentration of capmatinib
ceritinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
crizotinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
duvelisib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
The serum concentration of Avacopan may be decreased by strong CYP3A4 inducers
they decrease the concentration of lurbinectedin in the serum
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with lemborexant
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with CYP3A4 substrates
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with CYP3A4 substrates
naxitinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
bosutinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
cariprazine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
cobimetinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
daridorexant: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
CYP3A4 Inducers: they may diminish the serum concentration of elacestrant
fedratinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
finerenone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
flibanserin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ibrexafungerp: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ivabradine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
leniolisib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
mavacamten: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
neratinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
olaparib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
olutasidenib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
omaveloxolone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
pemigatinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
rimegepant: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
selumetinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
sertraline: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
tazemetostat: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ulipristal: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
venetoclax: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
voclosporin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
vonoprazan fumarate: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
vorapaxar: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with isavuconazonium sulfate
may diminish the serum concentration when combined
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with antihepaciviral products
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with axitinib
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with dasabuvir
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with entrectinib
they decrease the concentration of active metabolites of tamoxifen in serum
olopatadine (Nasal): they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
azelaic acid: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
ipratropium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
levosalbutamol: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
naltrexone: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
furosemide: it may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aclidinium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
mequitazine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
glycopyrrolate: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
chlorthalidone: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
revefenacin: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
pitolisant: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
betahistine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
chloral hydrate: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
doxofylline: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may increase the efficacy of each other when combined
alogliptin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
alvimopan: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
balsalazide: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
may increase the harmful effects of CNS depressants
methemoglobinemia associated agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of local anesthetics
methemoglobinemia associated agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of local anesthetics
methemoglobinemia associated agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of local anesthetics
methemoglobinemia associated agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of local anesthetics
methemoglobinemia associated agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of local anesthetics
Barbiturates may enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
Barbiturates may enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
Barbiturates may enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
Barbiturates may enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
Barbiturates may enhance the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
may increase the metabolism of Vitamin K Antagonists
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect of cannabinoid-containing products
may increase the CNS depressant effect of cannabinoid-containing products
may increase the CNS depressant effect of opioid agonists
may increase the CNS depressant effect of opioid agonists
may increase the CNS depressant effect of opioid agonists
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
may increase the hypotensive effect
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
barbiturates may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
barbiturates may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
barbiturates may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
barbiturates may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
barbiturates may increase the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants
may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Opioid Agonists
may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Opioid Agonists
may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Opioid Agonists
may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Opioid Agonists
may reduce the level of serum concentration of estrogen drugs
bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
may reduce the level of serum concentration of estrogen drugs
may reduce the level of serum concentration of estrogen drugs
may reduce the level of serum concentration of estrogen drugs
may reduce the level of serum concentration of estrogen drugs
they increase the toxicity of other CNS depressants
they increase the toxicity of other CNS depressants
they increase the toxicity of other CNS depressants
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the risk of adverse effect of amphetamines
may enhance the metabolism when combined with acetaminophen
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentrations
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
it decreases the concentration of thyroid products in serum
it decreases the concentration of thyroid products in serum
it decreases the concentration of thyroid products in serum
it decreases the concentration of thyroid products in serum
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with antihypertensive agents
barbiturates: they may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with blood viscoosity-reducing agents
barbiturates: they may increase the hypotensive effect when combined with blood viscoosity-reducing agents
methemoglobinemia associated agents: they may increase the toxic effect when combined with local anesthetics
may reduce the levels of serum concentration
may reduce the levels of serum concentration
may reduce the levels of serum concentration
may reduce the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
It may diminish the effects when combined with vitamin D
could increase the vasopressor action
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
may decrease the serum concentration
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
they increase the effect of hypotension of BP-lowering agents
Combining phenobarbital with pranlukast may cause a reduction in the phenobarbital’s metabolism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
they decrease the effect of each other by pharmacodynamic antagonism
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with alcohol
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with alcohol
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with protein kinase inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with protein kinase inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with protein kinase inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with protein kinase inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with protein kinase inhibitors
barbiturates: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics
barbiturates: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics
barbiturates: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics
barbiturates: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics
barbiturates: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics
dihydroartemisinin/piperaquineÂ
combination of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine with phenobarbital will decrease the levels of DHA/PPQ in blood
it may enhance the CNS depressant effect
it may enhance the CNS depressant effect
it may decrease the levels of serum concentration
it may decrease the levels of serum concentration
it may decrease the levels of serum concentration
it may decrease the levels of serum concentration
it may decrease the levels of serum concentration
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased metabolism of etoposide   
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased metabolism of vinblastine  
is having an antagonistic effect over brentuximab vedotin by showing altered intestinal/hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme metabolism.
may reduce the effects of erdafitinib by affecting the MDR1/PG-P efflux transporter
they increase the effect of hypotension on other hypotensive agents
they increase the effect of hypotension on other hypotensive agents
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
may enhance the hypotensive effect of blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may enhance the hypotensive effect of blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may enhance the hypotensive effect of blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may enhance the hypotensive effect of blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may enhance the hypotensive effect of blood Pressure Lowering Agents
CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of flunarizine
lisuride may enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
lofexidine may enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
perampanel may enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
CNS depressants may enhance the sedative effect of rotigotine
CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of thalidomide
CNS depressants increase the CNS depressing effect of brexanolone
CNS depressants increase the CNS depressing effect of alcohol
valproate increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the toxicity of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the effect of sedation of pramipexole
CNS depressants increase the effect of sedation of ropinirole
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the risk of adverse effect of other CNS depressants
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may enhance the activity
may decrease the levels of serum concentration of clozapine
may enhance the immunosuppressive effects of each other
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may increase the sedative effect of CNS depressants
may increase the sedative effect of CNS depressants
hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrineÂ
may diminish the serum concentration
may enhance the CNS depressant effect of cannabinoid-containing products
may enhance the CNS depressant effect of cannabinoid-containing products
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
may increase the hypotensive effect of antihypertensives
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
may enhance the risk of adverse/toxic effect of other CNS depressants
pramoxine /hydrocortisone topicalÂ
may increase the adverse effect
may decrease the serum concentration
may increase the hypotensive effect
may decrease the serum concentration of erdafitinib.
may increase the CNS depressant effect
may decrease the serum concentration of macitentan
may decrease the level of serum concentration of pretomanid
CYP3A4 Inducers may decrease the serum concentration of eliglustat
may decrease the serum concentration of encorafenib
may decrease the serum concentration of estazolam
may decrease the serum concentration of estrogen derivatives
bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
may decrease the serum concentration of estrogen derivatives
may decrease the serum concentration of estrogen derivatives
may decrease the serum concentration of estrogen derivatives
may decrease the serum concentration of estrogen derivatives
may increase the toxic effects
may increase the toxic effect
may increase the toxic effects of local anaesthetics
may diminish the serum concentration of corticosteroids
may increase the hypotensive effect of anti-hypertensives
may increase the toxic effect of local anesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
hydrochlorothiazide/aliskirenÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazideÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazideÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
valsartan/hydrochlorothiazideÂ
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with brexanolone
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with anti-hypertensive agents
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with CNS depressants
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with CNS depressants
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with CNS depressants
may have an increased CNS depressive effect when combined with CNS depressants
may enhance serum concentrations when combined with doxercalciferol
may decrease the level of serum concentrations of itraconazole
they increase the toxicity of other CNS depressants
they increase the toxicity of other CNS depressants
they increase the toxicity of other CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the toxicity of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with selpercatinib
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with nimodipine
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with upadacitinib
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with Cyproheptadine
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with local anesthetics
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may have an increased hepatotoxic effect when combined with phenobarbital
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may reduce the levels of serum concentration of tivozanib
may increase the hypotensive effect of blood pressure-lowering agents
may increase the toxic effect of CNS depressants
may increases the adverse effect of Local Anesthetics
may diminish the serum concentration of lidocaine
may increase the adverse effect of Local Anesthetics
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with methemoglobinemia agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with methemoglobinemia agents
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with prilocaine
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
promethazine/dextromethorphanÂ
may increase the toxic effect of other CNS Depressants
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with nintedanib
may diminish the serum concentration when combined with ziprasidone
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may increase the adverse effect of CNS Depressants
It may enhance sedation when combined with phenobarbital
It may enhance sedation when combined with phenobarbital
It may enhance sedation when combined with phenobarbital
It may diminish the effect when combined with phenobarbital by affecting the intestinal/hepatic enzyme CYP3A4
pramipexole: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS Depressants
valerian: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
sodium thiosulfate & sodium nitriteÂ
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with sodium nitrite
may increase the toxic effect of CNS Depressants
may enhance the serum concentration when combined
eszopiclone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ethosuximide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
hydrocodone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
mefloquine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
meperidine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
methadone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
Strong CYP3A4 inducers may lower the serum concentration of alprazolam
Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of amiodarone
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the serotonergic effects
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may enhance the serum concentration of Buprenorphine
estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            Â
may diminish the serum concentration when combined
may enhance the metabolism of acetaminophen
may increase the toxic effect of Local Anesthetics
may increase the adverse effects when combined
acetaminophen/doxylamine/dextromethorphanÂ
may increase the CNS depressant effect of Doxylamine
may enhance the concentration of serum when combined with fluticasone
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with methemoglobinemia agents
aprepitant: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
codeine: they may diminish serum concentrations of CYP3A4 Inducers
copanlisib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
omeprazole: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP2C19 Inducers
diazepam: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
disopyramide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
elvitegravir: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
everolimus: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
fentanyl: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ibrutinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
idelalisib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ifosfamide: they may diminish serum concentrations of CYP3A4 Inducers
imatinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
isradipine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
istradefylline: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
lapatinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
lercanidipine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
levamlodipine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
mianserin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
midazolam: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with taurursodiol
midostaurin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
naldemedine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
naloxegol: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
nilvadipine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
osimertinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
oxycodone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
prednisone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
quetiapine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
quinidine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
quinine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
regorafenib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
repaglinide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
ribociclib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
samidorphan: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
sildenafil: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
sorafenib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
thiotepa: they may enhance serum concentrations of CYP3A4 Inducers
ticagrelor: they may diminish serum concentrations of CYP3A4 Inducers
tofacitinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
toremifene: they may diminish serum concentrations of CYP3A4 Inducers
trabectedin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
tramadol: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
trazodone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
tucatinib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
vemurafenib: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
verapamil: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
vilazodone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
zolpidem: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
zopiclone: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
may decrease the concentration of serum when combined with methylergometrine
metyrosine: they may increase the sedative effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the adverse effect of local anesthetics
may increase the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
may diminish the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with artemether and lumefantrine
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with atazanavir
benzhydrocodone/acetaminophenÂ
may diminish the concentration of serum when combined with benzhydrocodone
may decrease the hypotensive effect of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents
it decreases the concentration of CYP3A4 inducers in serum
may enhance the toxic effect of each other when combined
may enhance the toxic effect of each other when combined
may enhance the toxic effect of each other when combined
may enhance the toxic effect of each other when combined
may enhance the toxic effect of each other when combined
chloroprocaine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
kava: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
levothyroxine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
mianserin: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
ozanimod: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Platelets inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Platelets inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Platelets inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Platelets inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Platelets inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with CNS depressants
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with CNS depressants
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with CNS depressants
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with CNS depressants
may have an increased CNS depressant effect when combined with CNS depressants
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with CYP3A4 inducers
rolapitant: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
benzyl alcohol: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
dimethindene: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
piribedil: it may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
potassium citrate: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
lutropin alfa: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
ceritinib: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
dasatinib: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
flecainide: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
halofantrine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
lomitapide: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
methadone: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
pilsiicainide hydrochloride: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
may increase the hypotensive effect of barbiturates
nicardipine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
dapoxetine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
brimonidine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
cimetidine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
diazoxide: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
flunarizine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
melatonin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
methylphenidate: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
molsidomine: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
atosiban: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
alfuzosin: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
dimercaprol: they may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Inducers
glucagon: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
hyaluronidase: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
mirabegron: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
solriamfetol: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
tedizolid: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aminolevulinic acid: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
sparsentan: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
alfuzosin: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
arginine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
dapoxetine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
dexketoprofen: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
diacerein: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
indoramin: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aliskiren: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
lithium: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
sacubitril: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
aprotinin: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
methylphenidate: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
molsidomine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
naftopidil: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
pholcodine: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
urokinase: they may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants
dichlorphenamide : it may increase the toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
cimetidine : it may increase the toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
bupropion : it may increase the toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
amphetamine : it may increase the toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
guanethidine : it may increase the toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
labetalol : it may increase the toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
tramadol : it may increase the toxic effect of Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
cannabis: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
propofol: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
tacrolimus: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates
warfarin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
tricyclic antidepressants: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
cannabinoid receptor agonists: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
cannabinoid receptor agonists: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may increase the CNS depressant effect of CNS depressants
abacavir: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
abatacept: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acebutolol: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
aceclofenac: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acemetacin: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acenocoumarol: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acetohexamide: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
aldesleukin: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
alefacept: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
allopurinol: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
bacitracin: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
baricitinib: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
benazepril: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
benserazide: it may decrease the excretion rate of abacavir CNS depressant
acetazolamide: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
balsalazide: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
mepyramine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
acrivastine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
adenosine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
ajmaline: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
alfentanil: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
alprazolam: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
baclofen: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
alvimopan: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
bufexamac: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
butabarbital: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carbidopa: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carboplatin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carmustine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carprofen: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
carvedilol: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
dalfampridine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
cefaclor: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
bedaquiline: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
cariprazine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
cetirizine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
celiprolol: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
dabrafenib: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
dapagliflozin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
alosetron: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
benzphetamine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
agomelatine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
metocurine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
amoxicillin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
ampicillin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
anagrelide: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
apomorphine: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
benzylpenicillin: it may increase the risk or severity of CNS depression
an increase in CNS depression may be seen
amphetamine: it may decreased the serum concentration of CNS depressants
anakinra: it may decreased the serum concentration of CNS depressants
antipyrine: it may decreased the serum concentration of CNS depressants
arbutamine: it may decreased the serum concentration of CNS depressants
arformoterol: it may decreased the serum concentration of CNS depressants
binimetinib: it may increase the metabolism of CNS depressants
bortezomib: it may increase the metabolism of CNS depressants
brivaracetam: it may increase the metabolism of CNS depressants
cenobamate: it may increase the metabolism of CNS depressants
chlordiazepoxide: it may increase the metabolism of CNS depressants
chlorpromazine: it may increase the metabolism of CNS depressants
oxybuprocaine: it may increase the metabolism of CNS depressants
axitinib: it may increase the metabolism of CNS depressants
azithromycin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
betaine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bevacizumab: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
abiraterone: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acetohexamide: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bedaquiline: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
benazepril: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
calfactant: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
cannabidiol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
penfluridol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
pentoxyverine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
acenocoumarol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
pergolide: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
boceprevir: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
bosentan: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
bretylium: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
brexpiprazole: it may increase the risk of CNS depression
an increase in rate of metabolism may be seen
the sedative property of hyoscine may be increased
bacitracin: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
baclofen: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
baricitinib: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
capreomycin: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
carbamazepine: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
carbidopa: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
diclofenac: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
diclofenamide: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
dicyclomine: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
diflunisal: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
diflucortolone: it may decrease the excretion rate of metheglobinemia associated agents
this preparation contains diphenhydramine and may enhance the impact of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, including opioid analgesics, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antidepressants, antiemetics, anxiolytic sedatives, antipsychotics, and hypnotics
chloroprocaine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
cinoxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
ciprofloxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
doxacurim: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
estradiol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
pyronaridine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
perphenazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
celiprolol: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
chlorothiazide: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
chlorpromazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
ergometrine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
cinnarizine and dimenhydrinateÂ
this combination will make you feel sleepy or tired when Tranquillisers used in combination
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir DFÂ
may decrease the level of serum concentration
may decrease the level of serum concentration
may decrease the level of serum concentration
it may reduce the therapeutic effect
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
they increase the metabolism of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
CNS depressants increases the concentration of serum barbiturates in the serum
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increases the toxicity of bupivacaine
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the effect of blonanserin
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
CNS depressants increase the effect of oxycodone
CNS depressants increase the effect of zolpidem
CNS depressants increase the effect of zolpidem
CNS depressants increase the effect of suvorexant
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of opioids
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of opioids
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of opioids
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of opioids
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of hormonal contraceptives in the serum
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of hormonal contraceptives in the serum
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of hormonal contraceptives in the serum
CYP3A4 inducers decrease the concentration of hormonal contraceptives in the serum
it increases the effect of CNS depressants
Actions and Spectrum
Phenobarbital is a barbiturate drug. It acts as an anticonvulsant and sedative agent. It enhances the activity of the GABA neurotransmitter in the brain. It is an inhibitory neurotransmitter which regulated the excitability of the neurons. GABA binds to the receptors and opens the channels in the cell membrane in the brain. It allows the negatively charges ions in the cell. Â
Phenobarbital increases the activity of GABA by binding to a particular site on GABA-A receptors. These are ionotropic receptors which mediate the effects of GABA. This increases the time duration to open up the channel of GABA-A receptor. This allows the Cl ions to enter into the neuron and inhibit the activity.Â
Phenobarbital is used as an anticonvulsant. It prevents the seizures. It is used to treat partial and generalized tonic clonic seizures and other types of seizures.Â
 Phenobarbital is a sedative and hypnotic. It is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and other diseases. It is not suggested to use for long term usage because of the soothing effects.
Frequency not definedÂ
CommonÂ
DizzinessÂ
DysarthriaÂ
HeadacheÂ
IrritabilityÂ
Paresthesia restlessnessÂ
Geriatric patients: Excitement, confusion, depressionÂ
AtaxiaÂ
DrowsinessÂ
FatigueÂ
NystagmusÂ
VertigoÂ
Less CommonÂ
NauseaÂ
Megaloblastic (folate-deficiency) anemiaÂ
Mental dullnessÂ
DiarrheaÂ
VomitingÂ
UncommonÂ
HypocalcemiaÂ
RashÂ
HepatotoxicityÂ
RareÂ
RicketsÂ
Stevens-Johnson syndromeÂ
OsteomalaciaÂ
IVÂ
Respiratory depression
Black box warning:
NoneÂ
Contraindications/cautionÂ
Contraindications:Â
Hypersensitivity: Patient who has allergic reaction to any substance of phenobarbital must not take the medication.Â
Porphyria: Phenobarbital may cause porphyria. It is a rare genetic disease which can affect the production of heme.Â
Respiratory depression: Phenobarbital may cause respiratory depression specifically in patient who has lung disease or take the medications of depress respiration.Â
Liver disease: liver metabolizes phenobarbital and may lead to liver damage in patient who has liver disease.Â
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Phenobarbital may harm to fetus during pregnancy and can be goes into breastmilk to an infant.Â
Acute intermittent porphyria: Phenobarbital may cause acute intermittent porphyria. It affects the nervous system.Â
Severe anemia: Phenobarbital may cause severe anemia by elevating the breakdown of RBCs.Â
Alcohol use: Phenobarbital may elevate the sedative effects of alcohol. It increases the risk of respiratory depression and adverse effects.Â
Caution:Â
Elderly patients: Elder patient may have more sensitive sedative and respiratory effects to phenobarbital. The symptoms are like confusion, dizziness, and falls. Â
Patients who have respiratory disease: Phenobarbital may cause respiratory depression. Patients who have respiratory diseases like COPD may have increased risk of respiratory failure.Â
Patients who have liver or kidney disease: Liver metabolizes phenobarbital and kidney excreted it. Patients who have kidney or liver disease may have increased toxicity and adverse effects.Â
Patients who have a history of substance abuse: Phenobarbital may a habit forming medication. It is used with caution in patients who have a history of substance abuse.Â
Patients who have a history of depression or suicidal thoughts: Phenobarbital may elevate the risk of depression and thoughts of suicide in patients.Â
Patients who are taking other medications: Phenobarbital can interact with other drugs like opioids, sedatives, and anticoagulants. It must be taken with caution in patient who is taking these drugs.Â
Patients who have a history of epilepsy:Â Â
Phenobarbital is used as an anticonvulsant agent. It is used with caution in patient who has a history of epilepsy.
Pregnancy/LactationÂ
Pregnancy consideration: It can cause harm to the fetus during pregnancyÂ
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is known and can be passed through breast milk to a nursing infant.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Pharmacology:Â
Phenobarbital improves the activity of GABA neurotransmitter in the brain. It inhibits the neuronal activity. It binds to a particular GABA-A receptors. It elevated the time to open up the receptor. It allows more Cl ions to enter into the neuron and inhibits the activity. Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
The pharmacodynamics of phenobarbital:Â
Effects on GABA:Â Â
Phenobarbital improves the activity of GABA neurotransmitter in the brain. It inhibits the neuronal activity. It binds to a particular GABA-A receptors. It elevated the time to open up the receptor. It allows more Cl ions to enter into the neuron and inhibits the activity. Â
Anticonvulsant effects: Phenobarbital is a anticonvulsant drug. It prevents seizures. It reduces the excitement of neurons in the brain and prevents the spread of abnormal electrical activity which can cause seizures.Â
Sedative and hypnotic effects: Phenobarbital is a sedative and hypnotic agent. It is used to rat insomnia, anxiety and other diseases. The CNS depressant effect may cause drowsiness, hypnosis, and sedation. It helps to reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality.Â
Respiratory depression: Phenobarbital may lead to respiratory depression by decreasing the activity of neurons in the respiratory center of brainstem. It can lead to reduced rate and depth of respiratory. Â
Tolerance and dependence: Long term usage of this medication may lead to dependency and tolerance. Termination of the drug may lead to withdrawal symptoms like seizures, insomnia, and anxiety. Â
Adverse effects: Phenobarbital may lead to different effects like ataxia, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, respiratory depression, and paradoxical excitement. It may interact with other medications and led to conditions like liver disease and porphyria.  Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
Absorption:Â
Phenobarbital is absorbed after the oral administration. The peak plasma level occur in 1 to 3 hours. It is administrated by injection. High plasma concentrations seen when it is taken on an empty stomach.Â
DistributionÂ
Phenobarbital is distributed in the body like brain, liver, kidney. It crosses the placenta and enter into breast milk. It is highly protein bound mainly to albumin.Â
MetabolismÂ
Liver metabolizes phenobarbital mainly by the CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 pathways. It is converted into many metabolites like p-hydroxy phenobarbital and phenobarbital-N-glucuronide. They are less active. Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
Phenobarbital is eliminated mainly in the urine. The elimination ½ life is bout 50 to 120 hours. It can excreted in the feces and small
AdministrationÂ
Oral administration: It is mainly administrated by orally as tablets or capsules. It must be taken with water and with or without food. It increases the absorption and reduce the risk of adverse effect when it is taken on empty stomach.Â
Injection: It is also administered by injection by IV or IM. It is used in emergency cases.Â
Dosage: The dosage of phenobarbital is depends on the age, weight, and medical conditions of patient. It is started with lower dosage and eventually increases the dosage. The max. dosage of 600 mg per day. Â
Monitoring: Patients who are taking this medications are monitored closely for therapeutic effects and adverse effects. Plasma concentrations may be monitored to make sure the dosage is in the range and reduce the risk of toxicity. Patient must be monitored for any symptoms of respiratory depression, sedation and other CNS effects.
Patient information leafletÂ
Why do we use phenobarbital?Â
Phenobarbital is used for different purposes. Â
Epilepsy: It is used to control seizures in patient who has epilepsy. It is effective for partial seizures and generalized tonic clonic seizures.Â
Sedation: It has a solid soothing effects. It induces the sleep for medical procedures. It is used in veterinary medication to sedate the animals. Â
Anxiety and insomnia: It is used to treat insomnia and anxiety.Â
Alcohol withdrawal: It is sued to manage the symptoms of withdrawal of alcohol specifically seizures.Â
Neonatal jaundice: It is used to treat neonatal jaundice. It is a disease in which skin and eyes appear yellow because of the increased levels of bilirubin in the blood in baby. It helps to increase the excretion of bilirubin by the liver.
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
On course completion, you will receive a full-sized presentation quality digital certificate.
A dynamic medical simulation platform designed to train healthcare professionals and students to effectively run code situations through an immersive hands-on experience in a live, interactive 3D environment.
When you have your licenses, certificates and CMEs in one place, it's easier to track your career growth. You can easily share these with hospitals as well, using your medtigo app.
